Application of Compact Piping Sedimentation Unit as Pretreatment for Ultrafiltration Plant

The study aimed to create a compact pretreatment unit before the ultrafiltration modules. This unit targeted to improve the inlet water quality to meet the average values of the feed water quality required for the ultrafiltration plants according to the manufacturer. The used unit in this study was a pipe worked as a sedimentation unit with inclined plates to apply the plate settler technology. The suitability of using this unit was determined by using varied water sources with different Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations and different retention times. The removal efficiencies for the low TSS water source reached 96.47 %, 82.94 %, 64.80 % & 30.59 % with retention time 30 minutes, 15 minutes, 5 minutes & 20 seconds respectively. For the medium TSS water source at the same retention times, the removal efficiencies reached 97.33 %, 92.87 %, 86.10 % & 63.89 %. For the high TSS water source, the removal efficiencies reached 98.64 %, 93.86 %, 87.51 % & 76.23 %. These results make the sedimentation unit able to work as an effective pretreatment unit for the ultrafiltration units for all water sources.

Analisa Pengaruh Bentuk Impingement Plate Terhadap Perpindahan Panas Pada Zona Desuperheating High Pressure Heater

High Pressure Heater (HPH) are tools that used to improve the efficiency of boiler. HPH utilizes hot steam from turbine extraction as heating medium before entering into the economizer in boiler. In the industry, High Pressure Heater is one of the tools that includes a heat exchanger. To prevent from several problems, some of the industries applying a plate that called impingement plate. This plate placed on the shell side Steam inlet of High Pressure Heater with the function to protect the tube facing the directly the shell side input flow. To determine the effect of adding impingement plates on heat transfer that occurs in the desuperheating zone, a simulation was performed using CFD software with variations of conventional flat plates, 4 plates, and inclined plates. From the simulation results using CFD software it is known that after the addition of the impingement plate, the largest heat transfer value in the desuperheating zone is found in the inclined plate geometry followed by the 4 plate geometry and conventional flat plate, with a q value of 9.54 MW; 7.93 MW; and 4.16 MW, respectively. Then for the inclined plate geometry pressure drop value has a small pressure drop plaing value, which is equal to 30.04 kPa.

Magneto-Bioconvection Flow of Williamson Nanofluid over an Inclined Plate with Gyrotactic Microorganisms and Entropy Generation

The fluid flow through inclined plates has several applications in magneto-aerodynamics, materials processing and magnetohydrodynamic propulsion thermo-fluid dynamics. Inspired by these applications, the rate of entropy production in a bio-convective flow of a magnetohydrodynamic Williamson nanoliquid over an inclined convectively heated stretchy plate with the influence of thermal radiation, porous materials and chemical reaction has been deliberated in this paper. The presence of microorganisms aids in stabilizing the suspended nanoparticles through a bioconvection process. Also, the thermal radiation assumed an optically thick limit approximation. With the help of similarity transformations, the coupled partial differential equations are converted to nonlinear ordinary differential equations and the resulting model is numerically tackled using the shooting method. The influences of the determining thermo-physical parameters on the flow field are incorporated and extensively discussed. The major relevant outcomes of the present analysis are that the upsurge in values of Schmidt number decays the mass transfer characteristics, but the converse trend is depicted for boost up values of the thermophoresis parameter. Enhancement in bioconvection Peclet and Schmidt numbers deteriorates the microorganism density characteristics. Further, the upsurge in the Williamson parameter declines the Bejan number and irreversibility ratio.

Performance of inclined plates settler integrated with constructed wetland for high turbidity water treatment

The purpose of this study was to investigate and demonstrate cost-effective treatment technologies for highly turbid waters, used for domestic purposes in rural areas of Tanzania where conventional community water treatment techniques are not available. Pilot-scale inclined plates settler integrated with constructed wetland (IPS-CW) system was investigated on earth dam water with turbidities ranging from 186 to 4,011 NTU. The IPS was used as a physical pretreatment system preceding the CW, meant for the removal of organic matter, nutrients, and pathogens. Major focus of the IPS-CW system was on turbidity and faecal coliform (FC) removal, and at 5 L/min flow rate mean maximum removal efficiencies of 95.9% and 94.3% were achieved, respectively. Total suspended solids, nitrate (NO3−), ammonium, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and phosphate removal were studied and removal efficiencies of 97.4%, 91.7%, 71.3%, 91.7% and 49.8% were obtained at 5 L/min flow rate, respectively. Although the use of these combinations of technologies in improving drinking water quality is uncommon, results demonstrated that NO3− and BOD5 met WHO and TBS drinking water standards of ≤50 mg/l and ≤6 mg/L respectively. Due to low production cost and simplicity in operation, the system is relevant for application in rural communities.