Judicial Interpretation in Resolving the Conflict on Jurisdiction between the Central Government and the Federating Units

The tension between the central government and the federating units has always been an intractable issue between the forces of centralization and decentralization in a federalism with the judiciary at the intersection of the conflict. Therefore, this study examines judicial interpretation in resolving the conflict on jurisdiction between the central government and the federating units. It applies Henri Lefebvre’s theory of space, Richard Ford’s analysis of jurisdiction, Benjamin Cardozo’s and Oliver Wendell Holmes’s psychology of judging to judicial interpretation in resolving the conflict on jurisdiction between the central government and the federating units. It finds that the justices on the majority and the minority who interpret the constitution to resolve questions of jurisdiction between the central government and the federating units often play politics of space hidden within the interstices of legal rules without being conscious of their psychological biases. Hence, it argues that instead of playing politics of space, what the justices should do is to apply the principles in Keynesian federalism bolstered by the rule of presumption. With this, the influence of politics borne of psychological biases can be reduced while both the central government and the federating units are given equal chances. In conclusion, it recommends that whenever the judges are called upon to resolve the conflict between the central government and the federating units, the principle in Keynesian federalism with the rule of presumption should be applied.

Multifarious Trajectories in Plant-Based Ethnoveterinary Knowledge in Northern and Southern Eastern Europe

Over the last century in the European context, animal production has been transformed by the dynamics of centralization and decentralization due to political and economic factors. These processes have influenced knowledge related to healing and ensuring the welfare of domestic animals. Therefore, our study aimed to document and compare current and past ethnoveterinary practices, and to identify trajectories in ethnoveterinary knowledge in study regions from both northern and southern Eastern Europe. In the summers of 2018 and 2019, we conducted 476 interviews, recording the use of 94 plant taxa, 67 of which were wild and 24 were cultivated. We documented 452 use reports, 24 of which were related to the improvement of the quality or quantity of meat and milk, while the other 428 involved ethnoveterinary practices for treating 10 domestic animal taxa. Cattle were the most mentioned target of ethnoveterinary treatments across all the study areas, representing about 70% of all use reports. Only four plant species were reported in five or more countries (Artemisia absinthium, Hypericum spp., Linum usitatissimum, Quercus robur). The four study regions located in Northern and Southern Eastern Europe did not present similar ethnoveterinary knowledge trajectories. Bukovinian mountain areas appeared to hold a living reservoir of ethnoveterinary knowledge, unlike the other regions. Setomaa (especially Estonian Setomaa) and Dzukija showed an erosion of ethnoveterinary knowledge with many uses reported in the past but no longer in use. The current richness of ethnoveterinary knowledge reported in Bukovina could have been developed and maintained through its peculiar geographical location in the Carpathian Mountains and fostered by the intrinsic relationship between the mountains and local pastoralists and by its unbroken continuity of management even during the Soviet era. Finally, our results show some patterns common to several countries and to the veterinary medicine promoted during the time of the Soviet Union. However, the Soviet Union and its centralized animal breeding system, resulted in a decline of ethnoveterinary knowledge as highly specialized veterinary doctors worked in almost every village. Future research should examine the complex networks of sources from where farmers derive their ethnoveterinary knowledge.

Strategic corporate changes under the conditions of developing digital twin management systems

The key postulates of company management, strategic changes in business activity management are considered. Regularities of business behavior, conditions of achievement of business efficiency and limitations of functioning, tasks of macro- and micro-management, principles of centralization and decentralization of management, methods of evaluation of effectiveness of strategy of changes, organizational mechanisms of corporate system action in conditions of innovative transformations are consistently deployed. The necessity of using a digital twin of the management system for solving planning tasks and compliance with proportions and ratios at different phases of the company’s development cycle is substantiated.

The Impact of Centralization and Decentralization on Employees Performance

This research paper investigates the impact of centralization and decentralization on employees performance, as well as, understanding the relationship between both centralization and decentralization and employees performance. Furthermore, we used both primary data and secondary data. Questionnaires were distributed and the number of respondents were 25. We used statistical analysis to analyze the data. Reliability test was applied to measure the validity of the questionnaire. However, our results indicate that if the organization applies decentralization, there will be an increase in the employees' performance. Moreover, employees' performance will increase if the organization applies the following: quick accomplishment, easy procedures, and delegation of authority.

The balance between centralization and decentralization of anti-corruption legal regulation with regards to public officials

The subject of this research is the anti-corruption legal regulation with regards to public officials from the perspective of balance between centralization and decentralization of such regulation. The goal lies in critical analysis of the established normative framework in the area of prevention of corruption for assessing the effectiveness of the applied mechanism of legal regulation. Anti-corruption legal regulation is characterized with multiplicity of normative acts, distribution or duplication of the normative legal content of acts of superior legal force in the acts of inferior legal force. Special attention is given to the examples of decentralization of anti-corruption regulation and methods of ensuring its coherence. The author provides the examples of centralization of anti-corruption regulation, which stemmed from the development of anti-corruption instruments. The conducted research allowed making recommendations on systematization of anti-corruption legislation with centralization and comprehensive anti-corruption regulation with regards to public officials. The key decrees of the President of the Russian Federation in the sphere of anti-corruption regulation with regards to public officials have been adopted over the period from 2009 to 201, and require refinement, taking into consideration the accumulated experience of their legal enforcement. The author also suggest legislating the content of the principle of uniform state policy in the sphere of prevention of corruption.

The concept of public health. Types of health systems. Parallel between the Romanian and the Australian health system

Medical management is a field that combines, both in theory and in practice, two somewhat different domains, administration and the medical domain, creating a third area of activity, namely that of medical management. This review is part of a study of health services management, which seeks to find solutions to improve the efficiency of the the management and administration of the medical system, both locally and nationally. In order to be able to study and evaluate, from a scientific point of view, the concepts of centralization and decentralization of the public health system in Romania, it is absolutely pertinent, but also mandatory, to focus on defining the notion of health system. Only later can we approach and research the process of decentralization of health, the political and economic context in which it can be initiated, as well as how to activate and carry it out. Decentralization, as a phenomenon of the transfer of rights and obligations, from the level of the central authority to the level of the local authority, can take various forms. From a theoretical and practical point of view, the forms of decentralization can be studied, evaluated and concluded by emphasizing the strengths and weaknesses. Also important to study are the ways of putting health systems into practice, which from the point of view of the source of funding are divided into state-funded health systems (Semashko, Beveridge and Bismarck) and privately funded health systems.

E-GOVERNMENT IN OPTIMIZING NON-TAX REVENUE OF THE MINING SECTOR IN INDONESIA

This research purpose to analyze the strategic and technical to encourage the potential of Regional Contribution of Non-Tax State Revenues (PNBP) of the mining sector is still not optimal in Indonesia given the existing number of inhibiting factors, such as corruption loophole, non-compliance, and inefficiency throughout the mining cycle. Whereas, several demands have raised by the community in mining governance, such as better government services, the need for flexibility and accuracy in formulating policies, and the need for improving the information technology of the PNBP management system. Based on the literature review using centralization and decentralization theory, two conclusions are produced. First, PNBP governance in the mining sector has not implemented e-government in integrating the central government, regional/local governments, Mining Business Permit holders, and competence stakeholders. Second, the e-government implementation should reflect public participation, transparency, and accountability at every stage of mining activities in overcoming the supervision weaknesses and the existing regulatory gaps that have caused the non-optimal of PNBP of the mining sector.