Study of Using Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Performance of Financial Markets

In an attempt to revive the stock market in Egypt and revitalize it to fulfill its developmental role, the Egyptian government has pursued a program of economic and financial reform aimed at improving the regulatory environment for the work of that market and removing all restrictions on foreign exchange transactions for foreign investors on the Egyptian Stock Exchange, so this program allowed free movement of entry and exit of the heads Money without any restrictions. Despite differing opinions about the freedom of movement of capital, however

Liberalization of foreign exchange regulation and control in the Russian Federation: status and trends

. At present, due to the changing economic situation, in particular, against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the question of the need for further liberalization of foreign exchange regulation and control in order to encourage real investment in Russia remains relevant. The liberalization process is the removal of restrictions on foreign exchange transactions between Russian currency residents and non-residents. When carrying out liberalization, the interests of society and the state should be taken into account in terms of national security and welfare.Since the adoption of the legislation on currency regulation and currency control, currency restrictions have been weakened (in particular, the obligation to reserve currency and issue passports of transactions in cross-border transactions has been canceled). Liberalization of foreign exchange legislation continues systematically at the present time. At the same time, against the background of liberalization, more and more noticeable is the increasing attention of the state to the property and income of foreign currency residents abroad in order to “whitewash” the economy.

JUAL BELI VALUTA ASING DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

ABSTRAKKejadian baru-baru ini yang melanda bangsa Indonesia mengenai krisis ekonomi telah banyak menyengsarakan kehidupan rakyat khususnya dalam bidang pangan. Kejadian krisis tersebut selain dilanda wabah covid-19 juga diakibatkan dengan salah satunya adalah adanya transaksi jual beli valas di bursa valas yang disalahgunakan oleh para spekulan. Mereka hanya bertujuan untuk mencari keuntungan yang sebesar-besarnya (menjadikan uang dan sebagai alat tukar menjadi alat komoditi) tanpa melihat kehidupan bangsa Indonesia di masa yang akan datang. Hal ini tentunya muncul berbagai permasalahan, di antaranya: 1) Bagaimana pelaksanaan transaksi kurs beli dan kurs jual valuta asing, dan 2) Bagaimana alasan ketetapan jual beli valuta asing menurut hukum Islam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan transaksi kurs beli dan kurs jual valuta asing, dan 2) untuk mengetahui alasan ketetapan jual beli valuta asing menurut hukum Islam. Berdasarkan hasil pengkajian dan penelitian terhadap literatur-literatur yang relevan dengan permasalahan ditemukan bahwa dalam Islam dikenal berbagai transaksi jual beli baik yang dilarang maupun yang dibolehkan. Terdapat tiga bagian dalam transaksi valas, yaitu: transaksi spot, transaksi forward, dan transaksi swap. Dari ketiga transaksi tersebut berdasarkan pengkajian terhadap literatur yang dibolehkan menurut hukum Islam adalah transaksi spot atau dalam istilah hukum Islam yadan biyadin (tunai). Sedangkan transaksi forward dan transaksi swap hukumnya haram, karena transaksi tersebut di dalamnya mengandung unsur riba.ABSTRACTThe recent events that hit the Indonesian people regarding the economic crisis have made many people's lives miserable, especially in the food sector. Apart from being hit by the COVID-19 outbreak, this crisis was also caused by one of which was the existence of foreign exchange buying and selling transactions on the forex market that were misused by speculators. They only aim to seek the maximum profit (making money and as a medium of exchange into a commodity) without looking at the life of the Indonesian people in the future. Of course, various problems arise, including: 1) How to carry out transactions of buying and selling foreign exchange rates, and 2) What are the reasons for the determination of buying and selling foreign exchange according to Islamic law. The objectives of this study are: 1) to determine the implementation of the transaction of buying and selling foreign exchange rates, and 2) to find out the reasons for the determination of buying and selling foreign exchange according to Islamic law. Based on the results of studies and research on the literature relevant to the problem, it was found that in Islam there are various buying and selling transactions, both prohibited and permitted. There are three parts to foreign exchange transactions, namely: spot transactions, forward transactions, and swap transactions. Of the three transactions, based on a review of the literature, what is permitted under Islamic law is a spot transaction or in terms of Islamic law yadan biyadin (cash). Meanwhile, forward transactions and swap transactions are illegitimate, because these transactions contain elements of usury.

SwapCT: Swap Confidential Transactions for Privacy-Preserving Multi-Token Exchanges

Decentralized token exchanges allow for secure trading of tokens without a trusted third party. However, decentralization is mostly achieved at the expense of transaction privacy. For a fair exchange, transactions must remain private to hide the participants and volumes while maintaining the possibility for noninteractive execution of trades. In this paper we present a swap confidential transaction system (SwapCT) which is related to ring confidential transactions (e.g. used in Monero) but supports multiple token types to trade among and enables secure, partial transactions for noninteractive swaps. We prove that SwapCT is secure in a strict, formal model and present its efficient performance in a prototype implementation with logarithmic signature sizes for large anonymity sets. For our construction we design an aggregatable signature scheme which might be of independent interest. Our SwapCT system thereby enables a secure and private exchange for tokens without a trusted third party.

Transaksi Go-Pay Pada Perusahaan Go-Jek Indonesia Cabang Makassar dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

The purpose of this study was to determine the Go-Pay transaction process and the problem of pricing between cash transactions and Go-Pay transactions as well as the solution to the perspective of Islamic law. A qualitative research method was adopted in this study by using the approaches of juridical normative and qualitative descriptive. The data sources are drivers, merchants, consumers, and companies as primary data and other scientific papers as secondary data. Data collection methods used were interviews, observation, and documents with the number of informants are 12 people. Data processing and analysis techniques were carried out in three stages, namely; reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that there are three important processes in Go-Pay transactions, namely: Top Up Process, Transfer Process or Withdrawal Go-Pay Balances, and Payment Process. In the process of using Go-Pay are two transactions in Islam that take place, namely transactions: al-Ijārah (service rental) and al-Ṣarf (money exchange) transactions. Meanwhile, the problem faced by consumers in fixing prices between cash transactions and Go-Pay transactions is a problem that can be resolved by the Decree of the Head of the Minister of Transportation No. KP 348 of 2009. From the perspective of Islamic law, the settlement with the Go-Pay transaction system is an al-Ṣarf transaction with the legal consequence that Go-Pay transactions are allowed in shariah with the promo offered by the company as a gift.

CURRENCY MARKET OF KAZAKHSTAN BEFORE AND IN TIME OF PANDEMIA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Settlements in national and foreign currency are made between residents of the republics participating in various international trade relations and capital flows. With the help of foreign assets, various financial transactions are carried out, gold and foreign exchange reserves of the country are formed, some economic norms and indicators are calculated (target earnings of the bank, private capital, etc.). In connection with this, it is necessary to create a developed foreign exchange market, which will allow to increase the volume of foreign exchange transactions. The article provides a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the development of the foreign exchange market in Kazakhstan and the changes caused by the impact of the global pandemic on it.