Digital Twins in the Practice of High-Energy Physics Experiments: A Gas System for the Multipurpose Detector

The digital twins technology delivers a new degree of freedom into system implementation and maintenance practice. Using this approach, a technological system can be efficiently modeled and simulated. Furthermore, such a twin offline system can be efficiently used to investigate real system issues and improvement opportunities, e.g., improvement of the existing control system or development of a new one. This work describes the development of a control system using the digital twins methodology for a gas system delivering a specific mixture of gases to the time-of-flight (ToF) multipurpose detector (MPD) used during high-energy physics experiments in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia). The gas system digital twin was built using a test stand and further extended into target full-scale installation planned to be built in the near future. Therefore, conducted simulations are used to validate the existing system and to allow validation of the planned new system. Moreover, the gas system digital twin enables testing of new control opportunities, improving the operation of the target gas system.

Audacity Software Analysis In Analyzing The Frequency And Character Of The Sound Spectrum

In the process of learning physics, experiments are needed that can help someone in gaining a deeper understanding of learning physics concepts and using technology in the learning process, especially learning sound waves. In this study, the aim is to be able to analyze the sound frequency with the help of Audacity software. Subjects used are 5 different cat sounds. The implementation of this research uses several tools such as a microphone, Audacity software on a laptop, and 5 cat sounds. This experiment was carried out by bringing the micro hope closer to the cat with 5 cm so that the sound was captured by the microphone which would later be transferred to the laptop and read by the audacity software. Furthermore, the data recorded in audacity were analyzed. From the results of the study, it can be said that a tool that can be used in practicum and can read and capture sound waves is effectively used in analyzing sound frequency, spectrum in the application of sound learning so that it can be used as one of the learning media in practicum on sound wave material at Junior high school.

Negative capacitance devices: sensitivity analyses of the developed TCAD ferroelectric model for HZO

This work aims to investigate the suitability of innovative negative capacitance (NC) devices to be used in High Energy Physics experiments detection systems, featuring self-amplified, segmented, high granularity detectors. Within this framework, MFM (Metal-Ferroelectric-Metal) and MFIM (Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Metal) structures have been investigated within the Technology-CAD environment. The strength of this approach is to exploit the behavior of a simple capacitor to accurately ad-hoc customize the TCAD library aiming at realistically modeling the polarization properties of devices fabricated with ferroelectric materials. The comparison between simulations and measurements in terms of polarization as a function of the applied electric field for both MFM and MFIM devices has been used for modeling and methodologies validation purposes. The analyses and results obtained for MFIM capacitors can be straightforwardly extended to the study of NC-FETs. This work would support the use of the TCAD modeling approach as a predictive tool to optimize the design and the operation of the new generation NC-FET devices for the future High Energy Physics experiments in the HL-LHC scenario. The NC working principle will be employed for particle detection applications in order to exceed the limits imposed by current CMOS technology in terms of power consumption, signal detectability and switching speed.

Electronic structure, phonons and optical propertiesof baryte type scintillators TlXO4 (X=Cl, Br)

This article thoroughly addresses the structural, mechanical, vibrational, electronic band structure and the optical properties of the unexplored thallous perchlorate and perbromate from ab-initio calculations. The zone centered vibrational phonon frequencies shows, there is a blue shift in the mid and high frequency range from Cl → Br due to change in mass and force constant with respect to oxygen atom. From the band structure it is clear that the top of the valence band is due to thallium s states, whereas the bottom of the conduction band is due to halogen s and oxygen p states, showing similar magnitude of dispersion and exhibits a charge transfer character. These characteristics and the band gap obtained are consistent with that of a favourable scintillators. Our findings deliver directions for the design of efficient TlXO4 based scintillators with high performance which are desirable for distinct applications such as medical imaging, high energy physics experiments, nuclear security.

Persepsi Mahasiswa terhadap Pelaksanaan Perkuliahan Eksperimen Jarak Jauh Fisika Dasar di Masa Pandemi

The implementation of remote basic physics experiments during a pandemic has its own challenges. This experiment had problems in terms of planning, implementation, and reporting. The purpose of this study are to describe the implementation of synchronous distance learning of fundamental physics experiments using simple tools and to find out students' perceptions regarding the obstacles in the synchronous distance learning implementation of experiments. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The instrument used is a questionnaire distributed using Google Form. The respondents in this study were 69 students who took the fundamental physics experiment course in the odd semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. Analysis of research data was carried out using descriptive analysis methods. The results of this study indicated that the application of Google Meetassisted experiments using simple tools and materials that were easily obtained by students could reduce the problem of completing tools and materials by students and the use of Google Meet allowed the mentoring process during the experiment by the lecturer. The most common obstacles encountered by students were obstacles in the implementation phase where sometimes the internet network did not support it while students needed to listen to the direction of the supporting lecturer, especially if the instructions in the manual were not well understood.

A 500 MS/s waveform digitizer for PandaX dark matter experiments

Waveform digitizers are key readout instruments in particle physics experiments. In this paper, we present a waveform digitizer for the PandaX dark matter experiments. It supports both external-trigger readout and triggerless readout, accommodating the needs of low rate full-waveform readout and channel-independent low threshold acquisition, respectively. This digitizer is a 8-channel VME board with a sampling rate of 500 MS/s and 14-bit resolution for each channel. A digitizer system consisting of 72 channels has been tested in situ of the PandaX-4T experiment. We report the system performance with real data.