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Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Lorena Desdentado ◽  
Jaime Navarrete ◽  
María Folgado-Alufre ◽  
Ana de Blas ◽  
Jéssica Navarro-Siurana ◽  
...  

Disturbances in eating behaviors have been widely related to obesity. However, little is known about the role of obesity-related biomarkers in shaping habitual patterns of eating behaviors (i.e., eating styles) in childhood. The objective of the present study was to explore the relationships between several biomarkers crucially involved in obesity (ghrelin, insulin resistance, and leptin/adiponectin ratio) and eating styles in children and adolescents with obesity. Seventy participants aged between 8 and 16 (56.2% men) fulfilled the Spanish version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children to measure external, emotional, and restrained eating styles. In addition, concentrations of ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and glucose were obtained through a blood test. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for age and sex were computed for each eating style. Results indicated that individuals with higher ghrelin concentration levels showed lower scores in restrained eating (β = −0.61, p < 0.001). The total model explained 32% of the variance of the restrained pattern. No other relationships between obesity-related biomarkers and eating behaviors were found. This study highlights that one of the obesity-risk factors, namely lower plasma ghrelin levels, is substantially involved in a well-known maladaptive eating style, restraint eating, in childhood obesity.


Author(s):  
Milutina K.L. ◽  
Harahulia A.O.

Purpose. The research concerns the problem of choosing an individual eating style and identifying possible psychological factors of choosing an eating style by a person. Methods. To achieve this purpose theoretical methods were used: analysis of psychological literature and generalization of psychological dates; empirical methods: Kugler-Jones guilt questionnaire, J. Rotter’s “Locus of Control” method, methods of mathematical and statistical processing and visualization of empirical data: one-way analysis of variance.Results. The results of an empirical study of psychological characteristics, in particular the features of guilt and personal responsibility in people with different eating styles. The sample was 80 people. Respondents were people aged 20 to 45 with different eating styles: traditional, healthy, alternative and interval. The traditional diet meant the consumption of food, characteristic of the culture of the subjects, healthy eating – strict restrictions on food consumption (calories, the ratio of macro- and micro-elements in the diet, restriction of harmful products and sugar), alternative (complete rejection of certain products or Interval or intermittent – alternation between meals, fasting for a day or several days. The greatest experience of guilt as a condition is inherent in people with a choice of alternative, healthy and interval eating styles. That is, people who choose a style of eating with certain restrictions have a fairly high, compared to the traditional style of eating emotional reaction to a particular behavior that may be contrary to their personal moral principles. The highest prevalence of guilt as a trait in people who follow a healthy and alternative diet. Such people have an emotional attitude, which is associated with responsibility for violating personal moral principles. Such specificity of guilt presupposes that such individuals are more likely to adhere to such severe restrictions on food consumption.Conclusions. It was researched the problem of choosing an individual eating style and identifying possible psychological factors of choosing an eating style by a person. Representatives of the traditional style of eating are attracted to the external locus of control, in contrast to the representatives of a healthy, alternative diet, which is characterized by an internal locus of control. At the same time, people with interval nutrition showed the same manifestation of both internal and external locus of personality control.Key words: orthorexia, eating styles, guilt, locus of control, morality. Мета. Дослідити проблему вибору індивідуального стилю харчування та виявлення можливих психологічних факторів вибору стилю харчування особистістю. Методи. Для реалізації цієї мети було використано теоретичні методи: аналіз психологічної літератури та узагальнення психологічних даних із проблеми дослідження, емпіричні: опитувальник провини Куглера-Джонс, методика «Локус-контролю» Дж. Роттера, методи математично-статистичної обробки та візуалізації емпіричних даних: однофакторний дисперсійний аналіз.Результати. Представлено результати емпіричного дослідження психологічних характеристик, зокрема особливостей прояву почуття провини та особистісної відповідальності в осіб з різним стилем харчування. Вибірка становила 80 осіб. Респондентами виступили особи віком від 20-ти до 45-ти років із різним стилем харчування: традиційним, здоровим, альтернативним та інтервальним. Під традиційним харчуванням малося на увазі споживання їжі, характерної для культури досліджуваних, під здоровим харчуванням – дотримання чітких обмежень у споживанні страв (калорійність, співвідношення макро- та мікроелементів у раціоні, обмеження шкідливих продуктів та цукру), альтернативним – повна відмова від певних продуктів або способів приготування їжі. Інтервальне або переривчасне – чергування між прийомами їжі, голодування протягом дня або кількох днів. Найбільше переживання провини як стану притаманне людям із вибором альтернативного, здоро-вого та інтервального стилів харчування. Тобто у людей, які вибирають стиль харчування з певними обмеженнями, виявлено досить високу, порівняно із представниками традиційного стилю харчування, емоційну реакцію на конкретну поведінку, яка може суперечити їхнім особистісним моральним прин-ципам. Найбільше переважає високий рівень переживання провини як риси у людей, які дотримуються здорового та альтернативного способу харчування. У таких осіб існує емоційна установка, яка пов’я-зана з відповідальністю за порушення особистісних моральних принципів. Така специфічність переживання почуття провини зумовлює те, що такі особистості з більшою ймовірністю можуть дотриму-ватися таких жорстких обмежень у споживанні їжі.Висновки. Досліджено особливості вибору індивідуального стилю харчування та виявлено мож-ливі психологічні фактори вибору стилю харчування. Представникам традиційного стилю харчування приманний екстернальний локус контролю на відміну від представників здорового, альтернативного харчування, яким притаманний інтернальний локус контролю. Причому в осіб з інтервальним харчуванням виявлено однаковий прояв як інтернального, так і екстернального локус контролю особистості.Ключові слова: орторексія, стилі харчування, провина, локус контролю, мораль.


