pearson correlations
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2022 ◽  
pp. 036354652110625
Author(s):  
Ryan W. Paul ◽  
Scott Sheridan ◽  
Katherine E. Reuther ◽  
John D. Kelly ◽  
Stephen J. Thomas

Background: The relationship between posterior capsule adaptations and soft tissue glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) in healthy pitchers remains unclear. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to identify if posterior capsule thickness (PCT) was associated with soft tissue GIRD in healthy pitchers. We hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between soft tissue GIRD and PCT in the dominant arm, no relationship between soft tissue GIRD and PCT in the nondominant arm, and a strong positive relationship between soft tissue GIRD and the bilateral difference in PCT (posterior capsule hypertrophy [PCH]). Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 45 healthy collegiate and professional pitchers were included. Glenohumeral internal rotation and external rotation range of motion, humeral retroversion, and PCT were measured bilaterally. PCT was determined for unilateral posterior capsule measurements, and PCH of the throwing shoulder was calculated as the bilateral difference in PCT. Soft tissue GIRD was calculated as the sum of clinical GIRD and the bilateral difference in humeral retroversion. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined to evaluate the relationships between dominant arm PCT, nondominant arm PCT, and PCH and soft tissue GIRD. Results: Pearson correlations showed that both dominant arm PCT ( R = −0.13; P = .378) and nondominant arm PCT ( R = 0.21; P = .165) were not related to soft tissue GIRD. However, Pearson correlations did show that the amount of PCH was moderately related to soft tissue GIRD ( R = 0.40; P = .007). Therefore, as the posterior capsule hypertrophied, soft tissue GIRD moderately increased. Conclusion: Increased PCH was associated with an increase in soft tissue GIRD in healthy pitchers. If PCT measurements are feasible, clinicians should consider performing bilateral ultrasound assessments to isolate posterior capsule adaptations (ie, PCH). This will allow clinicians to identify pitchers with potentially maladaptive structural adaptations and optimize management strategies throughout the season to counteract them.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 2675-2688
Author(s):  
Riana Nurhayati ◽  
Siti Irene Astuti Dwiningrum ◽  
Ariefa Efianingrum

Bullying is an unpleasant act that is still a problem in the school environment. To find out about school policy innovations in an effort to reduce the impact of bullying behavior, this will illustrate the relationship between bullying perpetrators and victims of bullying in SMA as well as school policy innovations to reduce the impact of bullying. This research was conducted in high school students of all levels with the number of respondents 1119 students in Indonesia. Descriptive approach with mixed methods. The sample / respondent was determined by purposive sampling technique. The data used a questionnaire and were analyzed with proportions and conducted FGD and interviews with teachers in SMA. The results of the study concluded that: 1) The value of r-count (Pearson Correlations) of the bullying was 0.186 r-table 0.062 and the r-count value for the bullying victim aspect was 0.139 r-table 0.062, meaning that the relationship between the two variables was positive and increased the bullying and victims of bullying, there will also be increased assistance and support from parents, teachers and friends; 2) The solution to reduce bullying effects must implement policies at the macro, meso and micro levels that work systemically and in synergy by creating creative and innovative programs. With the existence of an effective and innovative school policy, bullying cases that occur in schools can be minimized in terms of quality and quantity.


10.2196/27386 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e27386
Author(s):  
Qingyu Chen ◽  
Alex Rankine ◽  
Yifan Peng ◽  
Elaheh Aghaarabi ◽  
Zhiyong Lu

