Does internationalization encourage state-owned enterprises to utilize subsidies to innovate? Evidence from high-tech and automobile manufacturing industries of Chinese listed companies

Purpose Drawing on the resource-based view, institutional logic and isomorphic pressure theories, this study constructed a theoretical model to explore the correlations between government subsidies and innovation performance. Particularly, this study aims to investigate the moderating effects of ownership types and degree of internationalization on these relationships. Design/methodology/approach To empirically test the relationships, the authors use panel data from high-tech manufacturing and automobile manufacturing industries in Chinese A stock listed companies for the period 2011–2015 and performed regression analysis. Findings Results indicate that government subsidies positively enhance enterprises’ innovation performance; there is a big gap between government subsidies’ incentive effect on innovation performance between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and private-owned enterprises (POEs); with the improvement of internationalization, the promotion effect of government subsidies on enterprise innovation performance is strengthened; there is a three-way interaction between government subsidies, degree of internationalization and ownership types, such that in the presence of a low degree of internationalization, there is a big gap in the incentive effect of government subsidies on the innovation performance of SOEs and POEs; in the presence of a high degree of internationalization, the gap is significantly reduced. Originality/value This is an empirical study on the impact mechanism of ownership types and internationalization on the relationship between government subsidies and innovation performance in China. It provides valuable insights to show how internationalization can dramatically improve SOEs’ efficiency disadvantages in the allocation of government subsidies to innovation activities.

The availability of organizational resources and the degree of internationalization of furniture companies - the empirical research findings

The availability of organizational resources and the degree of internationalization of furniture companies - the empirical research findings. The article presents the results of empirical research carried out in 100 medium and large furniture companies. The availability of organizational resources was assessed in the group of furniture manufacturers using the Likert scale. The respondents indicated that the highest availability, taking into account the average score for all surveyed companies, was obtained in the case of financial and material resources. It should be emphasized, however, that the remaining categories of resources were also characterized by a relatively high level of availability. The differences were noticed in the groups of enterprises considering the degree of internationalization. The highest availability of all resources was indicated by respondents from companies operating mainly in foreign markets. Moreover, the relationship between the level of availability of organizational resources and the degree of internationalization of the surveyed enterprises was checked. For this purpose, the Spearman's rho correlation coefficient was used. Such a relationship was confirmed in the case of human resources and information resources. The research shows that higher availability of the indicated resources occurs in enterprises showing a greater degree of involvement in foreign activities.

The Language Of Viticulture In ESP. Vocabulary Teaching Techniques For Horticulture Students

English is a useful and necessary tool for any ESP student and so too horticulture students will need English in their future careers. Therefore, being able to communicate effectively and use the language in their field appropriately will help their business and increase their level of professionalism. This article will explore various techniques for the teaching of specialized horticultural vocabulary, in particular the terminological aspects of viticulture and viniculture which together form an important and widespread branch of horticulture with high degree of internationalization, given the rising popularity of wine and grape growing around the world. While each branch of ESP deals with its own unique features, so too English for horticulture and its subdivision, viticulture, has its own challenges in terms of vocabulary, of the equivalence between L1 and English and of usage. This article will analyze such particularities and explore ways in which various levels of specialized vocabulary can be taught to students in an engaging and effective manner.

Governmental goals and the international strategies of state-owned multinational enterprises: a conceptual discussion

State owned multinational enterprises (SOMNEs) have received extensive attention in recent research in international business and corporate governance, which demonstrates effects of state ownership on a range of international strategic decisions such as the degree of internationalization, foreign entry modes, and host country location choices. Such effects are explained by factors such as SOMNEs’ non-financial goals, corporate governance, and institutional pressures. However, results are mixed and context-dependent, and overall we still have an incomplete understanding of what governments aim to achieve through SOMNEs, and how these goals in turn lead to different international strategies. This conceptual article aims to explore how specific government goals may affect international strategies. We provide a more fine-grained view on SOMNE financial and non-financial goals and link them to key international strategic decisions such as the degree of internationalization, entry and establishment modes, and host country location choice. We review and extend previous literature and identify novel theoretical arguments, leading to an extensive set of propositions. We also sketch ideas for empirical studies of SOMNE objectives.

How learning orientation drives the international performance of INVs: the roles of entrepreneurial bricolage and degree of internationalization

Purpose Despite extensive research into the effect of organizational learning processes on firm performance, it remains unclear how and when learning orientation influences the international performance of international new ventures (INVs). Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how learning orientation drives the international performance of INVs. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling is used to test the research model with questionnaire data from mainland Chinese INVs. Findings Results show that: learning orientation positively influences entrepreneurial bricolage; entrepreneurial bricolage positively influences the international performance of INVs; entrepreneurial bricolage plays a mediating role between learning orientation and international performance; degree of internationalization (DOI) weakens the effect of entrepreneurial bricolage on international performance. Originality/value This study makes a useful supplement to the INV literature by revealing that entrepreneurial bricolage plays a mediating role in the relationship between learning orientation and the international performance of INVs. It also contributes to the entrepreneurial bricolage literature by introducing entrepreneurial bricolage into the empirical research of INVs and identifying the learning orientation antecedents and performance consequences of entrepreneurial bricolage. In addition, this paper enriches the understanding of the boundary conditions for how entrepreneurial bricolage affects international performance showing that DOI has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial bricolage and international performance.

Qualitative Measure of the Degree of Internationalization: The Case of Huawei

The study of the “degree of internationalization” (DOI) is an important topic in the academic literature of international business. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to measure the DOI of the Chinese company, Huawei, from the perspective of the “depth” and “breadth” of the DOI. To achieve this objective, a qualitative content analysis technique was utilized to analyze Huawei Company’s annual reports over 14-year, from 2006 to 2019, to extract the frequency of words associated with the DOI to carry out the measurement. Huawei’s annual reports for this period were collected from the company’s institutional page. The primary results obtained indicate an increase in the DOI for Huawei in the two dimensions studied of depth and breadth. Also, these results indicate a trend similar to the number of employees and Huawei earnings in the period from 2006 to 2019.

Internationalization and Firm Performance –Case of Manufacturing Firms in Argentina

The main objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the degree of internationalization and the performance of businesses in the manufacturing sector in Argentina. Using a panel data collected by the World Bank over the years 2006, 2010, and 2017 of the manufacturing firms in Argentina, the regression results show empirical evidence of a non-linear relationship (an inverted-U shape) between the degree of internationalization and firm performance of manufacturing firms in Argentina. The implication of this study provides the strategic thinking for managers to understand and come up with the right strategies to reduce risks and enrich business performance in the process of internationalization.