The Superior Outcome of Collagen Nanosilver in Increasing Macrophage and Collagen on Deep Dermal Burn Wound Healing

AIM: This study aims to prove the superior outcome of collagen nanosilver in increasing macrophage and collagen on deep dermal burn wound healing. METHODS: This study was a randomized control trial design. All animals used were male Sprague Dawley rats aged 12–14 weeks old and weighed about 200–250 g. Each rat gets four site injuries and is given treatments. The treatment group includes: I (negative control using NaCl 0.9%), II (positive control using silver sulfadiazine cream), III (treatment with nanosilver collagen cream 1%), and IV (treatment with collagen nanosilver cream 2%). Macrophages counts were assessed using IHC F40/80 and collagen density was assessed using Masson’s trichrome staining. RESULTS: Macrophage on day 6 showed a significant difference as seen in group III and group IV. A significant difference was also obtained between macrophage on day 3 and day 6 from group IV, likewise between collagen between day 3 and day 6 from group III and IV. Collagen nanosilver acts as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent by increasing the mechanism of activation and migration of macrophages to the site of injury. Moreover, this formula modulated the collagen deposition, which forms the tissue fibers which ultimately provide a conducive environment for wound healing. CONCLUSION: Collagen nanosilver has a superior outcome in the increasing macrophage cell count and collagen density of deep dermal burn wound healing.

Euglena gracilis and Its Aqueous Extract Constructed With Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Facilitate Cutaneous Wound Healing in Mice Without Inducing Excessive Inflammatory Response

Naturally occurring compounds isolated from the microalga Euglena gracilis, such as polysaccharide paramylon, exhibit antimicrobial, anti-viral, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. Whether live E. gracilis cells and its aqueous extract accelerate burn wound healing remains to be investigated. In this study, live E. gracilis cells and its aqueous extract were mixed with chitosan-hyaluronic acid hydrogel (CS/HA) to form cell + CS/HA and extract + CS/HA, which were then smeared onto the deeply burned skin of mice. The efficacy of these mixtures in accelerating wound healing was assessed through wound size reduction measurement, histological and immunofluorescence analyses, and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine level (INF-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6) determination. The live E. gracilis cells and its aqueous extract were found to facilitate wound healing by enhancing re-epithelization and reducing fibroplasia without stimulating excessive inflammatory response. In conclusion, live E. gracilis cells and its aqueous extract can be potentially used to treat cutaneous wounds.

Burn Wound Healing Activity of Prunella Grandiflora L. Exctract

The qualitative composition of phenolic acids and burn wound healing activity of Prunella grandiflora L. extract were studied. The content of rosmarinic (621±5 mg/g), coffeic (11.2±0.2 mg/g), syringic (46.5±1.4 mg/g), n-coumaric (25.8±0.5 mg/g), and ferulic (42.7±2.9 mg/g) acids in dry extracts of P. grandiflora was determined by HPLC. Three new burn-healing agents of different composition containing 5% of the dry extract of Prunella grandiflora L. (big-flowered self-heal) were developed. The developed agents were tested on male Wistar rats with second- and third-degree thermal burns. An assessment of skin restoration was carried out in experimental and control groups of animals. It was revealed that animals treated with the developed soft dosage forms restored the epithelium and coat 6–8 days faster that those treated with compositions containing no extract under study. It was found that the developed soft dosage forms based on P. grandiflora extract exhibit anti-inflammatory and wound-healing action.

Antimicrobial and Regenerative Effects of Placental Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome-Based Chitosan Gel on Infected Burns in Rats

Background: There is a need for better strategies to promote burn wound healing and prevent infection. The aim of our study was to develop an easy-to-use placental multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MMSC) secretome-based chitosan hydrogel (MSC-Ch-gel) and estimate its antimicrobial and regenerative activity in Staphylococcus aureus-infected burn wounds in rats. Methods: Proteomic studies of the MMSC secretome revealed proteins involved in regeneration, angiogenesis, and defence responses. The MMSC secretome was collected from cultured cells and mixed with water-soluble chitosan to prepare the placental MSC-Ch-gel, which was stored in liquid phase at 4 °C. The wounds of rats with established II-IIIa-degree burns were then infected with S. aureus and externally covered with the MSC-Ch-gel. Three additional rat groups were treated with medical Vaseline oil, the antiseptic drug Miramistin®, or the drug Bepanthen® Plus. Skin wound samples were collected 4 and 8 days after burning for further microbiological and histological analysis. Blood samples were also collected for biochemical analysis. Results: Application of the MSC-Ch-gel cleared the wound of microorganisms (S. aureus wasn’t detected in the washings from the burned areas), decreased inflammation, enhanced re-epithelialisation, and promoted the formation of well-vascularised granulation tissue. Conclusions: MSC-Ch-gel effectively promotes infected wound healing in rats with third-degree burns. Gel preparation can be easily implemented into clinical practice.