Background Semantic textual similarity (STS) measures the degree of relatedness between sentence pairs. The Open Health Natural Language Processing (OHNLP) Consortium released an expertly annotated STS data set and called for the National Natural Language Processing Clinical Challenges. This work describes our entry, an ensemble model that leverages a range of deep learning (DL) models. Our team from the National Library of Medicine obtained a Pearson correlation of 0.8967 in an official test set during 2019 National Natural Language Processing Clinical Challenges/Open Health Natural Language Processing shared task and achieved a second rank. Objective Although our models strongly correlate with manual annotations, annotator-level correlation was only moderate (weighted Cohen κ=0.60). We are cautious of the potential use of DL models in production systems and argue that it is more critical to evaluate the models in-depth, especially those with extremely high correlations. In this study, we benchmark the effectiveness and efficiency of top-ranked DL models. We quantify their robustness and inference times to validate their usefulness in real-time applications. Methods We benchmarked five DL models, which are the top-ranked systems for STS tasks: Convolutional Neural Network, BioSentVec, BioBERT, BlueBERT, and ClinicalBERT. We evaluated a random forest model as an additional baseline. For each model, we repeated the experiment 10 times, using the official training and testing sets. We reported 95% CI of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test on the average Pearson correlation (official evaluation metric) and running time. We further evaluated Spearman correlation, R², and mean squared error as additional measures. Results Using only the official training set, all models obtained highly effective results. BioSentVec and BioBERT achieved the highest average Pearson correlations (0.8497 and 0.8481, respectively). BioSentVec also had the highest results in 3 of 4 effectiveness measures, followed by BioBERT. However, their robustness to sentence pairs of different similarity levels varies significantly. A particular observation is that BERT models made the most errors (a mean squared error of over 2.5) on highly similar sentence pairs. They cannot capture highly similar sentence pairs effectively when they have different negation terms or word orders. In addition, time efficiency is dramatically different from the effectiveness results. On average, the BERT models were approximately 20 times and 50 times slower than the Convolutional Neural Network and BioSentVec models, respectively. This results in challenges for real-time applications. Conclusions Despite the excitement of further improving Pearson correlations in this data set, our results highlight that evaluations of the effectiveness and efficiency of STS models are critical. In future, we suggest more evaluations on the generalization capability and user-level testing of the models. We call for community efforts to create more biomedical and clinical STS data sets from different perspectives to reflect the multifaceted notion of sentence-relatedness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-624
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Mousavi ◽  
Tareef Hayat Khan ◽  
Amin Mohammadi

Home-based workspaces have considerably increased all over the world. Besides, the recent outbreak of the COVID-19 disease forced many people to work from their homes. However, existing residential apartment buildings (ERABs) had been designed for accommodation but not for office works. Low-quality visual environments in ERABs, which have no shading controls on their windows, are evident in tropical climates with extremely high solar radiation. Thus, interior retrofit is significant to provide visual comfort for users in ERABs with low flexibility for modification of their facades. Different interior design variables were simulated by the Radiance-based program to analyse daylighting in a closed-plan room. Before the simulation experiments, field measurement of daylight was performed under a tropical sky to validate the results, and the findings revealed significant Pearson correlations. This paper showed that ERABs are confronting extremely high indoor daylight quantity, up to 10,228 lx, and low quality with intolerable glare. An adjustable model of internal shading, including an integrated Venetian blind with a horizontal light shelf and the window films, was proposed to improve quantitative and qualitative performances of daylighting in tropical regions. This dynamic model could be adjusted to various positions based on daylighting conditions in the buildings. By comparing the simulation results of this model with the base model, indoor illuminance levels could successfully reduce from 32% to 86%; Illuminance Uniformity Ratio (IUR) and Target Daylight Illuminance (TDI) significantly improved up to 180% and 300%, respectively; Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) and CIE Glare Index (CGI) changed from intolerable to imperceptible status. Accordingly, the proposed model can considerably improve daylight quantity and quality in the test room during different times. This study concludes that the dynamic model of internal shadings could provide efficient daylighting, by decreasing the extremely high indoor illuminance and glare in the ERABs in tropical climates.


Author(s):  
Neus Zuzama ◽  
Josep Roman-Juan ◽  
Aina Fiol-Veny ◽  
Maria Balle

AbstractThis study explored the association between temperament—i.e., positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA)—and emotion regulation (ER), and what momentary factors influence the selection of rumination or reappraisal during adolescents’ daily life. The type of social situation in which negative events occurred, the self-rated degrees of discomfort, the types of predominant emotions experienced, and the use of reappraisal and rumination were assessed at 24 different times with an ecological momentary assessment approach given to 71 adolescents. PA, NA, and ER style were evaluated using self-reports. Bivariate Pearson correlations analysis revealed that NA and negative ER style correlated positively with the rumination use whereas PA correlated negatively with the rumination use. Negative ER style moderated the relationship between NA and the frequency with which rumination was used. The moderated function of positive ER style could not be tested due to its lack of association with the rumination use. Adolescents selected rumination more often during family-related events and when experiencing depression-like emotions. No interaction effects were shown between negative ER style and the momentary factors related with the type of social situation and the type of prevailing emotion during negative event. No associations between study variables and reappraisal were found. This study provides a better understanding of ER patterns in adolescence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-262
Author(s):  
Lara Haikal ◽  
Ève Boissonnault ◽  
Mathieu Boudier-Revéret ◽  
Jehane H Dagher

