Orthorectification of Helicopter-Borne High Resolution Experimental Burn Observation from Infra Red Handheld Imagers

To pursue the development and validation of coupled fire-atmosphere models, the wildland fire modeling community needs validation data sets with scenarios where fire-induced winds influence fire front behavior, and with high temporal and spatial resolution. Helicopter-borne infrared thermal cameras have the potential to monitor landscape-scale wildland fires at a high resolution during experimental burns. To extract valuable information from those observations, three-step image processing is required: (a) Orthorectification to warp raw images on a fixed coordinate system grid, (b) segmentation to delineate the fire front location out of the orthorectified images, and (c) computation of fire behavior metrics such as the rate of spread from the time-evolving fire front location. This work is dedicated to the first orthorectification step, and presents a series of algorithms that are designed to process handheld helicopter-borne thermal images collected during savannah experimental burns. The novelty in the approach lies on its recursive design, which does not require the presence of fixed ground control points, hence relaxing the constraint on field of view coverage and helping the acquisition of high-frequency observations. For four burns ranging from four to eight hectares, long-wave and mid infra red images were collected at 1 and 3 Hz, respectively, and orthorectified at a high spatial resolution (<1 m) with an absolute accuracy estimated to be lower than 4 m. Subsequent computation of fire radiative power is discussed with comparison to concurrent space-borne measurements.

KUALITAS FISIKA KIMIA SUSU SAPI DI KABUPATEN JEMBER DAN PENGEMBANGANNYA DALAM BUKU NON TEKS

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas fisika dan kimia susu sapi yang diproduksi di Kabupaten Jember dan memberikan edukasi yang tepat bagi masyarakat terkait prosedur penilaian kelayakan susu yang akan dikonsumsi melalui buku non-teks. Analisis kualitas fisika susu sapi yang dilakukan meliputi uji didih, uji alkohol, dan uji berat jenis sedangkan analisis kualitas kimia susu sapi yang dilakukan meliputi uji pH dan uji kadar lemak. Pengembangan buku non-teks dilakukan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan R2D2 (Reflective, Recursive, Design, and Development). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa sampel susu sapi dari industri susu A dan industri susu B memiliki kualitas fisika dan kimia yang sesuai dengan standar kualitas susu yang aman untuk dikonsumsi menurut SNI dan Codex. Hasil rata-rata validasi produk buku non-teks yang dikembangkan sebesar 94.84 persen dari ketiga validator. Dengan demikian produk buku non-teks tersebut sangat layak digunakan sebagai buku non-teks, khususnya buku non-teks untuk pengayaan pengetahuan.Abstract. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical quality of cow's milk produced in Jember and provide an appropriate education for the community regarding the procedure for assessing the feasibility of milk to be consumed through non-text books. The analysis of the physical quality of cow's milk includes boiling test, alcohol test, and specific gravity test, while the chemical quality analysis of cow's milk includes pH test and fat content test. The development of non-text books is carried out using the R2D2 (Reflective, Recursive, Design, and Development) development model. Based on the results of the study, it is known that samples of cow's milk from dairy industry A and milk industry B have physical and chemical qualities that are in accordance with milk quality standards that are safe for consumption according to SNI and Codex. The average result of the validation of non-textbook products developed was 94.84 percent from the three validators. Thus, the non-textbook product is very suitable to be used as a non-textbook, especially non-text books for knowledge enrichment.

Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Menulis Cerpen dengan Teknik Parafrase pada Peserta Didik Kelas XI MAN 2 Samarinda

The purposes of this research included: (1) developing teaching materials for writing short story using paraphrasing technique, (2) implementing learning to write short story using paraphrasing technique, (3) describing the feasibility of teaching materials for writing short story using paraphrasing technique. This research uses the research method of developing Willis's reflective, recursive, design, and development (R2D2) models. The method used is to produce a product and test the feasibility of the product in the form of teaching materials to write short stories with paraphrasing techniques in class XI MAN 2 Samarinda students. The results of the development of teaching materials for short story writing with paraphrasing techniques were validated by content/content experts who gave an average score of 92.04% and validation of teaching material experts obtained an average score of 95%. From the validation results the experts obtained an average score of 93.52% with a very good category. Thus, the teaching material produced is very suitable for use by students of class XI. Furthermore, implementing learning to write short stories with paraphrase techniques through planning assessments conducted by observer 1 who gave an average score of 80% and observer 2 gave an average score of 93.33%. The implementation of learning was given an average score of 81.73% by observer 1 and observer 2 giving an average score of 86.08%. From the average score given by observers 1 and 2 states learning takes place very well. The feasibility of teaching materials for short story writing with paraphrase techniques can be seen from the results of small group pretest trials with an average value of 67.8 and 86.7 posttests and field trials with an average value of 73.75 and posttests with an average value 88.18% with a very decent category.

