EMOSEX – emotion prevails over sex during implicit judgment of faces

Appraisals can be influenced by cultural beliefs and stereotypes. In line with this, past research has shown that judgments about the emotional expression of a face are influenced by the face’s sex, and vice versa that judgments about the sex of a person somewhat depend on the person’s facial expression. For example, participants associate anger with male faces, and female faces with happiness or sadness. However, the strength and the bidirectionality of these effects remain debated. Moreover, the interplay of a stimulus’ emotion and sex remains mostly unknown in the auditory domain. To investigate these questions, we created a novel stimulus set of 121 avatar faces and 121 human voices (available at https://bit.ly/2JkXrpy) with matched, fine-scale changes along the emotional (happy to angry) and sexual (male to female) dimensions. In a first experiment (N=76), we found clear evidence for the mutual influence of facial emotion and sex cues on ratings, and moreover for larger implicit (task-irrelevant) effects of stimulus’ emotion than of sex. These findings were replicated and extended in two preregistered studies – one laboratory categorisation study using the same face stimuli (N=108; https://osf.io/ve9an), and one online study with vocalisations (N=72; https://osf.io/vhc9g). Overall, results show that the associations of maleness-anger and femaleness-happiness exist across sensory modalities, and suggest that emotions expressed in the face and voice cannot be entirely disregarded, even when attention is mainly focused on determining stimulus’ sex. We discuss the relevance of these findings for cognitive and neural models of face and voice processing.

An audit of foeticide, neonaticide and infanticide: A retrospective study in the Department of Forensic Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore

The deliberate killing of a foetus in the womb, or a child from the first 24 h of birth to one month of age, or within the first year of life, is called foeticide, neonaticide and infanticide, respectively. Socioeconomic stress, mental illness, gender selection, shame or fear of punishment of adultery or illegitimacy, grudge and jealousy with parents and negligent delivery by dai are major causative factors in such cases. This is a retrospective, descriptive, observational study, and the sample pool consisted of 35 cases. Foeticide cases were 42.9% of the total and the same percentage of cases were neonaticides, while 14.3% of cases were of infanticide. The male-to-female ratio was 1.26:1 and the major cause of death was head injury. The study shows a prevalence of foeticide and neonaticide as compared to infanticide. It also displays the prevalence of males in overall cases and a higher number of unknown cases in our setting.

The Networked Storyteller and Her Digital Tale: Film Festivals and Ann Hui’s 'My Way'

In cooperation with China’s Youku online channel, the Hong Kong International Film Festival Society commissioned Ann Hui to make a short film, My Way, to be part of an omnibus production, Beautiful 2012. In order to be considered for this commission, Hui needed to be acknowledged at international film festivals and be a recognized auteur known in the Asian region and beyond. Without Hui’s festival credentials and the reputation of the other directors in the curated production, the collected shorts would have little appeal to other programmers and distributors. Although she has famously resisted the label of “film auteur” in the past, Ann Hui undoubtedly stands as the most celebrated female director based in Hong Kong active before and after the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) in 1997.Given the length of her career as well as the impressive critical and scholarly attention her work has garnered, Hui serves as an exemplary case study of how film festivals play a vital role in the career of a Hong Kong female fiction film director. In the case of My Way, the festival circuit permits a specific type of production and digital distribution that enables Hui to craft a network narrative, which places the transition of its protagonist from male to female within a broader community connected through a shared gender identity. By analyzing Ann Hui’s presence at the festivals in Venice and Hong Kong, as well as the link between her festival exposure and her Internet success, My Way offers insight into the circuitous paths women filmmakers follow in order to tell their stories on transnational screens.

Estimating the Male to Female Ratio in Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Defining and Calculating the Biases and Finding the True Number of Girls.

The ratio of males to females with ASD is generally quoted as 4:1 though it is believed that there are biases preventing females being diagnosed and that the true ratio is lower. These biases have not been clearly identified or quantified. Starting with a clinical dataset of 1711 children <18 years old four different methods were employed in an inductive study to identify and quantify the biases and calculate the proportion of females missed. A mathematical model was constructed to compare the findings with current published data. The true male to female ratio appears to be 3:4. Eighty per cent of females remain undiagnosed at age 18 which has serious consequences for the mental health of young women.

