AAC Castle red spring wheat

AAC Castle, an awned hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cultivar, combines high grain yield and good agronomic characteristics with excellent resistance to leaf, stem, stripe rust, common bunt and loose smut. It also expressed tolerance to the orange wheat blossom midge. Based on 39 station years of data in the registration trials from 2014 to 2016, the grain yield of AAC Castle was about 17% higher than 5700PR but similar to the other checks. AAC Castle was significantly shorter than AAC Foray and CDC Terrain, but had similar lodging resistance and maturity. AAC Castle had higher test weight, protein concentration, falling number and flour yield than AAC Foray and CDC Terrain. AAC Castle is eligible for grade of the Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat market class.

AAC Perform red spring wheat

AAC Perform, an awned hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, combines high grain yield and good agronomic characteristics with excellent resistance to leaf, stem, and stripe rust. Based on 43 station years of registration trial data from 2017 to 2019, the grain yield of AAC Perform was about 6% higher than AAC Foray and about 12% over AAC Penhold. AAC Perform was significantly shorter than AAC Foray and had straw strength similar to AAC Penhold. It was about two days later maturing than AAC Foray. AAC Perform had similar test weight, smaller kernel size and lower protein concentration as compared with AAC Foray. AAC Perform had milling and baking quality suitable for grades of the Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat market class.

Asymmetry in Price Transmission: Evidence from the Wheat-Flour Supply Chain in Russia

Price volatility has serious implications for economic welfare of various agents in the grain supply chain. The paper examines asymmetric price transmission along the wheat producer-processor supply chain in Russia using log-transformed monthly prices during the period of 2000-2019. Having specified linear asymmetric vector error correction model, we exposed the long-term cumulative asymmetry in price transmission, however, the hypothesis of short-term symmetry presence failed to reject. The analysis revealed dominant position for wheat producers and wholesalers over the wheat processors. Imperfect competition and their resulting market power, as well as the existence of a huge number of illegal processors are the main causes for asymmetric price transmission on the Russian wheat market.

CHALLENGES FOR THE WHEAT MARKET IN THE BLACK SEA REGION UNDER CОVID-19

Under COVID-19, the world is facing unclear circumstances as a result of the global political, economic, social and financial recession caused by the pandemic. The overpopulation of certain regions as a result of globalization leads to problems related to the nutrition of the population and food security. The Black Sea region, with its strategic location, is an essential market both for the production and for the supply of raw materials to the regions affected by poverty and also for the international grain trade and in particular for the wheat. The report presents the main trends in the wheat market within the Black Sea region and argues the problems and challenges, which the grain trade is facing after the beginning of the COVID- 19 pandemic.

Global Wheat Market Dynamics: What Is the Role of the EU and the Black Sea Wheat Exporters?

Over the last two decades, three countries in the Black Sea Region—Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan—became global leaders in grain production and trade, and replaced the USA and France as the most previous largest wheat exporting countries. In this study we investigate world wheat price linkages and identify the current “price leaders” of the global wheat market. This empirical analysis is focused on the price relationships between eight of the largest wheat exporting countries and uses a cointegration framework and a vector error-correction model. The results show that, regarding price formation on the world wheat market, the French price is more important for transmitting price signals to other wheat export markets compared to the USA. Furthermore, our results indicate that, despite being leaders in wheat export volumes, the Black Sea wheat prices in Russia and Ukraine adjust to price changes in France, the USA, and Canada. Albeit unrealistic in the short run, the creation of the futures market in the Black Sea region might significantly improve the participation of Black Sea markets in price formation of the global wheat market.

Strategic management of Ukraine's competitive position in the world wheat market in the context of covid-19 and active marketing

Based on the strategic analysis of Ukraine's competitive position in the world wheat market, a comprehensive assessment of this market was carried out in the context of COVID-19 and active marketing. The competitive strategies of the main participants are studied, the directions for strengthening the position of Ukraine are substantiated, strategic alternatives for the behavior of domestic subjects of the world wheat market are developed, the implementation of which will allow forming long-term stable competitive advantages. Proposals to strengthen Ukraine's competitive position in the world wheat market are substantiated, in particular: development of territorially new markets; increasing market share; formation of new market segments by improving the quality of grain and deepening its processing. These measures are recommended to be implemented within the aggressive marketing strategy of the leader, which involves the search for objects in the market for the acquisition and decentralization of management.

Is the local wheat market a ‘market for lemons’? Certifying the supply of individual wheat farmers in Ethiopia

Bulking and mixing of smallholder supply dilutes incentives to supply high quality. We introduce wheat ‘grading and certification shops’ in Ethiopia and use an auction design to gauge willingness-to-pay (WTP) for certification. Bids correlate positively with wheat quality, and ex ante notification of the opportunity of certification improves wheat quality. These findings suggest that local wheat markets resemble a ‘market for lemons’, crippled by asymmetric information. However, aggregate WTP for grading and certification services does not re-coup the sum of fixed, flow and variable costs associated with running a single certification shop.

Afghanistan’s Food Security: Evidence from Pakistan and Afghanistan Wheat Price Transmission using Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVECM))

Afghanistan's food security mainly depends on Pakistan's wheat prospect, circumstances, agriculture policies, and market price dynamics. This study explores the price transmission mechanism of the wheat flour and wheat grain between Pakistan and Afghanistan using monthly price pairs from January 2003 through October 2017. The paper investigates the existing knowledge of how Pakistan’s agricultural policy and wheat market affects the wheat market and food security of Afghanistan. The results confirm that the wheat flour price of Pakistan is found to be driving the price of wheat flour of Afghanistan. This implies that wheat flour price of Pakistan evolves independently, and that wheat flour price of Afghanistan balances any divergence in the long-run relationship between the two markets prices. The policy implication is to eradicate transaction costs as well as procuring timely wheat grain and flour, in order to maintain price stability between Pakistan and Afghanistan wheat markets.

The War Lords and the Gallipoli Disaster

This book offers a new history of an old subject: the genesis of Britain’s disastrous 1915 Dardanelles campaign. It also offers a new history of a new subject—the strategic implications of globalization—because in order to comprehend the former, it is necessary to grasp the latter. Thanks to the development of the international wheat market during the late nineteenth century, the British government came to realize that the national dependence upon imported food had become the Achilles heel of the British Empire. The book shows how the disruption of the global wheat trade during the early months of the First World War exceeded the government’s worst nightmare. By January 1915, the rising price of bread and consequent threat of social unrest required a political response. It came in the form of a seemingly unrelated event: the disastrous British attack at Gallipoli in the spring of 1915. Contrary to all previous narratives which argue this was done for the military–strategic objective of relieving pressure on the Western Front, this books demonstrates that the British government authorized the attack for mainly political–economic reasons: to open the flow of grain from Russia through the Dardanelles in order to bring down the politically dangerous level of bread prices in Britain, and to enable Russia to export wheat and earn foreign exchange that would obviate the need for huge British loans to support its war effort. In so doing, the book offers a case study of grand strategic policymaking under pressure.