The Borrowing Processes of Thai Language in Patani Malay Dialect in Thailand

This study concerns with the processes borrowing Thai language (TL) words in Patani Malay Dialect (PMD) from the perspective of Sociolinguistics. The main objective of this study is to see how the processes happen from TL to PMD. The research data for TL loanwords in PMD are obtained from written and spoken language while the data from TL itself are obtained from written materials. Attention towards the processes of TL loanwords in PMD is in regard with the study about similarities between TL and Malay language (ML) through two important processes; importation and substitution. Indirectly this study also touched on the influence of TL which has an important role to the lexical elements of PMD. In addition to the elaboration of the borrowing process, an analysis was also carried out on the process of changing TL loanwords in PMD in terms of phonology involving vocal and consonant changes using descriptive approaches. Finally, the findings showed that apart from direct borrowing from TL, PMD also adapts the loanwords according to the existing system in PMD. Even from the borrowing elements themselves, it is found that there are words considered to come from the same family while some are borrowed from other languages.

A corpus-based approach to map target vowel asymmetry in Brazilian Veneto metaphony

Metaphony targeting upper-mid vowels /e, o/ is a characteristic of Central Veneto, a dialect of Veneto spoken in northeastern Italy. In a closely related understudied dialect spoken in southern Brazil, namely Brazilian Veneto (locally known as Talian), metaphony is also observed. Although the phenomenon is reported as variable for both dialects, little is known about how such variation is structured. In this paper, we explore the structural conditioning of metaphony in Talian through a corpus study. We show that metaphony in this dialect is asymmetrical, as /e, o/ exhibit different rates of application, which are conditioned by number of syllables in the word and morphology. We formalize this asymmetry using a MaxEnt Grammar. Finally, we introduce the Talian Corpus, a corpus of written materials in Talian that promotes the linguistic study of this variety.

Alexander Ostrovsky’s play “Late Love”: from its conception to the implementation

The article examines the contents’ peculiarity of the play “Late Love” in accord with its author’s artistic intentions. For the first time hand-written materials (rough copies and the play’s draft) have been taken into account and brought into academic use; the chirographs make it possible to bring to light the main points of the play and its vital problems. Special attention is paid to still greater importance the author was lending to the love story while working at the play; it helps to reveal the meaning of the play’s title. It is noted that for the first time Alexander Ostrovsky had shown a highly moral heroine who committed crime for the sake of the man she loved. In this connection, a few opinions of some critics are cited who gave negative estimation to the play. Analysing the play’s artistic merits the authors of the article take notice of the fact that the action is concentrated in time and space. The Shablovs’ house where lawyers, a tradesman, a landlady, and a clerk make their appearance, reflects to a certain extent the social strata of the post-reformed Russia and the tendencies typical of that world. The study of the initial draft made it clear that Alexander Ostrovsky thought over at first the play’s “scenario”, the number of personages, determined their characters and their role in the action’s development. The dramatic action and the happy end draw the spectators to the conclusion that a human’s salvation from its moral ruin is love, personal ability to repent and to realise its responsibility for the people close to it and for the world as a whole.

Implementing Islamic principles and values in public budgeting: a battle of mindset

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the implementation of Islamic principles and values within the budgetary management of one of Indonesia’s local governments, that of Aceh provincial government. The authors investigate the extent of Islamic teachings in Aceh’s public budgeting to gain an understanding of the challenges in implementing such ideas in practice. Design/methodology/approach To investigate these issues, the authors used a qualitative interpretive approach in this study, gathering written materials related to the budgeting process and conducting 19 interviews with local government officials, politicians, scholars and a corruption watchdog. Data was manually coded and thematically analysed. Findings In this study, the authors find that the budgetary management problems Aceh provincial government faces (including poor resource allocation, budget delays and poor accountability and transparency) indicate unsatisfactory performance in incorporating Islamic principles and values into government. The authors argue that a key challenge to a more complete implementation is that the Acehnese’ perspectives of Sharī’ah and its enactment remain limited to particular aspects, such as criminal law, rituals and symbols, and are not extended to wider governance and budgetary practices. Practical implications The findings are likely to be of interest to policymakers and those who hold them to account, in a region/country where Islamic values and principles largely influence the government and social affairs. They indicate that a broader conception of Sharī’ah would facilitate a more thorough implementation of Islamic principles and values within public budgeting. Originality/value This study is one of a handful of studies exploring Islamic public budgeting, with its originality lying in the investigation of the challenges faced in implementing Islamic principles in government budgeting.

Word & Image

This chapter examines the relationships between visual and verbal media in Roman antiquity. More specifically, it demonstrates how the study of Roman art intersects with the study of ancient Greek and Latin texts, and vice versa. Despite the tendency to segregate areas of scholarly expertise—above all, to separate “classical archaeology” from “classical philology”—any critical engagement with Roman imagery and iconography must go hand in hand with critical readings of written materials. The chapter proceeds in three parts. First, it explores some of the ways in which Roman literary texts (both Greek and Latin) engaged with visual subjects. Second, it discusses the textuality of Roman visual culture, surveying the roles that inscriptions played on Roman buildings, statues, mosaics, paintings, and other media. Third, it demonstrates the “intermedial”—or, perhaps better, the “iconotextual”—workings of Roman texts and images, with particular reference to the fourth-century ce picture-poems of Optatian.