A clinical and epidemiological study of non-venereal genital dermatoses: A cross-sectional, hospital-based study from Nepal

Background: Non-venereal genital dermatoses are the conditions of the genitalia that are not transmitted sexually. They may be confused with venereal diseases and be responsible for concerns among patients as well as diagnostic dilemmas for physicians. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and describe the patterns of non-venereal genital conditions. Methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional, prospective study conducted in a tertiary center in Kathmandu, Nepal, over a period of one year. Non-probability purposive sampling was employed to select the samples. Two hundred patients were enrolled in the study. Ethical approval was taken prior to the study. Detailed history taking along with a complete cutaneous examination were conducted for all patients and recorded in a preformed proforma. Results: Among 21366 patients, two hundred patients had non-venereal genital dermatoses. The prevalence of non-venereal dermatoses was 0.93 %. The mean age of the patient was 29.5 ± 15 years, ranging from 2 months to 81 years. The male-to-female ratio was 2.7:1. Itching was the most common presentation (46%). Fifty-four different types of non-venereal diseases were encountered and classified into inflammatory lesions (n = 84; 42%), infections and infestations (n = 43; 21.5%), normal variants and benign abnormalities (n = 41; 20.5%), and miscellaneous (n = 21; 10.5%). The most common were, among inflammatory dermatoses, drug reactions (11.5%) and eczema (6.5%) and, among infections and infestations, scabies (9.5%) and fungal infections (7.5%). Conclusion: Non-venereal genital dermatoses are important yet less common dermatological conditions. A number of patients have misconceptions about them as venereal. A comprehensive study of non-venereal dermatological genital conditions is required for careful management to minimize morbidity.

NORMAL PLANTAR FASCIA THICKNESS IN ADULT

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a common problem caused by thickening of the plantar fascia. The normal plantar fascia thickness ranged between 2-3 mm and it was generally accepted that value more than 4mm was considered pathologic. Objective: to identify normal plantar fascia thickness in adults using ultrasonography. Methods: This is a cross sectional study measuring the thickness of plantar fascia in 145 subjects with no history of heel pain. Plantar fascia thickness was measured in both feet using an ultrasound. Age, height and weight were recorded and analysed. Results: As much as 145 subjects were included in this study. Male to female ratio was 0.7. Mean age was 44 and body mass index (BMI) was mostly within normal range. Plantar fascia thickness in male was 2.71 ± 0.48 mm in right foot, and 2.74 ± 0.47 mm in left foot. Fascia thickness in female was 2.55 ± 0.50 mm in right foot, and 2.57 ± 0.45 mm in left foot. There was a significant plantar fascia thickness difference between male and female (p = 0.035 in right foot, and p=0.04 in left foot). Age, weight and BMI had a significant correlation towards plantar fascia thickness. In multivariate analysis, age and BMI revealed to have a linear correlation to plantar fascia thickness Conclusion: Age and BMI were found to be the best predictive factor of plantar fascia thickness.

The Effect of China’s Two-Child Policy on the Child Sex Ratio: Evidence From Shanghai, China

Objective: The bias towards males at birth has resulted in a major imbalance in the Chinese sex ratio that is often attributed to China’s one-child policy. Relaxation of the one-child policy has the potential to reduce the imbalance in the sex ratio away from males. In this study, we assessed whether the bias towards males in the child sex ratio was reduced as a result of the two-child policy in China. Medical records data from one large municipal-level obstetrics hospital in Shanghai, East China. Design: Matching and difference-in-differences (MDID) techniques were used to investigate the effect of the two-child policy on the imbalance in the sex ratio at birth after matching for pregnancy status and socioeconomic factors. Results: Analyzing 133,358 live births suggest that the relaxation of the one-child policy had a small, but statistically significant effect in reducing the imbalance in the male to female sex ratio at birth. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that relaxation of the one-child policy reduced the imbalance in the male to female sex ratio at birth from 1.10 to 1.05 over the study period at one of the major obstetrics and gynecology hospitals in China.