OBJECTIVE: To understand dancers’ perception of accessibility to care and quality of the relationship with healthcare practitioners in Quebec; to identify the key elements of an optimal dancer–physician relationship; and to propose recommendations for improvement. METHODS: An online questionnaire consisting of multiple choice, “yes/no,” and short answer questions was sent to professional dance organizations, companies, agencies, and schools in Quebec, Canada. Information regarding the dance artists’ sociodemographics, dance background, dance-related injuries, and access to a primary care physician were collected. Experiences and expectations regarding the dancer–physician relationship were surveyed. One-way ANOVA analyses and Pearson correlations were performed to assess differences of perception between dancers’ demographic characteristics and associations between the variables. RESULTS: Out of 161 participants, 144 met inclusion criteria, consisting of largely French-speaking females, North American or European decent, self-employed contemporary dancers with an average age of 33.13 ± 10.81 yrs. Dance artists sought medical care from osteopaths (47.9%) and physiotherapists (36.1%) more frequently than from physicians (8.3%). Fully employed dancers had more favorable perceptions of the dancer–physician relationship compared to self-employed dancers and those who had mixed streams of income. The perception of most participants was that physicians do not comprehend the unique dance-associated impacts on health (81.8%). The most important aspect affecting perception of the relationship with the physician was diagnostic acumen (41.3%). Most participants (79.0%) selected “works with other health professionals [...] and gives expert advice” as an important expectation from physicians. CONCLUSION: This research is the first investigation of the dancer–physician relationship in Quebec. It reveals a desire amongst the dance artist community to improve the dancer–physician relationship and the overall quality of their unique healthcare requirements.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
Jessie VanSwearingen ◽  
Mark Redfern ◽  
Ervin Sejdic ◽  
Andrea Rosso ◽  
Anisha Suri

Abstract Community mobility involves walking with physical and cognitive challenges. In older adults (N=116; results here from initial analyses: N=29, Age=75±5 years, 51% females), we assessed gait speed and smoothness (harmonic-ratio) while walking on even and uneven surfaces, with or without an alternate alphabeting dual-task (ABC). ANOVA assessed surface and dual-task effects; Pearson correlations compared gait with global cognition and executive function composite z-scores. The four conditions (even, uneven, even-ABC and uneven-ABC) affected speed(m/s) (0.97±0.14 vs 0.90±0.15 vs 0.83±0.17 vs 0.79±0.16). Smoothness (2.19±0.48 vs 1.89±0.38 vs 1.92±0.53 vs 1.7±0.43) was affected by only surface (controlled for speed). Greater speed was associated with better global cognition(ρ=0.47 to 0.49, p<0.05) for all conditions and with better executive function for even-ABC(ρ=0.39, p=0.04) and uneven-ABC(ρ=0.40, p=0.03). Executive function was associated with smoothness during even(ρp=-0.42, p=0.03) and uneven(ρp=-0.39, p=0.04) walking. Type of walking challenge differentially affects gait quality and associations with cognitive function.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1043-1044
Author(s):  
Haley Hicks ◽  
Anthony McBroom ◽  
Patrick Roscher ◽  
Jessie VanSwearingen ◽  
Kristin Lowry

Abstract Although it is essential to navigating the world, curved path walking is a challenge to mediolateral balance control. The focus of previous curved-path walking research was in spatiotemporal characteristics. We quantified the foot-ground interaction, center of pressure (COP) characteristics during non-linear (eg curved-path) walking important to understand the functional mechanics of directional changes for curved paths. We hypothesized the foot mechanics differ between older adults with better versus poorer curved-path walking (Figure of 8 Walk Test, F8W). Twenty-five older adults (mean age 71.8 ± 8.9 years) completed the F8W on an instrumented walkway (Protokinetics, LLC.) The derived metrics of the foot mechanics included medial/lateral movement of the COP for inside and outside steps, maximum medial and lateral COP excursions, and total medial/lateral COP range. Pearson correlations were used to examine relations F8W (time and steps) and COP metrics; ANOVAs were used to examine differences in COP metrics between older adults grouped by median-split of F8W time. Longer F8W time and more steps were related to lesser total COP range and outside foot lateral maximum excursion (r range -0.415 to -0.706, p<0.04). Older adults with stronger F8W performance compared to poorer F8W performance had larger outside foot total COP ranges (3.61cm vs 4.39cm, p=0.016) and greater lateral excursion (1.60cm vs 2.12cm, p=0,003). Foot-ground interactions offer new insights into control of curved path walking and methods for evaluating efficacy of interventions focused on improving walking skill in older adults.