2021 ◽  
Vol 123 (13) ◽  
pp. 561-578
Author(s):  
Cecilia Pasquinelli ◽  
Mariapina Trunfio ◽  
Simona Rossi

PurposeThis study aims to frame the authenticity–standardisation relationship in international gastronomy retailing and explores how and to what extent the food place of origin and the urban context in which the gastronomy stores are located shape customers' in-store experience.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses the case of Eataly, which combines specialty grocery stores and restaurants disseminating the Italian eating style, quality food and regional traditions internationally. Facebook reviews (1,018) of four Eataly stores – New York City, Rome, Munich and Istanbul were analysed, adopting a web content mining approach.FindingsPlace of origin, quality and hosting city categories frame the gastronomic in-store experience. Standardisation elements (shared across the four analysed stores) and authenticity elements (specific to a single store) are identified towards defining three archetypical authenticity–standardisation relationships, namely originated authenticity, standardised authenticity and localised authenticity.Originality/valueThis study proposes original modelling that disentangles the authenticity–standardisation paradox in international gastronomy retailing. It provides evidence of the intertwining of the place of origin and the city brand in customers' in-store experience.


Author(s):  
И.А. Бавыкина

Целью данного исследования было выявление различий в наличии и тяжести гастроэнтерологических жалоб у пациентов с расстройствами аутистического спектра в зависимости от стиля питания. В исследование включены родители 138 детей с данным диагнозом, 30 из которых привержены к соблюдению безглютеновой диеты более 6 месяцев. Возраст детей составлял от 3 до 15 лет. Дети были разделены на 2 группы в зависимости от стиля питания. Первую группу составили 30 пациентов, придерживающихся безглютеновой диеты, во вторую включены 108 человек, не имеющих ограничений в питании. У каждого второго ребенка с расстройствами аутистического спектра выявлены значимые рецидивирующие гастроэнтерологические жалобы (52,8%, 73 из 138). Дети, соблюдающие безглютеновую диету, имеют меньше гастроэнтерологических жалоб, и они являются более редкими, кратковременными, эпизодическими, не нарушающими состояния ребенка, в то время как у детей, не приверженных к использованию диетотерапии, жалобы чаще носят персистирующий и рецидивирующий характер. Диарея и вздутие живота беспокоят детей на безглютеновой диете чаще. Наиболее распространенной жалобой в обеих группах является наличие тошноты (63,3% vs 62,9%). Дети, не имеющие ограничений в питании, имеют более широкий круг жалоб, среди них: избирательность в еде, запах изо рта, наличие непереваренных частиц пищи в кале. Перед включением безглютеновой диеты в курс терапевтических мероприятий при расстройствах аутистического спектра необходимы консультация гастроэнтеролога и проведение клинического обследования с целью уточнения наличия пищевой непереносимости у ребенка. Objective. To identify differences in the presence and severity of gastroenterological complaints in patients with ASD, depending on the eating style. Methods. The study included parents of 138 children diagnosed with ASD, 30 of whom are committed to HD for more than 6 months. The children ranged in age from 3 to 15 years. The children were divided into 2 groups depending on their eating style. The first group consisted of 30 patients who adhere to HD, the second included 108 people who do not have dietary restrictions.Results. Every second child with ASD had significant recurrent gastroenterological complaints (52,8%, 73 out of 138). Children who adhere to HDG have fewer gastroenterological complaints, and they are more rare, short-term, episodic, not violating the child's condition, while children who are not committed to using diet therapy, complaints are more often persistent and recurrent. Diarrhoea and bloating bother children on HD more often. The most common complaint in both groups is nausea (63,3% vs 62,9%). Children who do not have dietary restrictions have a wider range of complaints, among them: selectivity in food, bad breath. The presence of undigested food particles in the feces. Conclusion. Before including HD in the course of therapeutic measures for ASD, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist and conduct a clinical examination to clarify the presence of food intolerance in the child.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Alva Supit ◽  
Agusteivie Telew ◽  
Nancy Bawiling