PENGUATAN ODHA TRANSPUAN KOTA DENPASAR DAN BULELENG DALAM KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT PEDULI WARIA

ABSTRACT This workshop on strengthening Transwomen with HIV/Aids (ODHAT) started from the issue of discrimination that often afflicts the LGBT and ODHATgroups. Transgender women or better known as waria are gender transfers from male to female. They are often embarrassed or humiliated to take part in society {especially for ODHA (People with HIV/Aids)}. In the city of Singaraja, Wargas have been formed as Transwomen organization that is actively developing their social and cultural capital in the community. Denpasar City has three units of official outreach institutions for LGBT, namely Gaya Dewata, Kerti Praja Foundation and Spirit Paramacita. The number of Transwomen with ODHA in Denpasar City is estimated at 40 people and in Singaraja City it is estimated at 11 people. They need to be protected from the stigma of society in other reachable and social media so that their communication patterns are more conducive and the community is more accepting of their existence. The 5-hour Tengkuluk Lelunakan make-up training was carried out by presenting the Warcan and Perwaron groups at Salon Agung on July 13, 2019. Ibu Agung as a salon owner who is famous for Payas Agung and Tengkuluk Lelunakan has facilitated them to learn tengkuluk lelunakan make-up. Denpasar city transgender groups are facilitated to perform in cultural events or other festivals, as has been done by Wargas in Singaraja city. However, correspondence with the Head of the Bali Provincial Culture Service in the office and with the initiator of the Sanur Village Festival at the Griya Santrian hotel has not produced results. The tengkuluk Lelunakan workshop for transwomen with ODHA aims to make the community accept them and finally be able to get access to various facilities to perform in public areas, especially in festivals in the city of Denpasar. Keywords: transwomen, ODHAT, LGBT discrimination, Denpasar, Singaraja

Prevalence of Kidney Stones Among Patients Presenting to Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral Hospital

Background Nephrolithiasis is a condition of having stones in the kidneys, which progressively lead to loss of renal function if untreated properly.1 The prevalence and incidence of kidney stones is increasing across the world.2 Methods A retrospectively collected data of kidney stone disease was reviewed on patients who visited the outpatient department of Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012. Results Out of 30,335 patients 173 were confirmed to have stones making them 0.5%. Generally results show male predominance with male to female ratio of 2.46:1. Results also show prevalence decreases as age increases with the highest among the age group 15-25 making a prevalence rate of 27.7% with observed significance of 0.002. Out of those patients who visited the outpatient department patients from Zoba Maekel were the highest in number (59.9%) followed by Debub (19.1%) while the southern Red Sea Zone had the lowest prevalence (2.3%). Majority of the stones were found on the kidney comprising about 80.3%, followed by ureter 16.8% of patients and 2.9% stones were located on the bladder. When data was reviewed for associated co morbidity only one patient had associated Diabetes mellitus and Hypertension, three had ectopic kidney(1.7%), one had renal cyst (0.6%) and 12 (6.9%) patients were complicated with hydronephrosis. (P=0.548) Conclusions The prevalence of kidney stone in Orotta Medical Surgical National Referral hospital from January to December 2012 is 0.5%, with higher predominance in men than in women with a ratio of 2.46:1.

Aquatain® Causes Anti-Oviposition, Egg Retention, Oocyte Melanization and Triggers Female Death in Ae. Aegypti

Background: In arboviral disease systems where the virus can be transmitted from male to female and from one generation to the next, targeting the female (especially when she is pregnant) can help alter the persistence of the virus in nature and its transmission. This is typical of Ae. aegypti, which has been unmanageable due to the development of insecticide resistance. Despite evidence that monomolecular surface films prevent the selection of genetic resistance, their potential in Aedes vector control remains largely unexplored. Methods: We examined the oviposition, egg retention, oocyte melanization, and female mortality of the Cayman Islands strain of Ae. aegypti, using choice and no-choice bioassays involving Aquatain® Mosquito Formulation (AMF). Results: When presented with similar opportunities to oviposit in two sites treated with AMF and two others with water (control), egg deposition rates were significantly higher in water than in oil presence. We also observed a matching pattern of egg deposition preference in arenas with more options in AMF-treated sites. Females laid appreciably more eggs when water was the only available medium than when all sites were treated with AMF. Also, considerably more mature eggs were withheld in the AMF no-choice arena than in the no-choice test involving only water. Internal oocyte melanization was not observed in females from the oviposition arenas with the lowest oil presence (equal-choice and water-based no-choice); in contrast, this physiological response intensified as the number of AMF-treated sites increased. Female death occurred at high rates in AMF-treated environments, and this response increased with the increasing presence of such egg deposition sites. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that AMF acted as a deterrent signal to ovipositing Ae. aegypti and an indirect adulticide. Referring to its previously reported direct toxicity on the aquatic stages of this mosquito and its biodegradability, AMF should be incorporated as a critical component in integrated control strategies for dengue and related diseases.