Sains Insani ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlinda Ab Halim ◽  
Arabiah Ain Ali ◽  
Wan Hanim Nadrah Wan Muda

Motivasi guru memainkan peranan yang penting sebagai persediaan menjadi guru sebelum melangkah ke dunia realiti sebagai seorang pendidik. Tiga aspek yang disentuh berkaitan motivasi guru pelatih iaitu intrinsik, altruistik dan ekstrinsik. Manakala persepsi guru pelatih dilihat menerusi perspektif pengalaman, pengetahuan dan pembelajaran sepanjang menjalani latihan mengajar. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti tahap motivasi guru pelatih dan persepsi guru pelatih terhadap latihan mengajar setelah menjalani latihan mengajar serta hubungan antara pembolehubah tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Seramai 80 orang pelajar terlibat sebagai responden merupakan pelajar Sarjana Muda di Fakulti Pendidikan Teknikal dan Vokasional (FPTV) yang mempunyai pengalaman dalam latihan mengajar. Instrumen kajian berbentuk soal selidik digunakan dalam mengumpul data. Data kajian dianalisa secara deskriptif dan inferensi menggunakan skor min, sisihan piawai dan korelasi Pearson. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan guru pelatih mempunyai tahap motivasi yang tinggi sewaktu menjalani Latihan Mengajar. Persepsi guru pelatih terhadap latihan mengajar pula menunjukkan nilai min yang tinggi. Terdapat hubungan yang positif yang kuat antara motivasi dengan persepsi guru pelatih setelah selesai menjalani latihan mengajar. Persepsi guru pelatih terhadap latihan mengajar sedikit sebanyak mempengaruhi tahap motivasi guru-guru tersebut. Kepentingan menjaga momentum motivasi adalah penting agar sesi latihan mengajar tersebut dapat berjalan lancar dan guru pelatih terus kekal positif untuk menjalani latihan mengajar.   Teacher motivation plays an important role as the preparation before entering the real world as educators. There are three aspects related to the motivation of trainee teachers, namely intrinsic, altruistic and extrinsic. While the perception of trainee teachers is seen through the perspective of experience, knowledge and learning throughout the teaching practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of motivation of trainee teachers and the perception of the trainee teachers towards teaching practice and also the relationship between both variables. This study was conducted through a quantitative approach. A total of 80 students involved as respondents are Bachelor students in the Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education (FPTV) who have experience in teaching practice. Research instruments in the form of questionnaires were used in collecting data. The data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using mean scores, standard deviations, and Pearson correlations. The analysis of the data shows that the trainee teachers have high motivation level throughout the teaching practice. The trainee teachers' perceptions towards teaching practice show a high mean score value. There is a strong positive relationship between motivation and the perception of trainee teachers after undergoing teaching practice. Trainee teachers' perceptions towards teaching practice to some extent affect the level of motivation of these teachers. The importance of maintaining motivational momentum is a crucial part in order to make sure the teaching practice runs smoothly, and trainee teachers always are positive towards the teaching practice.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Azarpajouh ◽  
María Pia Munita ◽  
Julia Adriana Calderón Díaz

Abstract Background This study aimed to measure the length of metacarpal and metatarsal bones in five Iranian sheep breeds and to correlate the length of the bones with ungula measurements. Thoracic and pelvic limbs of 2-year-old, previously untrimmed, pastured Afshari, Moghani, Kurdi, Makoui, and Lori–Bakhtiari ewes, (n = 20 ewes per breed) were collected after slaughter. The following lengths were recorded in the metacarpal and metatarsal bones: from the margo proximalis lateralis to the lateral (L1) and medial (D1) cartilago physialis; from the margo proximalis lateralis to the margo abaxialis of the lateral (L2) and medial (D2) caput; from the cartilago physialis lateralis to the margo abaxialis of the lateral caput (X1); from the cartilago physialis medialis to the margo distalis of the caput ridge (X2) and from the margo axialis of cartilago physialis to the margo axialis of the lateral caput (X3). Additionally, measurements of the ungula including pars dorsalis length, pars mobilis lateralis and medialis height, pars dorsalis height to the ground and to the solea cornea, thickness of the solea in the pars dorsalis, pars mobilis lateralis and medialis, solea cornea length and angulus dorsalis were recorded in the medial and lateral digits of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Data on length of the metatarsal and metacarpal bones were analysed using mixed model equations while Pearson correlations were calculated between metacarpal and metatarsal bones and ungula measurements. Results Lori- Bakhtiari and Moghani ewes had greater L1, L2, and D1 and D2 while X1, X2 and X3 was greater in Kurdi ewes (P < 0.05). Measurements such as L1, L2, D1 and D2 were greater in the metatarsal than in metacarpal bones (P < 0.05) and the opposite was observed for X1, X2 and X3 (P < 0.05). No asymmetry was observed between the lateral and medial measurements (P > 0.05). Low to moderate correlations were observed between bone and ungula measurements (P < 0.05). Conclusion Under the conditions of this study, differences in metacarpal and metatarsal bone measurements were observed between breeds but no asymmetry was observed between lateral and medial bones. Results indicate an association between metacarpal and metatarsal bones ungula measurements. This could provide baseline information for the development and/or improvement of current ungula health protocols in the studied sheep breeds.


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