E-Filantropi Pembiayaan Pendidikan: Gerakan Altruisme dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Perbatasan di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19

This article examines a new pattern of humanitarianism through digital technology, known as e-philanthropy. The utilization of digital space with social media has become an e-philanthropy concept amidst the covid-19 pandemic that happened to all levels of society. This study used a qualitative descriptive with virtual ethnographic methods. The object of this research is a program of #beasiswaArjuna, Pondok Pendawa, Bogor that implemented the altruism movement by collecting online donations to finance education for border communities. This article shows that philanthropy has shifted from conventional to digital forms, especially amidst the covid-19 pandemic. E-philanthropy manifests as an altruism movement in strengthening humanitarian solidarity by eliminating all selfishness and helping border communities to continue their education. The practice of philanthropy in the altruism movement amidst the covid-19 pandemic calls everyone to engage in altruistic actions to create happiness for everybody.

Sikap Bahasa dan Pemertahanan Identiti Komuniti Sempadan di Kampung Telok Melano, Malaysia dan Desa Temajuk, Indonesia: Satu Tinjauan Awal

Kajian ini meneliti sikap bahasa dan pemertahanan identiti komuniti sempadan di Kampung Telok Melano, Lundu (Sarawak, Malaysia) dan Desa Temajuk, Sambas (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). Objektif khusus kajian adalah untuk meninjau sikap bahasa dan penjelmaan identiti melalui bahasa, yang akhirnya membentuk dua identiti yang berbeza. Pengumpulan data kajian berasaskan pendekatan kualitatif iaitu melalui rakaman perbualan, wawancara dan pemerhatian ikut serta. Dalam kajian awal ini, seramai 12 orang informan iaitu 6 orang dari Kampung Telok Melano dan 6 orang dari Desa Temajuk telah dipilih berdasarkan kaedah pensampelan kuota. Soalan wawancara dirangka mengikut beberapa domain daripada tiga ciri sikap bahasa yang dikemukakan oleh Garvin & Mathiot (1968) iaitu kesetiaan bahasa, kebanggaan bahasa dan kesedaran akan norma bahasa. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kesetiaan bahasa, kebanggaan bahasa dan kesedaran akan norma bahasa, khususnya terhadap bahasa ibunda dan bahasa kebangsaan adalah tinggi dalam kalangan kedua-dua komuniti yang dikaji. Dari aspek pemertahanan identiti, kajian mendapati masyarakat di Kampung Telok Melano yang asalnya beridentitikan ‘Melayu Sambas’, telah beralih menjadi ‘Melayu Sarawak’ sejak pembentukan Malaysia pada tahun 1963. Kajian awal ini telah menyediakan asas penyelidikan untuk kajian lanjutan pada masa hadapan berkaitan dengan isu bahasa dan identiti masyarakat sempadan di bahagian barat daya Sarawak. [This study emphasises on the language attitude and the defence of the border community identity at Kampung Telok Melano, Lundu (Sarawak, Malaysia) and Desa Temajuk, Sambas (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). The primary objective of the study is to observe the language attitude and the creation of an identity through language to form two distinct different identities. The collection of data for the study is based on a qualitative approach through recorded conversations, interviews, and participant observations. In this preliminary observation, a total of 12 informants where 6 people from Kampung Telok Melano and another 6 people from Desa Temajuk were selected based on the quota sampling method. Interview questions were framed according to a few domains based on the three characteristics of language attitude proposed by Garvin and Mathiot (1968) which are language loyalty, language pride and awareness of the norms. The findings of this study indicated that the language loyalty and awareness of the norms specifically towards the mother tongue and national language are high in these two communities. In the aspect of defence of the border community identity, the study had found that the Kampung Telok Melano community original identity were Sambas Malays who had since shifted to Sarawak Malays since the formation of Malaysia in 1963. This preliminary study had prepared the basis for further studies related to language issues and the identity of the border communities at the southwestern region of Sarawak.]

Gender differentials in poverty among migrants in rural border communities of Oyo state, Nigeria

The study examined relative poverty among migrant men and women in rural border communities of the Oyo State. Three rural border settlements were randomly selected in Atisbo and Saki-west Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Oyo State. Two hundred and four (204) questionnaires were administered to the father and mother in 102 migrant households and 198 questionnaires were retrieved for analysis. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the study revealed that women have a higher poverty level than men. Also, the Principal Component Analysis revealed that the high loadings of factors on component one (Dwelling Conditions), for both men and women, imply inadequate living conditions. This indicates the need for improved dwelling conditions for the migrants and also the need to focus on gender-based poverty interventions especially among females, as they are more affected by poverty.

Designing for Multilevel Behavior Change: A Father-Focused Nutrition and Physical Activity Program for Mexican-Heritage Families in South Texas Border Communities

Fathers significantly influence family functioning, as coparents and partners, and must be part of family-based approaches to behavioral health interventions or programs. But little is known regarding how to support Latino fathers in health promotion within their family systems, specifically for Latino families living in border communities. Program development was embedded in a larger community-based grant and part of a longstanding academic-community collaboration. An interdisciplinary research team applied theories related to health behavior, family systems, behavior change, and community engagement to develop a father-focused and family-centered behavioral program for Mexican-heritage fathers and children living near the Texas-Mexico border to support changes in nutrition and physical activity at the individual and family levels. Promotoras de salud (trained community health workers) delivered the program through group sessions, check-in calls, and at-home activities. Group session activities were designed to engage family triads and dyads using experiential education related to nutrition and physical activity, like cooking lessons and active play, over a six-week period. Future research can use the program approach and curricula as a roadmap for designing context-specific and culturally-relevant programs for Latino families. Additional research is needed to explore how approaches like this can support families and their health goals.

