RELATIONSHIPS APROPOS IN-GAME INDUSTRY OBJECTS

The article is devoted to consideration of in-game industry objects, their legal nature and relationshipswith them. At the present stage of information technologies development, various means of leisure areincreasingly popular, in particular online games. It is also important that from the category of children’sgames, such leisure has grown into the rank of serious hobbies, accompanied by significant financialinvestments, which determined the relevance of this work. The incorporation of commodity-money relationsinto in-game ones inevitably entails the need to interpret such relations from the legal point of view. In orderto substantiate the need for legal regulation of relations with respect to the objects of the in-game industryusing the dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, various relations emerging with respect to such objectsare considered, constructions, including those developed by foreign authors, are proposed, which makes itpossible to delimit the range of subject relations to regulation by law. Various positions of understanding thiskind of relations are identified and briefly presented, also the possibility of using one of them is substantiated.The judicial practice of the Russian Federation on this issue was criticized, and the unfairness of the approachused by the Russian courts was revealed. As a result of the study, the authors propose to consider the relationsabout in-game objects as licensed.

Authority of the Health of the Head of Population and Civil Registration of the Head of Regulation by Law Regulation

Department of Population and Civil Registration is one of the Regional Service which is part of the Regional Apparatus that has the task of carrying out Regional Government Affairs and Assistance Tasks in the field of Population and Civil Registration. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the arrangements for the authority of the appointment of heads of population and civil registration according to legislation, and the implementation of the appointment of the Head of the Population and Civil Registration Service. Research methods, types of normative legal research with regulatory approaches, conceptual approaches, and case approaches, using primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Legal materials obtained are processed and analyzed prescriptively normatively. Conclusion, there is a conflict of authority setting norms for the appointment of the Head of the Population and Civil Registration Service in force in Indonesia which results in juridical defects of State Administrative Decrees issued by officials deemed unauthorized, legal products in the form of decrees issued by unauthorized officials must be revoked and declared invalid as stipulated in Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration.

The Order of Satisfaction of Creditors' Claims on Current Payments in the Bankruptcy Case: Problems of Applying Russian Legislation

The article examines the issues of the Russian bankruptcy legislation in time and the problems of its application arising in connection of meeting current payments. Analyzing the legislation regulating the relationships of insolvency (bankruptcy) before the entry into force of the amendments introduced by the Federal Law No. 296-FZ of December 30, 2008, attention is drawn to the insufficient regulation of the order of satisfaction of current claims, which in some cases completely blocks the entire bankruptcy procedure. As one of the solutions to this problem, it is proposed to envisage and legislatively fix the procedure for transition from regulation by law in the old version to regulation by law in a new edition. Adoption of such changes will solve the problem of meeting the requirements of current creditors in bankruptcy procedures introduced before the entry into force of the Federal Law No. 296-FZ of December 30, 2008.

’Governance by Things’ as a challenge to regulation by law

In this paper the authors examine how the rise of the Internet of Things will challenge regulatory structures. Coming from the idea of “code as law” the shift from technology governing online spaces to physical spaces is described as a new phenomenon. They call it ‘Governance by Things’. Some key observations of this structural shift are characterised in this article, for instance regarding its self-executing character and the imperfection of technology. Finally, the authors draw the conclusion that the ‘Governance by Things’ calls for a second-order regulation.Internet Policy Review, 5(2).

Physicians’ and medical students’ knowledge on rehabilitation

There are few data on the rehabilitation knowledge of medical specialists and medical students. Aim: Assessment of the rehabilitation knowledge of medical specialists working in general hospitals and of final year medical students. Methods: A paper form survey was performed using a questionnaire containing seven multiple choice questions and three definitions. Questionnaires were filled in independently on the spot. The three answering groups were physicians (specialized in orthopedic surgery, neurology or neurosurgery) working in a general hospital that had a rehabilitation ward, final year medical students from Semmelweis University, and trainees in rehabilitation medicine. The survey was voluntary and anonymous. Results: Forty physicians, 42 students and 39 rehabilitation trainees filled in the questionnaire. Half of the students gave correct answers to questions about rehabilitation specialization, the existing university chairs, the percentage of people with disabilities in Hungary, and the way of sending patients for rehabilitation consultation. The number of beds designed for rehabilitation was unknown, but with regard to the existence of regulation by law the rights of people with disabilities were well-known by all groups. Very few were able to define the basic categories (rehabilitation, disability). Rehabilitation knowledge of physicians was not better than that of students, but rehabilitation trainees were better informed. Conclusions: According to findings of the authors, students and physicians do not have enough rehabilitation knowledge to perform medical activities adequately. Enlargement of the medical curriculum with basic rehabilitation knowledge is essential. A rehabilitation training course is necessary for physicians to be better equipped to carry out their daily hospital work. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 954–961.

Deviance Reporting as a Tool in Continuous Quality Improvement. Regulation and Stimulation through Legislation

Since 1994 all Norwegian hospitals have to report events of deviance (i.e. events that caused or might cause harm to any patient) to the "Database for Reported Events" of the Norwegian Board of Health. In 1997 in total 4,433 events were reported, of these 620 had 'major negative effect to the patient', while 113 were classified as unnatural deaths. Huge differences exist in the frequencies of hospitals' deviance reporting, ranging from less than one to more than 100 reports per 100.000 patient days.The regulation by law to report any major deviance event, enforces the local quality improvements in the hospital. The dialogue within and with the hospitals is stressed, to ensure the continuous quality improvement 'within service'. The legal regulations cause fear of sanctions from national authorities — which is not the purpose for the national system for deviance reporting. So far, the obligation to report to the national database seems to stimulate and fertilise the local handling of deviance events within the hospitals, as the number of events reported is steadily increasing.A survey including all hospitals and their owners indicate that the hospital managers only to some degree actually use the experiences gained through deviance reporting to stimulate continuous quality improvement, as the feed-back loop is not used systematically. The knowledge on infirmities, reported as deviance events, is only rarely taken into consideration in long-term planning and budgeting by the hospital owners.