Social and economic actors in the evaluation of translation technologies. Creating meaning and value when designing, developing and using translation technologies

Evaluation of translation technologies is a social activity, which involves the establishment of knowledge communities as well as the creation of competition to produce better tools. Companies developing translation technologies need to encourage the evaluation of their tools (through online forums, discussion lists, blogs, product communities, community translation, etc.), since evaluating the technology implies spreading and sharing knowledge about it; and sharing the same knowledge or the same modes of thinking and operation, rather than sharing the same material resources, represents the basis of future economic competition. When exchanging knowledge about technologies, translators engage in social activity: they express their opinions and feelings about the technologies they are using, they make judgments about the worth or value of a specific technology, they influence others’ decisions or they believe their thoughts will have an impact on decisions companies will make. This article investigates the use of translation technology evaluation criteria as they are represented in several translators’ communities and it calls for a multidisciplinary approach when analysing translation technologies adoption, use and evaluation.

POLA PEMBANGUNAN MAKNA IMAJINER PADA PUISI KONTEMPORER DI RUBRIK PUISI REPUBLIKA.CO.ID DAN RAHMA.ID

Diawali dari pentingnya berliterasi, berbagai jenis tulisan sudah semestinya dapat tersaji dengan baik. Namun fakta di lapangan tidak sesuai dengan semestinya, masih banyak tulisan-tulisan yang tidak begitu kreatif bahkan terkesan monoton. Belum lagi ketika disinggung karya imajinasi puisi. Selain Teknik penulisannya yang cukup rumit dan sarat dengan aturan-aturan. Oleh karenanya tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan dan mendeskripsikan pola pembangunan makna imajiner pada puisi kontemporer. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah konsep semiotika Rifatterre. Melalui analisis hermeneutika pada puisi kontemporer yang diunggah di rubrik puisi republika.co.id dan rahma.id, didapatkan hasil analisis pola makna imajiner pada puisi. Dari enam puisi yang dianalisis ditemukan 54 pola kutipan displacing meaning, 18 pola kutipan distorting of meaning, dan 9 pola kutipan creating meaning.

A zoosemiotic approach to the transactional model of communication

The analysis of social communication in other-than-human animals poses several theoretical challenges due to the complexity of individual and extra-individual variables. Some previous studies have found a valuable solution in Uexküll’s work by expanding and adapting its usage for the study of communication in a heurtistic manner. An Umwelt analysis provides a theoretical toolbox, which allows researchers to take an emic perspective on the lives and phenomenal world of other animals. However, Umwelt and its elaborations do not allow for a clear distinction between acts of perception and communication and seem to ignore factors that escape the specific communication contexts under analysis. Thus, moving away from the existing linear and cyclical approaches to communication, we propose a complementary approach to the study of social communication by combining Barnlund’s transactional model of communication with Umwelt theory and the functional circle more specifically. Our elaborated model conceives social communication as the process of creating meaning through the interaction of two (or more) subjects and emphasizes the role of species-specific and individual features in its creation. Our goal is to re-evaluate the research on social communication of other-than-human animals by advocating for the theoretical and empirical potential of Umwelt, especially pertaining to animals with complex Umwelten. Our model offers a valuable solution to the analysis of intraspecies communication that accounts for the role of private and public cues as well as the subjects’ specific behaviors, messages, and context in the creation of meaning.

