Effect of Thymosin β4 on Deep Second-Degree Scald Wound Healing in Rats via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway

<sec> <title>Objective:</title> The purpose of this research is to explore the influences of thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in deepsecond-degree scald wound healing of rat skin and its relationship with Wnt/β-catenin pathway. </sec> <sec> <title>Methods:</title> Deep second-degree scalded model rats were prepared and divided into normal saline (NS) treatment group, Tβ4 treatment group and FH535 inhibitor group. Then, the concentrations of inflammatory factors in the rats were monitored via adopting the correlated TNF-α and IL-1β ELISA kits. In the meantime, the wound healing rate was analyzed via photography. Subsequently, the qRTPCR procedure was wielded to determine Wnt1 and β-catenin expression in wound tissues, and the degree of wound tissue injury was examined via hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Finally, Western blotting (WB) was adopted to assess Wnt/β-catenin pathway-associated protein levels. </sec> <sec> <title>Results:</title> Releasing amount of TNF-α and IL-1β were conspicuously up-regulated after scalding (p <0.01), and Wnt1 and β-catenin expression at molecular transcription level was also significantly raised (p < 0.01). Besides, treatment with 18 μg of Tβ4 significantly increased the wound healing rate of scalded rats (p < 0.01). In addition, Tβ4 treatment significantly promoted wound healing (p < 0.01) and increased the Wnt1 and β-catenin expression levels (p < 0.01). Moreover, FH535 significantly restrained the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-correlated protein levels (p < 0.01) and wound healing. </sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion:</title> Tβ4 can promote scald wound healing in rats and may play a role via evoking Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. </sec>

Frequency of Hematologic and Solid Malignancies in the Family History of Patients with Myeloid Neoplasms

Background: Studies demonstrated that there are several germline mutations that lead to a familial predisposition for acute myeloid leukemia and Myelodysplastic syndrome. According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the minimum cancer family history was defined as including first- and second-degree family history, type of primary cancer, and age at diagnosis. The current study aimed to estimate the frequency of positive family history for hematologic and solid malignancies in patients with Myeloid Neoplasms / Aplastic anemia. Patients and Methods: A cross-section study was carried out at the Center of Blood Diseases, Medical City Campus during the period from March-December 2020. A purposeful sample of all adult patients with Myeloid Neoplasms [Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, and Aplastic Anemia] was included in the study. A data collection form was prepared, based on the Hereditary Hematopoietic Malignancies Screening form adopted by the University of Chicago, and modified by the researchers; The data were collected by direct interview with the patients. Patients with hematologic malignancy and one or more first-degree relatives, or ≥2 second-degree relatives, with hematologic malignancies and individuals with Myelodysplastic Syndrome or Acute Myeloid Leukemia and two first or second-degree relatives with a diagnosis of solid tumor malignancy, were considered potential carriers of such genetic predisposition. Results: A total of 153 patients were included; males were nearly equal to females with a male to female ratio of nearly 1:1. Acute Myeloid Leukemia was found in 57.5%, Aplastic Anemia was found in 19%, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in 17% and only four patients (6.5%) were known cases of Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Nine patients (5.9%) reported a family history of hematological malignancies, 29 (19.0%) reported a family history of solid malignancies and only one patient reported a family history of both hematological and solid malignancies. Regarding the official medical reports of the patients, no patient had been interviewed properly about this crucial point. Conclusion: Positive family history for hematological and solid malignancies in Iraqi patients with myeloid neoplasms is prevalent. Our current approach to this critical issue in Iraq needs to be re-considered.

Numerical Modelling of Simultaneous Heat and Moisture Transport in Fire Protective Suits Under Flash Fire Exposure and Evaluation of Second Degree Burn Time

An improved numerical model is developed for coupled heat and moisture transport in fire protective suit exposed to flash fire. This model is combined with Pennes' bio-heat transfer model and subsequently, second-degree burn time is estimated using Henriques' burn integral. Natural convection is considered inside the air gap present between the multilayer clothing ensemble and the skin. Comparisons of temperature and moisture distribution within the multilayer clothing, air gap, and the skin during the exposure are presented considering combined heat and moisture transport and only heat transport. Effect of moisture transport on the protective performance of the fire protective suit is shown. Impact of both horizontal and vertical air gap orientations on second-degree burn time is studied. Effect of temperature-dependent thermo-physical properties, relative humidity, fiber regain, different exposure conditions and fabric combinations for the fire protective suits on burn time is analyzed.

Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Ciprofloxacin and Lidocaine Improve Wound Healing in Deep Second Degree Burns and Reduce in Vitro Ciprofloxacin Cytotoxicity in Fibroblasts

The development of new treatments capable of controlling infections and pain related to burns continues to be a challenge. Antimicrobials are necessary tools, but these can be cytotoxic for regenerating cells.In this study, antibiotic-anesthetic smart systems obtained by ionic complexation of polyelectrolytes with ciprofloxacin and lidocaine were obtained as film and hydrogel. The complexation of ciprofloxacin with natural polyelectrolytes efficiently contributed to increasing biocompatibility in a primary culture of isolated fibroblasts. In addition, the relative levels of the proteins integrin β1 and p-FAK involved in cell migration were increased with no modifications in cell mobility. Their evaluation in a deep second-degree burn model revealed fast reepithelization, with appendage conservation and complete dermis organization. Encouragingly, we found that both the film and the hydrogel showed a significantly superior performance compared to the reference treatment of silver sulfadiazine cream. This work highlights the great potential of this smart system as an attractive dressing for burns, which surpasses currently available treatments.

