Abstract Versus Concrete: How Managers’ Construal Influences Organizational Control Systems and Problem Solving

This research considers how frontline managers’ construal affects their conceptualization of organizational problems, which in turn influences how they incentivize employees to search out appropriate solutions. Depending on whether they conceptualize problems in more abstract or more concrete ways, frontline managers will vary in organizational control mechanisms they use to incentivize their employees to engage in exploration and exploitation. Based on these relationships, we expect the solutions achieved by employees to vary in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. Using a database of 267 projects in a single firm, we find that, after holding project attributes constant, concrete-oriented managers tend to utilize more process controls that lead employees to solve organizational problems more efficiently, whereas abstract-oriented managers tend toward use of more outcome controls that lead to more effective problem solving. When employees engage in ambidextrous learning, both effectiveness and efficiency of outcomes are enhanced. This research sheds light on important microfoundational influences on organizational outcomes.

On the issue of organizational problems of state fire supervision in connection with the entering into force of the federal law on state control (supervision) and municipal control in the Russian Federation

Introduction. Due to the updating of the legislative framework, the possibility of introducing the so-called "seamless" interdepartmental processes in the field of fire control and supervision is considered. The paper shows how insufficiently well-regulated actions of departments can become a factor that reduces the efficiency of work in this area and hinders its development. The importance of Federal Law No. 248-FZ of July 31, 2020 "On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation" was noted. At the same time, significant difficulties of its practical application are recognized. With references to the sources, it is shown that, addressing this problem, scientists demonstrate either a global, enlarged approach, or, conversely, study particular cases within the borders of one region, in relation to a specific group of objects of fire control and supervision. The relevance of the presented work lies in the fact that the authors offer an adequate solution to universal organizational problems. Problem Statement. The starting point in solving the tasks of this scientific work is the study of the text of Federal Law No. 248-FZ of July 31, 2020 "On State Control (Supervision) and Municipal Control in the Russian Federation". From the point of view of law enforcement practice, the authors had to evaluate innovations in the activities of the state fire supervision bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, identify weaknesses if possible, make arguments in favor of organizational and, in particular, communication processes, identify ways to solve the problems. Theoretical Part. The new document is considered as an element of the evolutionary process of state policy in the field of monitoring the compliance with mandatory requirements, including in the field of fire safety. The main imbalances that can potentially reduce the efficiency of the relevant departments of the Ministry of Emergency Situations have been identified. Thus, the Regulation on Fire Safety provides for the collection, clarification and annual updating of accounting information about the objects of supervision. At the same time, only the names of procedures are given in the document. There is no scheme of actions that links the object of supervision with such features of the subject (official) as: knowledge, experience, workload, Internet skills, computer or digital technology, technical and organizational availability of information resources. According to the statistics, the urgent need for appropriate adequate solutions is dictated by objective reasons. Constructive and relatively easy-to-implement measures to overcome the identified imbalances are indicated. Conclusions. The results of scientific work presented in this article demonstrate the direction of further improvement of the professional activities of specialists in fire control and supervision, as well as the department as a whole. The results of the research suggest that at the present stage in Russia (and, in particular, in the Rostov region) the information base is sufficient to improve departmental processes. Two factors should be recognized as the main weaknesses of the system. This is clearly insufficient digitalization of departments and the lack of high-quality communications between departments of various levels and profiles.

Barriers to reporting clinical errors in operating theatres and intensive care units of a university hospital: a qualitative study

Background Clinical errors are one of the challenges of health care in different countries, and obtaining accurate statistics regarding clinical errors in most countries is a difficult process which varies from one study to another. The current study was conducted to identify barriers to reporting clinical errors in the operating theatre and the intensive care unit of a university hospital. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in the operating theatre and intensive care unit of a university hospital. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with health care staff, senior doctors, and surgical assistants. Data analysis was carried out through listening to the recorded interviews and developing transcripts of the interviews. Meaning units were identified and codified based on the type of discussion. Then, codes which had a common concept were grouped under one category. Finally, the codes and designated categories were analysed, discussed and confirmed by a panel of four experts of qualitative content analysis, and the main existing problems were identified and derived. Results Barriers to reporting clinical errors were extracted in two themes: individual problems and organizational problems. Individual problems included 4 categories and 12 codes and organizational problems included 6 categories and 17 codes. The results showed that in the majority of cases, nurses expressed their desire to change the current prevailing attitudes in the workplace while doctors expected the officials to implement reform policies regarding clinical errors in university hospitals. Conclusion In order to alleviate the barriers to reporting clinical errors, both individual and organizational problems should be addressed and resolved. At an individual level, training nursing and medical teams on error recognition is recommended. In order to solve organizational problems, on the other hand, the process of reporting clinical errors should be improved as far as the nursing team is concerned, but when it comes to the medical team, addressing legal loopholes should be given full consideration.

Evaluation of Impact of the Operational and Technical Factors on Downtime of Municipal Buses Based on a Linear Regression Model

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of selected operational and technical factors on downtime of vehicles. The sample consisted of buses from a municipal transport company (Poland). Estimation of parameters of a linear regression model was performed. Month of failure (downtime event) and its type were used as predictors. Failures were divided into three categories: events related to the company’s operations, including vehicle failures (1) and other (organizational) problems (2), as well as failures caused by external factors unrelated to the operations of the transport company (3). The downtime was found to be significantly associated with failure type and month of failure. A linear regression model of downtime with a reduced number of impact factors, taking into account two main failure types and two main periods of their occurrence during the year, was developed.

