Constant Communication for Community Engagement Through Responsible Leadership to Manage the Pandemic

The aim of this research was to study how community engagement using constant communication can be utilized to manage pandemic though responsible leadership. This study focuses on India's experience of community engagement and responsible leadership demonstrated by national leaders, especially Prime Minister (PM) Mr. Narendra Modi using his constant communication as one of the strategies. Data of Indian citizens through various online communities has been analyzed through qualitative analysis called netnography, which is an extension of ethnography. Based on this methodology, thematic analysis has been carried out. Constant communication as one of the themes helps responsible leaders in managing pandemic-level crises. This research also develops conceptual model as a research outcome to be more specific in terms of communication among communities through a leader. Nations struggling to manage pandemic can get more social and economic relief if such crises could have been managed through responsible leadership through his constant communication.

Performing Crisis Management: National Repertoires of Symbolic Action and Their Usage during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Europe

The role of the symbolic is often overlooked in the public policy literature. Yet, it is a key component of public action, particularly in crisis management. During the Covid-19 pandemic, all democratic states needed to carry out cognitive and emotional work to persuade their citizens to show solidarity and comply with heavy restrictions. The near-simultaneous occurrence of the pandemic’s first wave (March–May 2020) allows us to compare the patterns of symbolic crisis management across four European countries (France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom). Our analysis finds significant variation in governments’ usage of the symbolic. We analyse leaders’ performances (wordcraft and stagecraft) as they try to reassure citizens, unite the nation, and legitimise themselves and their decisions. Our article shows not only that national leaders pay great attention to the symbolic in the management of crises, but also that their performances differ systematically in line with their personas and distinct national political cultures.

PEACE: Perception and Expectations toward Artificial Intelligence in Capsule Endoscopy

Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promising results in digestive endoscopy, especially in capsule endoscopy (CE). However, some physicians still have some difficulties and fear the advent of this technology. We aimed to evaluate the perceptions and current sentiments toward the use of AI in CE. An online survey questionnaire was sent to an audience of gastroenterologists. In addition, several European national leaders of the International CApsule endoscopy REsearch (I CARE) Group were asked to disseminate an online survey among their national communities of CE readers (CER). The survey included 32 questions regarding general information, perceptions of AI, and its use in daily life, medicine, endoscopy, and CE. Among 380 European gastroenterologists who answered this survey, 333 (88%) were CERs. The mean average time length of experience in CE reading was 9.9 years (0.5–22). A majority of CERs agreed that AI would positively impact CE, shorten CE reading time, and help standardize reporting in CE and characterize lesions seen in CE. Nevertheless, in the foreseeable future, a majority of CERs disagreed with the complete replacement all CE reading by AI. Most CERs believed in the high potential of AI for becoming a valuable tool for automated diagnosis and for shortening the reading time. Currently, the perception is that AI will not replace CE reading.

Coronavirus Pandemic: How National Leaders Framed Their Speeches to Fellow Citizens

It has perhaps never happened before that presidents or prime ministers of almost all countries have spoken to their citizens in so short a time on the same topic—COVID-19. When the scientific community did not have correct answers or adequate explanations for the questions that people and patients were asking, world leaders took up the gauntlet and spoke to their citizens. What did they tell them? What facts did they choose to dwell on, and how did they present them? How did they provide comfort and support? What offer did they make? We selected the speeches of leaders from five countries with the highest (nominal) GDP—the USA, China, Japan, Germany and India, and analysed it using a qualitative method—framing analysis. All the speeches except that of China’s were relatively short and contained four dominant frames: prevention-protection, the other, solidarity and hope and comfort. However, each leader’s address had a unique frame. The manner in which the leaders framed their arguments and announcements shows how they understand and construct the identity of their fellow citizens.

Serb unity talk will invite hostility from neighbours

Significance The new holiday is part of wider efforts by Serbia's leadership to encourage unity among Serbs in the region and promote the idea of a 'Serbian World' concept, where the precise meaning is kept vague. Impacts References to President Vucic as leader of a wider Serb community, not just Serbia, will be used as he seeks re-election. The 'Serbian World' provides a specific idea against which other national leaders can build counter-narratives. The region will be pulled in different directions between nationalist rhetoric and cooperative projects such as the Open Balkans Initiative.

National Leaders’ Usage of Twitter in Response to COVID-19: A Sentiment Analysis

Twitter is a powerful tool for world leaders to disseminate public health information and to reach citizens. While Twitter, like other platforms, affords world leaders the opportunity to rapidly present information to citizens, the discourse is often politically framed. In this study, we analysed how leaders’ of the Five Eyes intelligence sharing group use Twitter to frame the COVID-19 virus. Specifically, four research questions were explored: 1) How frequently did each leader tweet about COVID-19 in 2020? 2) Which frames emerged from tweet content of each leader regarding COVID-19? 3) What was the overall tweet valence of each leader regarding COVID-19? and 4) To what extent can leaders’ future tweets be predicted by the data? We used natural language processing (NLP) and conducted sentiment analysis via Python to identify frames and to compare the leaders’ messaging. Results showed that of the leaders, President Trump tweeted the most, with Prime Minister Morrison posting the least number of tweets. The majority of each leaders’ tweets were positive, while President Trump had the most negative tweets. Predictive modelling of tweet behavior was highly accurate.