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK PROPOLIS DALAM PENYEMBUHAN LUKA BAKAR DERAJAT II PADA HEWAN UJI

Luka bakar merupakan salah satu insiden yang sering terjadi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan dari penelitian berdasarkan studi pustaka ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak propolis dalam penyembuhan luka bakar derajat II pada hewan uji. Propolis kaya akan manfaat seperti menjadi antimikroba, antibakteri, antimikotik, astringent, spasmolitik, anti-inflamasi, anestesi, antioksidan, antiulcer, antikanker, serta memiliki efek imunomodulator yang dapat mendukung penyembuhan luka bakar derajat II. Senyawa flavonoid, fenol, arginine, asam ferulat, dan albumin berperan baik dalam menurunkan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme, mempercepat perbaikan jaringan dan menghambat munculnya ROS atau Reactive Oxygen Species pada luka bakar.Ekstrak propolis dengan konsentrasi 100% telah terbukti lebih efektif dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka bakar derajat II pada hewan uji. Pemberian propolis dengan dosis pemberian yang berbeda menunjukkan perbedaan lamanya waktu penyembuhan luka bakar yang ditandai oleh perbedaan nilai rata-rata luas luka bakar dalam setiapwaktu pengukuran. Berdasarkan analisis hipotesis peneliti, efektivitas penyembuhan luka bakar dipengaruhi oleh dosis pemberian ekstrak propolis pada luka bakar tersebut. Dimana keduanya memiliki hubungan yang sebanding, peningkatan dosis pemberian propolis dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka bakar derajat II.Burns are one of the incidents that often occur in life. The purpose of this research based on literature study was to determine the effectiveness of propolis extract in healing second degree burns in tested animals. Propolis is rich in benefits such as being antimicrobial, antibacterial, antimycotic, astringent, spasmolytic, anti- inflammatory, anesthetic, antioxidant, antiulcer, anticancer, and has an immunomodulatory effect that can support healing of second degree burns. Flavonoids, phenols, arginine, ferulic acid, and albumin have a good role in reducing the growth of microorganisms, accelerating tissue repair and inhibiting the appearance of ROS or Reactive Oxygen Species in burns.Propolis extract with a concentration of 100% has been proven to be more effective in accelerating the healing of second degree burns in test animals. Giving propolis with different doses showed a difference in length of time to heal burns, indicated by differences in the average value of burns in each measurement time. Based on the analysis of the researchers' hypothesis, the effectiveness of healing burns was influenced by the dose of propolis extract on the burns. Both have an equal relation, increasing thedose of giving propolis can accelerate the healing of second degree burns Keywords: second degree burns, propolis, effectiveness of propolisextrac

Interpolation rational integral fraction of the Hermitian-type on a continual set of nodes

Some approaches to the construction of interpolation rational integral approximations with arbitrary multiplicity of nodes are analyzed. An integral rational Hermitian-type interpolant of the third order on a continual set of nodes, which is the ratio of a functional polynomial of the first degree to a functional polynomial of the second degree, is constructed and investigated. The resulting interpolant is one that holds any rational functional of the resulting form. Проаналізовано ряд підходів до побудови інтерполяційних раціональних інтегральних наближень з довільною кратністю вузлів. Будується та досліджується інтегральний раціональний інтерполянт типу Ерміта третього порядку на континуальній множині вузлів, який є відношенням функціонального полінома першого степеня до функціонального полінома другого степеня. Одержаний інтерполянт є таким, що зберігає будь який раціональний функціонал одержаного вигляду.

Paradigm Shift in Treatment Strategies for Second-Degree Burns Using a Caprolactone Dressing (Suprathel®)? A 15-Year Pediatric Burn Center Experience in 2084 Patients

Background: Thermal injuries represent a highly relevant epidemiologic problem with 11 million individuals affected globally each year, of which around 2.75 million are children. Different approaches to the conservative treatment of second-degree burns have been widely discussed in the existing literature. One method that has attracted increasing attention is the use of caprolactone dressings. This paper describes a study involving the therapeutic management of 2084 pediatric patients suffering from mixed superficial and deep dermal second-degree burns who received comprehensive expert treatment using caprolactone membranes at the pediatric hospital AUF DER BULT. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the frequency and effect of caprolactone membrane usage on children who were admitted to the pediatric hospital between 2002 and 2016 with mixed second-degree burns. The number of dressing changes under general anesthesia and the requirement for split thickness skin grafting were monitored and recorded. In addition, a cost comparison analysis of different treatment modalities was performed. Results: This retrospective study involved 2084 children who had been treated for mixed superficial and deep dermal burns between 2002 and 2016 using either caprolactone dressing (Suprathel®) (study group; n = 1154) or an alternative dressing material (control group; n = 930). Of the patients in the study group, 91.74% (n = 1053) were treated conservatively compared to 76.05% of the control group patients, meaning that 8.26% (n = 101) of the study group patients required skin grafting, compared to 23.95% (n = 223) in the control group. Additionally, the number of procedures under general anesthesia per patient was found to be 54.3% lower among all patients treated with caprolactone dressing (1.75 procedures per patient) compared to the entire control group (3.22 procedures per patient). In the subgroups, patients treated conservatively with caprolactone dressing required 1.42 procedures per patient compared to 2.25 procedures per patient in patients with alternative wound treatment. When split thickness skin grafting was necessary, 1.2 times as many procedures were performed on patients with alternative dressing compared to those treated with caprolactone dressing. Finally, the cost per patient was considerably lower in the conservative therapy group in comparison to the group that consisted of patients undergoing operative therapy with split thickness skin grafting. Conclusions: Caprolactone dressings were found to be beneficial for children who reported with mixed superficial and deep dermal burns. Specifically, they reduced the need for skin transplantation, the number of dressing changes under general anesthesia, and the treatment costs.