ON THE USE OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY IN CRIME INVESTIGATIONS

В статье рассматриваются возможности и перспективы применения современных высоких технологий, в том числе искусственного интеллекта, в деятельности правоохранительных органов; приводятся примеры успешного опыта использования информационных технологий в раскрытии и расследовании преступлений в ряде зарубежных стран; обозначаются организационные проблемы освоения таких технологий в нашей стране. The article discusses the possibilities and prospects of using modern high technologies, including artificial intelligence, in the activities of law enforcement agencies; provides examples of successful experience of using information technologies in solving and investigating crimes in a number of foreign countries; and outlines the organizational problems of mastering such technologies in our country.

ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES

Рассматриваются вопросы анализа структуры системы реабилитации больных инсультом в Тверском регионе. Целью исследования является анализ структуры и оценка эффективности маршрутизации больных инсультами в Тверском регионе. Авторами проведен последовательный анализ развития системы медицинской реабилитации больных инсультом в зависимости от прогрессивного увеличения коечной мощности ЛПУ. Обосновано, что в связи с территориальной удаленностью, кадровым дефицитом в районах Тверского региона, отсутствием необходимого оборудования увеличение выделенных ТФОМС объемов СБО (случай больничного обслуживания) не приводит к увеличению доли профиля «нейрореабилитация». Научная новизна полученных результатов заключается в том, что выявленные организационные проблемы системы медицинской реабилитации в Тверской области позволят переформатировать процесс перспективного планирования развития системы медицинских учреждений, оказывающих помощь по данному профилю, что необходимо для повышения эффективности лечения, снижения заболеваемости и инвалидизации больных инсультом. The issues of analysis of the structure of the system of rehabilitation of stroke patients in the Tver region are considered. The purpose of the study is to analyze the structure and evaluate the effectiveness of routing stroke patients in the Tver region. The author conducted a consistent analysis of the development of the medical rehabilitation system for stroke patients depending on the progressive increase in the bed power of LPU. It is justified that due to the territorial remoteness, personnel shortages in the regions of the Tver region, the lack of necessary equipment, the increase in the allocated TFOMS volumes of SBO (case of hospital services) does not lead to an increase in the share of the “neurorehabilitation” profile. The scientific novelty of the results is that the identified organizational problems of the medical rehabilitation system in the Tver region will allow reformatting the process of prospective planning for the development of a system of medical institutions providing assistance in this profile, which is necessary to increase the effectiveness of treatment, reduce the incidence and disability of stroke patients.

Philosophical Consulting as a Tool for “Problem Hacking” in Human Management in Organizations

Consulting focused on comprehending organizational problems and breaking the patterns of their managerial solution is in demand in a chaotic, dynamic world. This counseling tool is able to counter the uncertainty of the external environment with a clear understanding of the or ganizational event. The aim of the paper is to investigate philosophical consulting as an intellectual tool for “problem hacking” in Human Management in organization.Theoretical basis of the research: the analytical approach to human resource management, the ideas of the international movement of philosophical practice, the edifying philosophy of R. Rorty, ideas of “problem hacking”. Research methods used in the work: philosophical (conceptual) analysis, decomposition, conceptualization.Results. Philosophical consulting is justifed as an analytical and value-based tool of facilitation of “problem hacking” in Human Management in the organization, the features of philosophical consulting as a management consulting are revealed. With the purpose of hacking problems at the level of foundations — meanings and values — according to each stage of “problem hacking”, the function of facilitation of philosophical consulting is revealed. HRMproblems are classifed into process groups: “cooperation”, “change and development”, “measurement and evaluation”. Typical HR-challenge are identifed — the feld of potential conflicts.The concept of HR-call is formulated and elements of the problem solution construction are developed: philosophical idea of the answer to HR-challenge and relevant managerial methods of realization.Application of value-analytical and design tools of philosophical consulting to “hacking” organizational problems — the company’s response to the challenges of the VUCA world, “defcit of meaning” in Russian companies, the employers’ demand for problem-solving skills in the next fve years. The limitations of the research are identifed.

A SPECULATION ON THE POTENTIAL SUPPORT OF BIO-INSPIRED DESIGN TO BIOLOGICALISATION IN MANUFACTURING

The paper investigates to what extent the knowledge accumulated in the field of Bio-Inspired Design might benefit the process of biologicalisation in manufacturing. According to visions making inroads in the manufacturing field, the latter will not be limited to the consideration and the analysis of biological principles as a source of inspiration for solving technical and organizational problems. In fact, the process of biologicalisation in manufacturing foresees the development of bio-integrated and bio-intelligent systems. In light of these expected developments, Bio-Inspired Design’s might fail to support the whole transition to take place in the manufacturing field. Methodological limitations still to overcome represent an important barrier in this perspective too. While a transfer of knowledge from the design to the manufacturing domain seems unlikely, the authors individuate aspects that encourage cross-fertilization between Bio-Inspired Design and biologicalisation in manufacturing. These include the need to include biologists in engineering teams, the objective of sustainable development, and a shared attention to the evolution of (Design for) Additive Manufacturing.

STATE CADASTRAL ASSESSMENT OF REAL ESTATE AND NATURAL RESOURCES IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY OF RUSSIA (DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC STANDARDS FOR THE RATIONAL USE OF REAL ESTATE PROPERTIES AND NATURAL RESOURCES)

Methodological and organizational problems of accounting, appraisal of real estate objects and natural resources of Russia are posed. The technology of accounting and determination of economic standards for the rational use of real estate and natural resources in the digital economy of Russia based on artificial intelligence is proposed.

CADASTRAL REGISTRATION AND EVALUATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND PLOTS IN RUSSIA IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

Methodological and organizational problems of accounting, evaluation of real estate objects and natural resources of Russia are set, and ways of their solution in the digital economy are proposed.