Material Sources of Grand Strategy

This chapter outlines material sources of grand strategy, such as the relative power of a state, the polarity of the international system, the regional balance of power, geography, and technology. It argues that these material factors, reflecting the material environment within which states interact, set the table for grand strategy construction and, therefore, have a profound impact on grand strategy, although they do not completely determine grand strategy. The material setting sets the parameters within which national leaders make decisions and prioritize goals within a given set of national institutions and in a particular cultural context. Furthermore, we provide concrete empirical examples of the mechanisms through which these factors impact state grand strategy.

COVID-19 y seguridad regional. Macro-seguritización global, adaptaciones locales y dilemas de la cooperación latinoamericana

El presente artículo analiza las principales líneas en torno de las cuales se ha interpretado y utilizado la seguritización de la COVID-19 en América Latina. Partiendo de una comprensión de la seguritización que incorpora un diálogo entre lo local y lo global para interpretar el alcance concreto del proceso, se observan las formas variadas en que distintos países de la región adaptaron discursos seguritarios de alcance global. Para ello, se analizan las principales dinámicas globales de seguritización en torno de la COVID-19, las particularidades de sus principales contrapartes locales y las acciones extraordinarias legitimadas a partir de ellas. Se argumenta que las variaciones en las construcciones de la “amenaza pandémica” de los actores regionales, realizadas de manera aislada y leídas a través de marcos interpretativos distintos, son a la vez consecuencia y agravante de desacuerdos políticos entre mandatarios nacionales. De esta manera, se busca realizar un balance general que sirva de base para continuar debatiendo uno de los múltiples aspectos en que la actual pandemia ha afectado la seguridad regional. AbstractThis article analyses the main lines around which the securitization of COVID-19 has been interpreted and used in Latin America. Starting from an understanding of securitization that incorporates a dialogue between the local and the global to interpret the specific characteristics of the process, the investigation observes the varied ways in which different countries in the region have adapted global security discourses. The main global security dynamics around COVID-19, the particularities of its main local counterparts, and the extraordinary actions legitimized as a result of them are analysed. It is argued that the variations in the constructions of the “pandemic threat” by regional actors, carried out in isolation and read through different interpretive frameworks, are both a consequence and an aggravating factor of political disagreements between national leaders. In this way, the article seeks to make a general balance that serves as the basis for continuing the debate on the many aspects in which the current pandemic has affected regional security.

Saint Nicholai Velimirovich: Understanding of War and Peace

The author addresses two important issues in this paper. First, what is a man, and what makes a man great and globally-historically important? In the light of this issue, he writes about Saint Nicholai. The author asserts that the attributes of a great man are intellectual depth, the width of knowledge, the ability to reach God and ontological depths of the world, vails of time and historical human destiny through his action, creation, and writing. All men who are great deal with the issue of man, meaning of life, and inevitability of death. Great men dreamt of immortality in their own glorious ways. What is left behind these giants are permanent unsurpassed deeds and the power of ideas accepted in all ages. The author aims to highlight what makes a man great for his people and for humanity in total, and to what extent does St. Nicholai meet these strict and demanding conditions and criteria to be viewed as a great man; is he great for his people or even outside of these limits. In the second, main issue and part of the paper, the author examines the understanding of war and peace in Bishop Nicholai’s work War and the Bible. The focal point of the examination is the phenomenon of war and peace, and especially the perception of the Bishop’s biblical study of war and peace which differentiates his approach from many other approaches to the phenomenon of war. The theological perspective of the phenomenon of war and peace always implies that good and evil clash in war and peace, and that this conflict is planetary and omnipresent; some individuals are on the side of justness, providence, light, and sanctity of life, while others side with the dark line of life which signifies the rule of evil in our world. According to the author, war is God’s will, just as peace among men. Conflict and peace between nations, as well as spiritual harmony and dissonance in human souls, depend primarily on faith in the Lord. If one is in God’s grace victory is secure. We ought to be reminded of the Christian understanding that the support of all people to one man is futile if he stands against God — on the other hand, he fears nothing if the will of God is on his side, even if all people are against him. In his book, War and the Bible, Bishop Nicholai claims that even in modern times the Lord of Armies decides the victor of every war, just as it was in ancient times. He claims that in modern war, just like in old times, the sinfulness of nations and national leaders and deviation from God’s Laws inevitably brings defeat; in today’s wars, just like in ancient conflicts, justfulness of nations and their leaders brings victory. Bishop Nicholai’s key conclusion is that all wars, both ancient and modern, can only be understood and explained in a biblical light. He devoted his entire very valuable and useful work to this idea, over a hundred years ago.