Market chain analysis of smallholder coffee producers in debub ari district of south omo zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia

This study mainly aimed at analyzing market chain analysis of coffee in the Debub Ari District. The descriptive and S-C-P model was used. Both primary and secondary data were collected from the study area. The multi-stage sampling technique employed for this study. A total of 194 coffee producer household heads have been randomly selected and interviewed with the help of pre-tested structured questionnaire. The focus group discussion and key informants interviews were conducted to supplement the formal data. The results of S-C-P model indicated that the four firms concentration ratio (CR4) result in the study area was found to be tight oligopolistic for both red and dry coffee which accounts 89.2 and 80.0%, respectively. About 72% of price setting was done by buyers, 27% negotiation and 1% by the producers. There are seven market channels, which have been identified in the study area. The computed marketing margin among different actors and channels indicated that the total gross marketing margin (TGMM) of coffee is high in channel I, II, III whereas the producers marketing margin (GMMp) was highest in channel VII. Therefore, the intervention is needed to improve coffee marketing chain through promoting cooperatives, infrastructural development and timely market information for efficient marketing system in the study area. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 61-68, Dec 2021

Digital marketing as a strategy for fulfilling Eid Al-Adha beef cattle: A case study of start-up companies

The demand for beef cattle increases every year ahead of the Eid al-Adha celebration. While the fulfillment of orders in the market is rising, the critical point is that the distribution of beef cattle tends to be uneven between regions. This paper proposes a case study of how the interaction between market and demand fulfillment, in the case of the beef cattle market, can be supported by digital marketing. The focus is how the new company (start-up) creates a marketing chain between regions, West Nusa Tenggara and DKI Jakarta. An in-depth characterization of the marketing chain was carried out through semi-structured interviews. In addition, secondary data uses institutional/private publication data, which is then analyzed descriptively. Using integrated marketing communications (IMC) practices, we explore an enhanced framework for managing communications in the digital world. This research is expected to help fulfill the needs of livestock (beef cattle) to be more optimal, concise, attractive, and evenly distributed so that the social objectives of the celebration of Eid al-Adha are achieved. The study also highlights the utility for organizations to use social media strategically rather than simply as a tactical tool.

Valuation of rubber farming business in support of food security: a case study in Pulang Pisau Regency

Government efforts to restore peat lands should consider to environmental benefits and considerable economic benefits for local communities. Rubber plant is one of the most cultivated commodities on peat lands and contributes to farmers’ income. Income from rubber business can improve their access to food sources to support food security. To ensure the sustainability of income from this business, this study aims to evaluate the rubber plantation business, map the marketing chain, and determine the contribution to household income. The research location is in Buntoi and Mantaren 1 villages, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. Data are collected through in-depth interviews with farmers and rubber commodity marketers. The business valuation methods use Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio). The results of the analysis show that the rubber plantation business meets the criteria for feasibility with a positive NPV value (cash inflow is greater than cash outflow), IRR is greater than the rate of return, and B/C is above 1. The rubber commodity marketing chain consists of farmers, traders, business groups, and processing industries. Farmers as producers play an essential role in ensuring the sustainability of the products released by considering the environmental aspects of the peat ecosystem characteristics. On the other hand, the processing industry plays an important role as a potential partner who can work directly with farmers/communities to guarantee the products released by the community and increase the added value of the products. Income from the rubber business has an important role in household income as well as supporting economic access to food.

Study of the Combretum micranthum G Don Sector (Kinkeliba) in Senegal

Combretum micranthum (kinkeliba) is one of the most used medicinal plants in Senegal. However, its commercialization is poorly studied. The objective of this study is to analyze the commercialization of Combretum micranthum in Senegal. The study was carried out in two main regions of kinkeliba marketing in Senegal: Dakar, where kinkeliba is marketed; and Thies, where kinkeliba is produced and marketed. Structured and unstructured surveys were administered to different categories of stakeholders: herbalists / traditional practitioners, collectors/ suppliers, retailers and consumers. Production sites that supply Dakar include the following: Diass, Sindia, Kiniabour, Pout, Thies Lalane. The main sales points in Dakar are the Thiaroye and Grand Yoff markets. The kinkeliba marketing chain has short channels and women are the main stakeholders. Procurement is done by harvesting in the natural environment and by purchase for herbalists / traditional practitioners. The benefits and added value derived from the marketing of kinkeliba are positive and are increasingly evolving from producers to retailers. The kinkeliba chain, with its constraints and especially its strengths, requires better structuring and to be better known. Keywords: Combretum micranthum, kinkeliba, commercialization, value chain, Senegal.

Peternak Ayam Ras Petelur

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are one of the economic strength pillars of the community because their management involves the community directly, both in providing production facilities, labors, and its marketing chain. However, some SMEs failed in the middle of their business road or are unable to develop. This condition also occurs in SME of Al-Barkah Laying HenFarm. The purpose of implementing this program is to increase business capacity both from the production and management aspects of the Al-Barkah layer chicken business. The method used in overcoming these problems and achieving goals is by providing direct training, guidance, and application of science and technology. All activities were carried out jointly by the owners and employees of UKM Partners, guided by the implementation team. After implementing the program, the SME partner now: (1) understands and can conduct business planning; (2) can carry out business effectiveness and efficiency; (3) can increase understanding of the importance of order in the livestock business process; (4) Understands the importance of hygiene and cage sanitation; and (5) can increase the chicken health, egg production, and farmer income. The conclusion from the program implementation is that the Al-Barkah layer chicken business has increased production by 15% and an increase in business efficiency by 12% as a result of improvements in production and business management aspects.

