Historical Narratives on Reconstruction of al-Aqsa Mosque in Early Islam

The aim of this paper is to examine historical accounts related the first demarcating re-construction of al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem after Islam. It focusing on the differences between the early and later sources by examining the early and later Islamic narratives and sources and the available non-Islamic sources. This research attempts to find some explanation behind the differences between the early and later sources. Through the analysis of the early sources, the author also discusses and analyses the views of some modern researchers who have dealt with some of these issues.

KLASIFIKASI MODEL PEMIKIRAN ORIENTALIS HADIS PERSPEKTIF HERBERT BEERG

The orientalist debate about the authenticity of the hadith was highlighted by Herbert Berg who he specifically described in his work entitled The Development of Exegesis in Early Islam. In the book, Berg made a classification of orientalist thinking models on hadith. Based on this, this article aims to discuss the classification and mention Berg's reasons for placing the orientalists and also explain the implications of Berg's classification in the study of hadith. In this article, the researcher uses descriptive-analytical method by obtaining the following findings: First, there are four models of orientalist thought in Herbert Berg's hadith perspective, namely Early Western Scepticism, Reaction Against Scepticism, Middle Ground, and Renewed Scepticism. Although, as the finding of the research, it was found that from the four models, there are only two models that are relevant to the facts, namely the skeptical and non-skeptic groups. Second, Berg divides the model of thought based on the attitude of the orienalists to hadith. Third, Berg's classification has at least two implications, namely as a method of reading orientalist thinking models on hadith and the creation of a new method in determining the authenticity of hadith, namely the Sanguine Approach and the Skeptical Approach by Berg.. Key Words : Hetbert Berg, Hadith Orientalist, Authenticity of Hadith. Abstrak: Perdebatan para orientalis tentang keotentikan hadis ternyata disorot oleh Herbert Berg yang secara khusus ia gambarkan pada karyanya yang berjudul The Development of Exegesis in Early Islam. Pada buku tersebut, Berg membuat klasifikasi model pemikiran orientalis terhadap hadis. Berdasarkan hal itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas klasifikasi tersebut serta menyebutkan alasan Berg dalam menempatkan para orientalis tersebut dan juga menjelaskan implikasi klasifikasi Berg dalam kajian hadis. Artikel ini dalam pembahasannya menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dengan mendapatkan temuan, sebagai berikut: Pertama, terdapat empat model pemikiran orientalis hadis perspektif Herbert Berg, yaitu Early Western Scepticism, Reaction Against Scepticism, Middle Ground, dan Renewed Scepticism. Meskipun, setelah diteliti ternyatadari keempat model tersebut, hanya ada dua model yang relevan dengan fakta di lapangan, yaitu kelompok skeptis dan non skeptis. Kedua, Berg membagi model pemikiran tersebut berdasarkan sikap ara orientalis terhadap hadis. Ketiga, klasifikasi yang dilakukan Berg setidaknya memiliki dua implikasi, yaitu sebagai metode dalam membaca model pemikiran orientalis terhadap hadis dan terciptanya metode baru dalam menentukan keotentikan hadis, yaitu Sanguine Approach dan Skeptikal Approach oleh Berg. Kata Kunci : Hetbert Berg, Orientalis Hadis, Keotentikan Hadis.

Quranic Christology in Late Antiquity. ‘Isa ibn Maryam and His Divine Power (Energeia) in the Islamic Revelation

Christology and monotheism have been dogmatically linked in the long history of Islam-Christian dialogue since the beginning of the 8th century. The Qur’an, in an analytical perception of religious otherness, specifically in relation to Christianity, assumed a dual discernment: on the one hand, it adopts a sceptical position because Christians are assimilationist (2: 120, 135, 145; 5: 51), sectarian and made Jesus the son of God (4: 171; 5: 14–19, 73; 9: 30; 18: 4–5; 21: 26); on the other hand, they are commended over the Jews and ‘Isa ibn Maryam has been strengthened with the Holy Spirit by God himself (2: 59, 62, 87, 253; 3: 48; 5: 47, 73, 82, 85, 110). The importance of enforcing the consciousness of a Quranic Christology, specifically where it concerned the potential influence that Christological doctrines such as adoptionism and monoenergism had on early Islam in late antiquity, where it was based on the proto- Islamic understanding of Jesus, and where it was rooted in Patristic orthodox-unorthodox debates, fell into oblivion. How was the Quranic canonization process affected by the ongoing Christological debates of the 7th century? Could Heraclius’ monoenergism have played a concrete influence on Quranic Christology? And in which way did early Kalam debates on God’s speech and will remain linked to Quranic Christology?

The conversions of ʿAbdallāh ibn Salām (d. 43/633): A legendary moment in the biography of Muḥammad's Jewish companion

The Jewish scholar ʿAbdallāh b. Salām is a legendary figure from early Islam who is regarded in Islamic tradition as the archetypal Jewish convert to Islam during the Prophet's career, the pre-eminent authority on Jewish scriptures in seventh-century Arabia, and a renowned Companion. This study examines the traditions on Ibn Salām's conversion that were recorded in the biographical literature and Quranic commentaries of classical Islam and identifies the literary tropes from Muḥammad's biography featured in these traditions. Scrutiny of the evidence shows that the reports on the date and circumstances of Ibn Salām's conversion were shaped by a number of factors, including, the biases of his descendants, Quranic exegesis, and anti-Jewish polemics. Ibn Salām's legendary conversion served as a vehicle for diverse groups of Muslims to promote their doctrines and supply the Prophet with Biblical legitimacy.