Operationalizing the distribution of oral HIV self-testing kits to men who have sex with men (MSM) in a highly homophobic environment: the Nigerian experience

Background Self-care health interventions are innovative approaches for improving health and achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Men who have sex with men (MSM) have been disproportionately affected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). In spite of this, stigma from healthcare workers has reportedly prevented MSM from accessing HIV testing in health facilities. This paper explored the operationalization of using key opinion leaders (KOLs) to distribute HIVST (HIV self-test) kits to MSM. This qualitative survey used a combination of in-depth interviews (IDI) with HIVST users and focus group discussions (FGDs) with KOLs to collect data three months after the distribution of the test kits by the KOLs. Thematic analysis of the data was carried out. Result Three themes were generated namely: KOLs serve as a trusted resource to promote and support HIVST for the MSM community; Skills and qualifications required for KOLs to effectively distribute and promote uptake of HIVST; and Effective strategies used to create demand and promote uptake of HIVST. Conclusion This study showed the practical steps involved in operationalizing KOL support system distribution of HIVST that positively influenced the testing experience for the participants irrespective of the HIV status and engagement in care. KOLs are a reliable resource to leverage for ensuring that HIV self-test kit is utilized and HIV positive individuals are linked to treatment and care in homophobic environments.

INCREASING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN MAINTAINING CLEANLINESS AND HEALTH TO REALIZE COMFORTABLE TOURISM VILLAGE IN THE VILLAGE OF RINDU HATI

A clean and healthy tourist village is the main attraction for visitors because the beautiful and clean environment makes visitors feel comfortable. Based on the results of the FGD conducted by the University of Bengkulu LPPM in the village of Rindu Hati, several problems were found, such as the cleanliness of the village, the absence of a garbage disposal site. This of course can cause various problems for visitors and the community, one of which can affect public health and the environment. Efforts that can be made are the Guidance of Clean and Healthy Life Behavior (PHBS). The purpose of this community service activity is to provide education to the Rindu Hati village community so that they can maintain environmental cleanliness and health through the proper and correct application of PHBS, increase community knowledge and skills in managing household waste and environmental waste, and improve community skills in disease management. environmental impacts and independently in preventing and overcoming the health problems it faces. The methods used are: health education about waste management, training to utilize waste. The participants who took part in this activity were 50 people consisting of environmental groups, PKK cadres, health cadres, village officials, and housewives. The results of this community service activity show an increase in community participation in maintaining environmental cleanliness and health, this can be seen from the community's ability to implement PHBS and utilize waste that has economic value.

Community capacity building based on local wisdom through the management of the Brontokusuman tourism village, Yogyakarta

Cultural values must be strengthened as part of local wisdom by increasing community capacity in the management and innovation of tourist attractions. Cultural activities in Dewa Bronto Tourism Village have been running for some time, but their management is still subpar. The community does strongly support tourism activities, but community participation in managing the potential of tourist villages remains low. This service activity aims to increase community involvement in managing the cultural event of Dewa Bronto Tourism Village in Brontokusuman Village through an empowerment approach. Mentoring activities are carried out at various stages of socialization, tourism village management training, tourism product management, and marketing the potential of tourist villages. Implementing community service activities has the potential to increase knowledge, community skills, and form awareness and independence in the management of tourist villages, particularly cultural events. Implementing the program has the potential to increase knowledge, community skills, and form awareness and independence in the management of tourist villages, particularly cultural events. This is demonstrated by the community's active participation in organizing cultural events on its own. Furthermore, the community participated in cultural-themed tourism competitions at the Yogyakarta City level.

Assistance in Processing Household Plastic Waste into Ecobricks at Medas Harmony Housing, West Lombok

Household waste contributes to the volume of waste. In general, household waste is easily biodegradable and difficult to decompose. Household products that are hard to decompose are generally plastic and plastic bottles predominantly. The difficulty of decomposing household plastic waste requires serious handling, so it is necessary to provide assistance for processing plastic waste into useful creations. One of them becomes ecobric. There are two methods of this activity, namely direct counseling and training. The results obtained after the community service activities were completed was that they were able to improve community skills in processing plastic waste into ecobrics. Furthermore, ecobrics are created into potted plants and other forms of creation. In addition, after this activity is carried out, it can reduce the movement of plastic waste to the final disposal site (TPA), so that the community hopes that this activity will continue to be transmitted to other places to create a clean and free environment from plastic waste.

Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Curug Kecamatan Gunung Sindur Kabupaten Bogor Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Kerupuk Ikan Lele

Community partnership program activities aim to assist the Family Welfare and Empowerment Team (TP-PKK) in implementing community empowerment programs through training activities on making crackers as processed catfish products, and as an effort to realize community economic improvement. The problems faced by partners are (1) there is no effort to utilize the potential of catfish cultivation into food products, (2) there is still a lack of community skills in making catfish processed food products, and (3) processed catfish products have not been maximized as a community business pilot. The method used to achieve the goal is to provide socialization, training and assistance in making catfish crackers. The results obtained from this activity, namely the knowledge and skills of partners increase and are able to create businesses that have an impact on improving the community's economy.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Eco-Friendly Detergen Daun Balik Angin (Alphitonia Excelsa) pada Kelompok Ibu-ibu di Desa Mandi Angin

Special Purpose Forest Area (KHDTK) Lambung Mangkurat University is a forest area with types of plants and trees. KHDTK is close to residential areas. The existence of community activities around KHDTK will indirectly have an impact on the sustainability of KHDTK. The community activities that impact KHDTK are bathing, washing, and latrine activities (MCK). This community activity provides insight into the impact of using chemical detergents on health and the environment, as well as increasing community empowerment around the KHDTK area in processing natural resources in the form of processing leaves into environmentally friendly detergents. The implementation method consists of two steps, the first step is counseling, and the second step is the preparation of eco-friendly detergents. Counseling carried out by providing knowledge about the impact of synthetic detergents and the manufacture of environmentally friendly detergents. In this activity, the active ingredients used are balik angin leaves because these leaves contain saponins. Leaves balik angin extraction using the infusion method. The results of the evaluation of the activities showed an increase in public knowledge about the impact of synthetic detergents on the environment and an increase in community skills in making environmentally friendly detergents. This activity is very useful in increasing the knowledge and skills of the community.