Vintila Horia

Vintila Horia (1915-1992) fue un escritor e intelectual de nacionalidad rumana. Condenado por la dictadura comunista de su país, vivió en el exilio gran parte de su vida, en Italia, Argentina y Francia, hasta que se estableció en España en 1953. Escribió una amplia y variada obra, que consta de artículos, novelas y ensayos, en rumano, francés y castellano. Ideológicamente tuvo un talante conservador y cristiano. Dos temas dominantes de su obra, relacionados entre sí, son el exilio y la disidencia intelectual. Analizaremos en este trabajo la incorporación creativa de la tradición clásica para expresar esos dos motivos. Varias de sus novelas versan sobre personajes históricos grecorromanos que, de alguna manera, representan al propio autor. Entre ellas, Dios ha nacido en el exilio (1960) recrea el exilio de Ovidio y su descubrimiento de la fe cristiana. En este trabajo se analiza el uso de fuentes clásicas por parte de Horia y la incorporación creativa de estos materiales como correlato objetivo y como base de creación de sentido en esa novela. Vintilă Horia (1915-1992) is a Romanian writer and romanist. Convicted by the communist régime of his country, he lived most of his life in exile, in Italy, Argentina, and France. He eventually settled in Spain from 1953. His production consists of articles, novels, and essays, written in Romanian, French, and Spanish. Ideologically, he was conservative and Christian. He develops two core subject-matters: exile and intellectual dissent. In this paper il will be analysed the creative use of the Classical reception for expressing these two motives. Several of his novels portray historical characters who represent the author himself: for instance, God was born in exile (1960) tells the story of Ovid’s exile and his conversion to the Christian faith. It will be examined the use of Classical sources by Horia and the creative assimilation of these materials as a correlative objective for creating meaning

Pattern of the literary work (based on the “formula” of the literary work of S. I. Sukhikh)

The subject of this research is the structure of the literary work. The goal consists in the establishment of correlation between the parts of the literary work, expressed in the research of S. I. Sukhikh “The Theoretical Poetics of A. A. Potebnja”. The author meticulously examines such aspects of the theory of literary work of A. A. Potebnja as the interrelation between the external form, internal form, artistic image, and content of the literary work, as well as outlines the structure of the literary work. The article describes the parts of the literary work (external form, internal form, artistic image, content). The article offers the patter of the literary work, distinguishing the parts and interrelation between them. The author formulates the definitions of external form, internal form, artistic image, and content of the literary work; reveals the characteristics and distinctive features of each part of the literary work. This led to the formation of representation of the literary work as a structure, where each of the parts expresses its own meaning, and serves as a means of creating the meaning for the other part. The result this research consists in the creation of the pattern of literary work that gives an idea on the structure of the literary work. The acquired materials can be used in studying the general concepts of the theory of literature: the form, content, artistic image, definition of artistic merit of the literary work. The offered pattern of the literary work cab be also applied to the analysis of the literary work. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the formation of representation of the literary work as a structure, where each part expresses its own meaning and serves as a means of creating meaning for the other part, as well as in creation of the pattern that conveys this idea.

Theme-Rheme Analysis: Exploring the Thematic Structure of Edgar Allan Poe’s Dream-Themed Poems

This study investigates the realisation of textual meaning through theme-rheme structures of four dream-themed poems by Poe. This study has analysed these poems by studying the themes and rhemes in a unitary clause and identifying the role different kinds of themes play in establishing textual metafunctions of the language. The results illustrated the poems exhibited simple, multiple, topical, interpersonal, and textual, along with marked and unmarked themes. Unmarked topical themes contributed to a clear, easy-to-understand experience and dominated three of the four poems. Where the poet desired to create cohesion and flow of language, multiple themes were prevalent, and with a higher percentage of textual themes. Furthermore, the deviations in thematic structure of the poems also indicated the development of Poe’s poetic style and intent. The thematic analysis of the poems showed how the thematic structure contributes to creating meaning and unification of ideas in the text through cohesion, coherence, and emphasis. In terms of teaching pedagogy, the use of theme-rheme structure as an analytical tool for poetry will lead students and teachers to a more profound understanding of the poet's intent and attitude, and the shared beliefs being evoked in poetic texts.

Ghostly longing: Tonality as grieving in Bell Witch’s Mirror Reaper

Mirror Reaper, by the funeral doom metal band Bell Witch, is an immense 83-minute composition in which tonal organization plays an essential role in enhancing and creating meaning. Little analytical attention has been paid to doom metal; armed with a flexible conception of theories of tonal harmony and my full transcription of the album, I show that slow, repetitive music and rich engagement with musical details are not mutually exclusive. I present an analysis in which the tonal drama centres around slowly shifting bass support for a persistent melody F natural. At first, this F appears as a dissonant ninth over an E♭, then as a hollow fifth above a B♭ and finally as a consonant major third above D♭. I understand this progression as a sonic analogue for the grieving process that, according to interviews with the band, is the album’s main focus.