MEKANISME LEGISLATIVE REVIEW PERATURAN PEMERINTAH PENGGANTI UNDANG-UNDANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF POLITIK HUKUM

With the issuance of Constitutional Court decision No. 138/PUU-VII/2009, a legal conflict arises between the Parliament and Constitutional Court, regarding which state institution possess the authority to review any Government Regulation in lieu of Law. Both institutions declared themselves to be having the sole authority to do just that. The author, using a juridical normative approach, suggest otherwise. In the auhtor’s opinion, it is the Parliament who should be regarded as having the sole authority. This said taking into consideration that – as soon as the emergency justifung the issuance of the government regulation in lieu of legislation ends – both the government and the parliament shall as soon as possible convene to determine whether this government regulation should be declared null and void or elevated to the status of Law.

Challenges in the context of single-use plastics and bioplastics in Brazil: A legislative review

Plastic has been present in our lives for the past century as an essential material for many commodity items. However, the same properties that make plastic convenient are also responsible for the current dramatic environmental pollution. As an alternative, most of the world has been working with technological innovations, and one of its strategies is the use of bioplastics. Despite being considered environmentally beneficial by some people, there are still developments and discussions that need to be made. This article aims to present a legislative review and discusses the difficulty in implementing policies related to the incentive of the bioplastics market, as well as presenting some state and municipal laws, already prohibiting single-use plastics in Brazil. These laws aim to encourage the substitution of these plastics for biodegradable ones. However, it still has gaps and a lack of clarification on how the banning of disposable plastics and their substitution will be beneficial since composting is still an incipient process in the country. It is also the purpose of this article to discuss the challenges in the context of the Circular Economy, as well as the potential solution based on the creation of public policies aimed at improving waste management, in addition to clearer legislation on alternatives to single-use plastics.

PERUBAHAN NON-FORMAL KONSTITUSI DI INDONESIA PASCA-REFORMASI BERDASARKAN PEMIKIRAN FAJRUL FALAAKH

Perubahan-perubahan Konstiusi yang ada di Indonesia Pasca-Reformasi menjadi hal yang sangat menarik untuk dibahas mulai dari perubahan Amandemen secara formal dan perubahan nonformal yang perubahannya tanpa mengubah naskah konstitusi yang bersangkutan. Amandemen secara formal (formal amendment) hanyalah salah satu cara mengubah konstiusi. Perubahan dapat pula terjadi secara nonformal (informal change, informal amendment), yaitu perubahan konstitusi tanpa mengubah naskah konstitusi yang bersangkutan atau perubahan “di luar naskah konstitusi” (buiten de grodwet). Norma-norma konstitusi dapat berubah ketika diatur lebih lanjut dalam undang-undang oleh legislatif, atau ditafsirkan oleh hakim untuk menentukan hukum bagi suatu perkara yang diadilinya. FF menyumbang hasil penelitian dalam bukunya “Pertumbuhan dan Model Konstitusi”, untuk mendeskripsikan terjadinya perubahan nonformal konstitusi dalam ranah normatif juga dalam perspektif empirik, sehingga mendapatkan manfaat yang lebih luas. Ketidak sinkronan dalam sistem atau rezim hukum konstitusi tentu berdampak pada sistem ketatanegaraan berdasarkan UUD NRI 1945, khususnya terhadap bidang-bidang yang termuat dalam konstitusi yang mengalami perubahan nonformal. Dari bedah hasil penelitian FF, teridentifikasi akan bermanfaat sebagai bahan legislative review oleh pembentuk legislasi, judicial review oleh MK, perubahan perilaku elite politik dan masyarakat hingga bagi politik perubahan konstitusi.

A capacity assessment and legislative review of the Clean Water Act in Ontario : past, present and future

Historically an unequal distribution of capacity existed among local Municipalities and Conservation Authorities with regards to protecting water in Ontario, as well there was no specific legislation pertaining solely to source water protection. The aim of this research project is to present and analyze through a comparative assessment, the financial capacity requirements and the technical, institutional, social and political capacity progress observed among the 19 Source Protection Regions across Ontario in terms of protecting source water following the Walkerton event and the enactment of the Clean Water Act (CWA). The results indicate that through the enactment of the CWA, capacity building initiatives have taken place through a top-down model with the provincial governments' guidance, direction and support to local municipalities and CAs. When the provincial government takes control and provides capacity related assistance, the lower level municipal and CA governments become regulated; functioning more effectively and with a level of consistency across the province.

A capacity assessment and legislative review of the Clean Water Act in Ontario : past, present and future

Historically an unequal distribution of capacity existed among local Municipalities and Conservation Authorities with regards to protecting water in Ontario, as well there was no specific legislation pertaining solely to source water protection. The aim of this research project is to present and analyze through a comparative assessment, the financial capacity requirements and the technical, institutional, social and political capacity progress observed among the 19 Source Protection Regions across Ontario in terms of protecting source water following the Walkerton event and the enactment of the Clean Water Act (CWA). The results indicate that through the enactment of the CWA, capacity building initiatives have taken place through a top-down model with the provincial governments' guidance, direction and support to local municipalities and CAs. When the provincial government takes control and provides capacity related assistance, the lower level municipal and CA governments become regulated; functioning more effectively and with a level of consistency across the province.

Albanian Legislative Review from Gender Equality Perspective - Achievements and Challenges

Gender-based and domestic violence happens in all societies all over the world. During the last decade in Albania gender - based violence has become more visible as a major problem. Domestic violence has been considered as a private matter and not a society issue. Albania did not recognize existence of domestic violence until 2006, when it adopted the Law on Measures against Violence in Family Relations. Official data show an increase in the general prevalence of violence against women in the family, from 56% in 2007 to 59.4% in 2013 and 52.9% in 2019. This legislative review presents an overview of the key legislative interventions in Albania to prevent gender-based and domestic violence and its impact in the society by highlighting main achievements and recommendations for further improvement, based on the analysis of results in the area. Methodology is based in a depth review of the key legal interventions on gender equality and domestic violence in the country. This review indicates that the response mechanisms have improved by following a multi-disciplinary point of view, however still profounder efforts are needed to provide proper services to domestic violence victims.