Communities of skill in the age of capitalism: Handloom weavers in twentieth-century United Provinces, India

The role of skills has been eclipsed in the transition from an agrarian-craft economy rooted in hand-labour in small households to a modern political economy where productive work takes place outside the household, in offices and factories. Yet the ideological erasure of skilled work should not be confused with its actual disappearance. Precisely because such work was typically construed as private and unimportant, the embedded hierarchies and skills that shaped the handloom weaving industry in the North Indian province of United Provinces under colonial rule could escape systematic conversion to capitalist structures. Skill as human capital constituted the capitalist labour processes in the modern handloom industry, not as an abstract act, but as a historical experience. Handloom workers were reproduced, generationally, socially, and hierarchically, through the passing on of skilled labour within the unorganized informal sector of handloom weaving. Thus the stuff of community skills should move beyond its projection as either ‘endangered’ or ‘regressive’ to explore its access to capitalist structures and the exploitative networks that contain, transmit, and enable the production of skills.

PEMANFAATAN DAUN KELOR SEBAGAI CAMPURAN OLAHAN MAKANAN DAN MENGANTISIPASI VIRUS COVID-19

Moringa leaves can be processed in various food and beverage products such as clear vegetables, juice, omelette, chips, nastar, donuts, bakwan and Moringa leaf noodles. In addition, Moringa leaves can be processed as herbal froods. Currently, with the covid-19 pandemic conditions around the world, many alternative herbal ingredients are consumed by the public to increase body nutrition in order to prevent transmission of the virus, one of which is Moringa leaves. Moringa plants are high in nutrients, such as vitamin C, calcium, vitamin A, potassium, and protein. The purpose of implementing this KKN activity is to provide information and, to provide assistance to the community in utilizing Moringa plants to prevent Covid-19, as well as to improve community skills in making Moringa herbal food to prevent Covid-19. This KKN was held at the in Air Joman Village, with a series of activities including the socialization of the importance of Moringa leaves, the preparation of raw materials for making herbal moringa foods, and the practice of manufacturing Moringa leaf herbal food products. The results of this activity were the socialization of the use of Moringa leaves as a way to increase immunity in order to prevent viruses and the practice of making Moringa leaf tea with village head, students and lecturers at Air Joman Village. Keywords: herbal food; moringa leaves; prevents covid-19

The Role of a Community Learning Centre in Fostering the Community's Social Entrepreneurship Character and Motivation in Facing New Normal Era

This study explored the role of a Community Learning Center (CLC) in fostering the community’s social entrepreneurship character and motivation in facing the economic challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was an empirical examination of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship. The descriptive method was used; the data were gathered through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 5 CLC managers and from secondary data. The results showed that the CLC designs programs, such as holding training to instil an entrepreneurial mindset and improve community skills. The CLC also provides personal assistance in starting a social entrepreneurship business through coaching and providing venture capital. Furthermore, the CLC provides free public classes on tackling the problems of modern social entrepreneurship. It carries out programs specifically designed to motivate people to face challenges and expand social entrepreneurship businesses. We identified the role of the CLC as a forum for socialization and for providing mentoring classes with successful speakers in the field of entrepreneurship as an effort to foster the character and motivation of the community to start social entrepreneurship. Keywords: Role of Community Learning Center, Social Entrepreneurship Character and Motivation, nonformal education

Pendampingan Pembuatan Kompor Energi Alternatif Berbahan Bakar Limbah Serbuk Kayu dan Sekam Padi di Kelurahan TPU Keramat Cereme Taba Lubuklinggau

Based on the observations we made in the TPU Keramat Cereme Taba Village, which is part of the area in Lubuklinggau City, most of the people make a living as wood craftsmen and farmers often cause problems, namely the increasing number of piles of sawdust and rice husks that have not been handled, then the high gas elpigi because it is difficult to find and the community. The goal is to manufacture energy-efficient stoves fueled by sawdust and rice husk waste as a solution to overcome waste. The method of implementing the activities is in the form of lectures, demonstrations and direct practicums. The implementation time is March to June 2021. The target of this activity is youth and women in the village. Evaluation of the increase in participants' knowledge was carried out by pre- and post-test after socialization. The evaluation of participants' skills was carried out during a direct demonstration of stove making. The results of the PKM implementation showed success because there was an increase in knowledge of around 87.5 percent, namely (a) an increase in participants' knowledge about the usefulness of sawdust and rice husk waste by 89 percent. (b) Increased knowledge during media demonstrations about the efficiency of sawdust and rice husk stoves (KOKADI) compared to Elpigi Gas Stoves by 87 percent. (c) Increased knowledge of KOKADI stove maintenance techniques by 88 percent. And (d) Improving community skills regarding the manufacture of KOKADI stoves by 86 percent. This service activity is classified as successful, with an average increase of more than 70 percent, which is an increase of around 87.5 percent. All participants attended PKM activities starting from the opening, the benefits of sawdust and rice husk waste, simulating the manufacture of KOKADI stoves, and observing directly the process of comparing the efficiency of KOKADI with Elpigi gas stoves (KGE).