Development of guidelines for fitness training based on local wisdom of the Malind Tribe to victims of drug abuse

Drug abuse is a social problem with a very wide negative impact and in its recovery it needs several solutions. The emphasis of the discussion in this study is the fact in the field that it shows the pattern of implementation of physical and health guidance so far it has only been an unstructured, measurable, and comprehensive implementation. The research is aimed at developing fitness training guidelines and healthy lifestyles based on local wisdom for victims of drug use that are feasible and effective, which will be provided to victims of drug use in the border communities of Indonesia-Papua New Guinea, Merauke Papua. The method used in this research is the Research and Development method, it is chosen as a method for producing certain products and testing the effectiveness of the products to be developed, namely guidelines for fitness training and healthy lifestyles based on local wisdom for drug use victims. The steps of data collection techniques in this research are preliminary study, planning, initial draft, draft trial, small and large scale data, final product, and effectiveness test (Cooper test-12 minutes). The population in this study amounts to 20 people consisting of officers/practitioners in indigenous communities/villages and victims of drug abuse in the Indonesian-Papua New Guinea Border Community, Merauke Papua. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis and descriptive analysis. The results of the study show the feasibility and effectiveness of developing guidelines for fitness training and healthy living patterns based on local wisdom that can be used for drug use victims in the border communities of RI-PNG Merauke Papua.

THE STATE OF BASIC EDUCATION IN NIGERIA BORDER COMMUNITIES

The study investigated the state of basic education in the Nigerian international border communities of Sokoto State. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A multistage sampling technique was adopted for the selection of 597 out of 3,876 respondents. A 29 items four-point-Likert scale Researcher’s designed questionnaire that was translated into Arabic and Hausa languages with psychometric properties of content validity 0.80, 0.75, and 0.87and a reliability coefficient of 0.76, 0.82, and 0.71 while the interview items have a content validity of 0.77 and a reliability coefficient 0.78 was used to elicit the needed data. descriptive and Inferential statistic was used to analyze the data. Findings revealed that parental, teachers, governmental, and facilities factors pose challenges to basic education in the border areas, among others. Educational policymakers are recommended to take necessary measures to decentralized the curriculum of the education system in Nigeria to takes care of the educational needs of a different society.

Characterization of a Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Isolated from a Patient in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico

Dengue (DEN) is the most important human arboviral disease worldwide. Sporadic outbreaks of DEN have been reported since 1980 in urban communities located along the border in southeast Texas and northern Mexico. Other than the Rio Grande Valley region of TX, autochthonous transmission of DENV has not been reported from any other US border communities. As part of a surveillance program for arthropod-borne viruses in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, during November 2015, a blood sample was obtained from a female patient who experienced an undifferentiated fever and arthralgia. The plasma of the sample was tested for virus in Vero-76 and C6/36 cells. DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) was isolated in the C6/36 cells, and nucleotide sequencing of the envelope gene and full genome grouped the DENV-1 isolate in the Central America clade. The patient had not traveled outside of Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, thus suggesting DENV-1 infection was acquired in this community.

Nationalism in Border Community: Temajuk, Sambas District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

The low level of nationalism is one of the noticeable problems that often occur in the border-region, and the Indonesian border in Kalimantan witnesses the same problem. This issue arises because border-areas tend to be underdeveloped areas, with inadequate development and facilities. The lack of state attention to border communities is claimed to be the reason for people’s disloyalty toward the state. Additionally, national border violations and illegal trade are increasingly being considered as an indicator of the low levels of nationalism prevailing among border communities. This research attempts to examine how the border communities in Temajuk have built their attachment to their living environment in a way that would enable them to reinterpret the nationalism of border communities. In doing so, this study uses a descriptive–qualitative approach. Data collections have been obtained from document-tracking and interviews with local district/village officers, Badan Pengelola Perbatasan Daerah officers, border military guards, and several residents in Temajuk. The finding indicated that bonding and emotional experience encourage citizens to remain committed to being Indonesian citizens although neighboring countries have better development and prosperity levels. Contrastingly, nationalism promotes a stronger territorial awareness, which then encourages the proborder welfare policies.

The Mexico-US Border and the Mexican Revolution

The 1910 Mexican Revolution erupted as one of several major revolutions of the 20th century throughout the world. Although the revolution touched every corner of the Mexican Republic, it took on special meaning along Mexico’s northern border with the United States. Some of the first expressions of discontent aimed at the Porfirian regime were manifested in the Mexican north. Some of the battles that marked major turning points among the various revolutionary factions took place in the region. Further, the US–Mexican borderlands played a central role in the revolution because of easy access to arms arsenals and functioned as both safe haven and as a base from which to launch attacks. It also became an entry point for radical ideology. Capturing and controlling key cities along the border provided revolutionary factions the upper hand in the long ten-year war. Revolutionaries including Ricardo Flores Magón and Encarnación Díaz, among others, were apprehended and charged with violation of US neutrality laws by American officials who, in collaboration with the Porfirian regime, worked to intercept and arrest individuals deemed a danger to both US and Mexican peace and security. The revolution left a long legacy in border communities as it served as a watershed moment regarding immigration policy as well as in the way Mexican-origin people in the United States were perceived.