Woodworking tools of the Bashkirs in the XVI I– XVIII centuries (based on the data of archaeological and written materials)

The subject of this research is the woodworking tools of the Bashkirs in in the XVII– XVIII centuries. The goal lies in examination of the tools used by the Bashkirs for wood processing during the XVII – XVIII centuries leaning on the archaeological materials obtained in the course of exploration of Aznayevo settlement and Berekovo rural localities. The article also involves the written record of the authors of the late XVIII sources and the data of historical-ethnographic researcher of later periods. The research relies in the comprehensive approach of the available archaeological, written and ethnographic materials; as well as descriptive, historical-comparative methods, and analysis of real sources. This article is first to examine the woodworking tools used by the Bashkirs in XVII – XVIII centuries. The archaeological collections allows establishing that the Bashkirs used axes, knives, scraper, graver and drill for wood processing. For basket weaving from bast and birch bark was used the curved awl. According to the written sources, the woodworking tools also included adzes and chisels. The explored archaeological and written materials allow concluding that the woodworking tools of the XVII – XVIII centuries continued to exist among the Bashkir population until the XIX – early XXI centuries, which is proven by the results of historical-ethnographic research.

Autentikasi Hadith-Hadith Kitab Al-Nikah Daripada Kitab Bulughul Maram Karya Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani

Falsification of hadiths has spread tremendously among society as the dissemination of fabricated hadiths has been normalised among the public and Islamic and religious scholars. This issue is not a new phenomenon but has been evolving since the hadiths were transmitted orally and developed through writing such as books and so on. It is also a well-known fact that hadith scholarship's contribution via writings includes written materials from the current and past Islamic and religious scholars, including Siamese scholars. This article aims to discover the authenticity of hadiths in ‘Kitab al-Nikah’ from the book of ‘Bulughul Maram min Adillat al-Ahkam’ written by al-Hafiz ibn Hajar (m. 852H). Even though al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar mentioned the majority of the sources for the hadiths, yet there are some hadiths which sources are left unmentioned. He also divided the hadiths into thematic points, although few hadiths have not been categorised under suitable themes. All of the hadiths will be analysed in terms of their authenticity, tanasub and suitability in terms of nikah. In order to identify the status and authenticity of the hadiths, a specific method will be used: takhrij (retrieval) based on the theme of the hadiths. A descriptive method will be used to analyse the hadiths in the tanasub point of view and the suitability of the hadith towards certain themes. The research showed that 86% of the hadiths found in ‘Kitab al-Nikah’ are authentic and based on authorised and muktabar books of hadiths. In addition, 95% of the hadiths chosen were relevant and suitable with the theme of nikah.

Sustainable Design through Up-Cycling Crafts in the Mainstream Fashion Industry of India

Fashion is considered to be the most destructive industry, second only to the oil rigging industry, which has a greater impact on the environment. While fashion today, banks upon fast fashion to generate higher turnover of designs and patterns in apparel and relate accessories, crafts push us towards a more slow and thoughtful approach with culturally identifiably unique work and slow community centred production. Despite this strong link between indigenous crafts and sustainability, it has not been extensively researched and explored upon. In the forthcoming years, the fashion industry will have to re-invent itself to move towards a more holistic and sustainable circular model to balance the harm already caused. And closed loops of the circular economy will help the integration of indigenous craft knowledge which is regenerative. Though sustainability and crafts of a region go hand- in- hand, craft still have to find its standing in the mainstream fashion world; craft practices have a strong local congruence and knowledge that has been passed down generation-to-generation through oration or written materials. This paper aims to explore ways a circular economy can be created by amalgamating fashion and craft while creating a sustainable business model and how this is slowly being created today through brands. KEYWORDS: Circular Economy, Fashion, India, Indigenous Crafts, Slow Fashion, Sustainability, Up-cycling

Through a Glass Darkly: British Representations of the Polish-Lithuanian Union in the Late-16th and 17th Centuries

The article discusses how post-1569 relations between Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were presented in various written materials produced in Britain in the late-16th and 17th centuries. It analyses both the materials produced by and for the court or professional elites, and widely circulating publications (books and newspapers) which were readily available to the general reading public. It argues that there is strong evidence that British readers were aware of the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Union, although the union itself was rarely presented either accurately or in any detail. They therefore had a very blurred conception of how it functioned in practice, as can be illustrated, for example, by British authors downplaying or simply denying the fact that after the Union of Lublin Lithuania became a constituent part of the Commonwealth with a status equal to that of Poland. Moreover, few writers and editors considered it necessary to provide readers with a proper explanation of the union’s basic ‘rules of engagement’, or any reflections on how it functioned on an organisational level.