Interval Analysis of the Eigenvalues of Closed-Loop Control Systems with Uncertain Parameters

Uncertainty caused by a parameter measurement error or a model error causes difficulties for the implementation of the control method. Experts can divide the uncertain system into a definite part and an uncertain part and solve each part using various methods. Two uncertainty problems of the control system arise: problem A for the definite part—how does one find out the optimal number and position of actuators when the actuating force of an actuator is smaller than the control force? Problem B for the uncertain part—how does one evaluate the effect of uncertainty on the eigenvalues of a closed-loop control system? This paper utilizes an interval to express the uncertain parameters and converts the control system into a definite part and an uncertain part using interval theory. The interval state matrix is constructed by physical parameters of the system for the definite part of the control system. For Problem A, the paper finds out the singular value element sensitivity of the modal control matrix and reorders the optimal location of the actuators. Then, the paper calculates the state feedback gain matrix for a single actuator using the receptance method of pole assignment and optimizes the number and position of the actuators using the recursive design method. For Problem B, which concerns the robustness of closed-loop systems, the paper obtains the effects of uncertain parameters on the real and imaginary parts of the eigenvalues of a closed-loop system using the matrix perturbation theory and interval expansion theory. Finally, a numerical example illustrates the recursive design method to optimize the number and location of actuators and it also shows that the change rate of eigenvalues increases with the increase in uncertainty.

Innovative ways of design education developing at the university

Design education is rapidly developing in unity with formation and strengthening of theoretical and methodological design basis. Changing requirements for the modern educational system provokes the search for innovative ways of development. Rapid introduction of distance education has made it possible to test experimental forms and methods of teaching design students. As a result of processing the experimental data, outdated models of the organization of the educational process, the lack of flexibility and variability of curricula and work programs of disciplines were revealed. It became necessary to adjust the educational process, taking into account modern mental characteristics of students, their levels of motivation, system of values and ideas about the profession of a designer, taking into account dynamic development of existing design directions and emergence of new specific branches. These factors determine the creation of a methodological model built into the context of design education, which should have such qualities as flexibility and adaptability to changes in the external environment. Implementation of flexible adaptive design teaching model becomes a source of innovative changes in this very external environment. To build a methodological system, the following methodological approaches were used: cognitive, reflexive, eutagogic, synergetic, personality-activity, heuristic-algorithmic, recursive-design.

Electro-Mechanical Design and Creep Analysis of Proposed Enclosure for Flexible Gas Insulated Line Regarding Subsurface Metropolitan Applications of High-Voltage Transmission Lines

Land shortage in metropolitan vicinities entails subsurface implementation of power transmission lines (PTLs) which demand structural flexibility, as well as substantial load bearing capability. Thus, development of a flexible gas insulated transmission line (FGIL) necessitates its strength degradation analysis, regarding the synergistic effect of aging and mechanical loadings. Moreover, correlation of conductor and enclosure dimensions of FGIL apropos field distribution, requires careful consideration regarding their dimensional specifications. In this research, a comprehensive electro-mechanical design is performed for the proposed flexible-thermoplastic-enclosure of a 132 kV FGIL by considering the synergistic impact of time and temperature-based aging, along with the effect of external and internal loadings, such as dead load, live load and internal gas pressure. Additionally, a recursive design algorithm for the proposed scheme regarding electro-mechanical aspects, along with aging perspectives is developed. Comparative analysis of proposed and conventional schemes regarding electro-mechanical and aging aspects revealed that the proposed enclosure exhibits the required structural strength, as well as flexibility for trenchless subsurface application of FGILs in metropolitan areas.