Minahasa is a Christian-majority region in the Muslim-majority country of Indonesia.  Most of the Minahasan people are meat consumers, with an increased consumption rate during festive seasons.  Unfortunately, during these seasons, the consumption of non-cattle animals such as wild animals also increases.  This eating style was reported to be related to the high prevalence of metabolic diseases in this area.  In this paper, we report the effort of the largest church organization in Minahasa to promote healthy eating habits among its congregation, which comprises the majority of the society of the region.  More recently, the church has also been incorporating the values of wild animal conservation in its programs in collaboration with a local non-government organization.  This ongoing unique phenomenon might serve as a unique example of how a church organization can be involved in public and planetary health as a part of its mission to preach the gospel to every creature.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Zafirah Mohd Nor ◽  
Abdul Rashid Abdullah ◽  
Rosita Jamaluddin ◽  
Hazrina Ghazali

The collaboration between the Malaysian education and health ministry introduced a school healthy eating policy, where there was a requirement for food and drinks provided within the boarding schools to conform to standards based on macronutrients and energy content. The aim of the present study was to explore the experience of implementing a school healthy eating policy to inform the compliance of such policies being implemented into practices in the boarding school foodservice setting. A qualitative approach was used, with in-depth interviews exploring informants' involvement in, experiences of, factors affecting, and perceived outcomes of policy implementation. Interviews were conducted with fifteen teachers involves in administering the implementation of the school's healthy eating policy. Results were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Perceived challenges to implementation of school healthy eating policy included: students’ eating preferences, students’ eating style, unchanged menu cycle selections, and unhealthy choices of canteen menu. Teachers’ recommendations for successful implementation of policy to be well-practiced in real situations included: enhancement in nutritional education, revise menu, create a conducive healthy eating environment and limit the hours to the canteen. Participants identified that successful policy implementation hinged on the provision of resources and support by the government to the school stakeholders. Implementing a healthy eating policy within the boarding school setting benefits from dedicated resourcing, investment in relationship building with various stakeholders, and introducing changes gradually with a long-term approach.


Appetite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 105082
Author(s):  
Helen Coulthard ◽  
Maxine Sharps ◽  
Louise Cunliffe ◽  
Annemieke van den Tol

Psico ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. e35452
Author(s):  
Roberto Decker ◽  
Marcelle Matiazo Pinhatti ◽  
Thiago Gomes DeCastro ◽  
Lisiane Bizarro

Emotional Eating (EE) is defined as eating under the influence of negative emotions, and is associated with Eating Disorders, impulsivity, depression and weight gain. However, previous literature is not clear regarding how these variables explain EE. The present study aimed to identify predictors of EE and its relationship to impulsivity, depression, eating style, and weight status in young adults. Sex differences in eating style were examined, and differences in EE between obese/overweight and normal/underweight individuals were tested. Two-hundred college students completed online questionnaires assessing all variables. Low inhibitory control, depression symptoms, female sex, and higher body mass index significantly predicted scores on EE. Obese/overweight and female participants presented increased EE. Correlation analysis evidenced positive associations between EE, Uncontrolled Eating, body mass, and low inhibitory control. Results indicate that EE is related to psychological factors such as impulsivity and depression, and to biological factors, such as sex and body mass.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Cristian Neira ◽  
Rejane Godinho ◽  
Fabio Rincón ◽  
Rodrigo Mardones ◽  
Janari Pedroso

Confinement at home, quarantine, and social distancing are some measures adopted worldwide to prevent the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), which has been generating an important alteration in the routines and qualities of life of people. The impact on health is still being evaluated, and consequences in the nutritional field are not entirely clear. The study objective was to evaluate the current evidence about the impact that preventive measures of physical contact restriction causes in healthy nutrition. A systematic review was carried out according to the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” PRISMA Group and Cochrane method for rapid systematic reviews. Searching was performed in six electronic databases and evaluated articles published between 2010 and 2020, including among their participants adult subjects who had been exposed to the preventive measures of physical contact restriction. Seven studies met the selection criteria and reported an overall increase in food consumption, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and a change in eating style. Findings suggest that healthy nutrition is affected by preventive measures to restrict physical contact as a result of the COVID-19 syndemic.


Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Lelia Voinea ◽  
Dorin Vicențiu Popescu ◽  
Teodor Mihai Negrea ◽  
Răzvan Dina

Currently, most countries have to deal with multiple discrepancies that have arisen between the constraints of sustainable development and the return to traditions, involving food producers, as well as consumers, aspects that are also easily noticed in Romania. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional quality of the Romanian traditional diet using a nutrient profiling method based on the Nutri-Score algorithm, applied to several representative Romanian traditional dishes. Because this algorithm has the capacity to highlight the amount (%) of fruits, vegetables, and nuts from a certain dish, it might be considered an indicator of the sustainable valences of the selected meals. The results showed that the traditional menus do not correspond to a balanced and sustainable eating behavior; thus, it is recommended to improve the Romanian pattern of food consumption and to ensure its sustainable basis. In order to achieve this goal, we propose the development of a new paradigm of the contemporary Romanian food style incorporating three main directions of action: acceptance, adaptation, and transformation.


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