TAX INCENTIVES OF THE MELON GROWING PRODUCTS IN THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE

The paper summarizes the main problems in the taxation of melons, identifies current trends in this crop and substantiates the direction of leveling the competitive environment for different categories of producers of melons to streamline marketing channels for melons grown by households. The purpose of the article is to summarize the existing problems in the taxation of melon-growing products, to determine current trends in this area and to substantiate the directions of leveling the compe-titive environment with respect to various categories of melon-and-gourd producers for drawing up marketing channels for the sale of melon-growing products grown by households. It is established that the agricultural sector of production is taxed either under the general system or under the simplified system of taxation. Nevertheless, further reforms of tax legislation are being carried out, which directly affect producers. The main shortcomings in the taxation system, including the melon industry, are identified and possible ways to improve it are suggested. One of the promising directions for solving these problems can be the development of agricultural production cooperation, the task of which is to combine the efforts of fragmented producers and increase their share in the final cost of agricultural products sold in the trade network. It is proposed to increase tax reve-nues from the sale of products of the melon growing industry, goods by households, by streamlining the channels for selling the products of the melon growing industry, namely, through its direction in the official marketing chain (production – procure-ment – processing – official trade), the functioning of which provides for the payment of mandatory payments to its subjects on general grounds. It is proposed to increase attention to specialization and concentration of production, to create an asso-ciation of various forms of cooperation and aggregation of commodity producers; attracting investments, increasing the capi-talization of production, including from the state, as the main regulator of the conditions for the formation of market relations in the region.Keywords: agriculture, melon growing, population farms, tax, cooperation, market, marketing. У роботі узагальнені основні проблеми при оподаткуванні продукції галузі баштанництва, визначені сучасні тенденції в даній галузі рослинництва та обґрунтовано напрямки вирівнювання конкурентного середовища стосовно різних категорій товаровиробників баштанної продукції задля упорядкування маркетингових каналів збуту продукції галузі баштанництва, вирощеної господарствами населення. Метою статті є узагальнення наявних проблем при оподаткуванні продукції галузі баштанництва, визначити сучасні тенденції в даній сфері та обґрунтувати напрямки вирівнювання конкурентного середовища стосовно різних категорій товаровиробників баштанної продукції задля упорядкування маркетингових каналів збу-ту продукції галузі баштанництва, вирощеної господарствами населення. Встановлено, що сільськогосподарський сектор виробництва оподатковується або за загальною системою, або за спрощеною системою оподаткування. Та, незважаючи на це, здійснюються й подальші реформи податкового законодавства, які впливають і безпосередньо на виробників продукції. Визначені основні недоліки в системі оподаткування зокрема й галузі баштанництва та запропоновані можливі шляхи його вдосконалення. Одним з перспективних напрямів розв’язання зазначених проблем може стати розвиток сіль-ськогосподарської виробничої кооперації, завданням якої є об’єднання зусиль роздрібнених товаровиробників і підвищення їхньої частки у кінцевій вартості аграрної продукції, що реалізується в торговельній мережі. Запропоновано збільшити податкові надходження від реалізації продукції галузі баштанництва, що виробляється господарствами населення за ра-хунок впорядкування каналів реалізації продукції галузі баштанництва, а саме через її спрямування в офіційний марке-тинговий ланцюг (виробництво – заготівля – переробка – офіційна торгівля), функціонування якого передбачає сплату обов’язкових платежів його суб’єктам на загальних засадах. Пропонується посилити увагу спеціалізації та концентрації виробництва, створення асоціації різних форм кооперації і агрегації товаровиробників; залучення інвестицій, підвищення капіталізації виробництва у тому числі з боку держави, як головного регулятору умов формування ринкових відносин галузі.Ключові слова: сільське господарство, баштанництво, господарства населення, податок, кооперація, ринок, маркетинг.

Impacts of Food Loss on the Cost of Cultivation: A Study on Agriculture Commodities of India

India is the respectable producer of most of the food grains in the world despite such a large production we are the 102nd rank in global hunger index 2019 and one of the most starving nations of the world. For a country like India production is not a problem anymore but the food available for human consumption is the problem as there is a huge amount of food loss in the marketing chain [1,2,3]. India losses a large amount of its production in post-harvest activities due to under established supply chains and poor infrastructure. So, this paper studies the effect of post-harvest losses on the cost of food production in the long-terms both empirically (Simple regression analysis) and theoretically (law of Scarcity by Lionel Robbins) from 1997 to 2017 and unravels that they are positively correlated i.e., post-harvest losses are one of major determining factor for actual price hike in the cost of cultivation of major agriculture commodities in India.

Efficiency Marketing of Onion In Bantul Regency

Onion is one of the potential horticultural plants in Yogyakarta Special Region. Onion production center is located in District Saden and Imogiri District, Bantul regency. This research has objectives to (1) know the onion marketing chain in Bantul Regency and (2) to know the most efficient marketing channel using Acharya method. Respondents were randomly selected as many as 60 onion farmers in Bantul District. Snowball method is used to get two wholesalers, three merchant collectors, and three retailers by following the distribution of onion sales from farmers to consumers. The results showed that the onion marketing chain in Bantul district consists of three marketing channels. The most abundant onion chain of marketing compositions in Bantul District is farmers-wholesalers-collectors-retailers-consumers, farmers-wholesalers-collectors, and farmers- collectors-retailers. Marketing on onion in Bantul Regency is done most efficiently in the third marketing channel that is farmers-collectors-retailers. This research is expected to give information about the marketing chain of onion in Bantul regency.