Benchmarking study between capacitive and electronic load technic to track I-V and P-V of a solar panel

<p>To detect defects of solar panel and understand the effect of external parameters such as fluctuations in illumination, temperature, and the effect of a type of dust on a photovoltaic (PV) panel, it is essential to plot the Ipv=f(Vpv) characteristic of the PV panel, and the simplest way to plot this I-V characteristic is to use a variable resistor. This paper presents a study of comparison and combination between two methods: capacitive and electronic loading to track I-V characteristic. The comparison was performed in terms of accuracy, response time and instrumentation cost used in each circuit, under standard temperature and illumination conditions by using polycrystalline solar panel type SX330J and monocrystalline solar panels type ET-M53630. The whole system is based on simple components, less expensive and especially widely used in laboratories. The results will be between the datasheet of the manufacturer with the experimental data, refinements and improvements concerning the number of points and the trace time have been made by combining these two methods.</p>

Electronic Load Controller based on Dimmer Circuit and Stepper Motor for 5 kW Micro-Hydro Power Plant

This paper presents the results of research on a new schematic generator load controller simulation, namely an electronic load controller based on a dimmer circuit and a stepper motor for a small-scale 5 kW micro-hydro. The load controller is built from a dimmer circuit and a stepper motor with program control using Matlab software, and the PPI 8255 interface device. Using a dimmer circuit built from diac, triac, a variable resistor (pot), and capacitor components. As well as using a 28BYJ-48 stepper motor. Simulation is made to determine the performance of the load controller in controlling the distribution of power to the ballast load when the generator supplies power to consumers less than the full load of the generator. By using the simulation data of 45 variations of the consumer load sample, the result is that there are only 4 samples where the load controller is not working well. For the 4 samples, the generator was loaded beyond its full load tolerance limit (full load tolerance of 5kW ± 5 %). Overall, based on the simulation results, it can be said that the generator load controllers tested in this study have good performance. HIGHLIGHTS Methods and power electronic configurations used in electronic load controllers for micro-hydropower plants from 1980 until now. In the future, the use of low-power micro hydro and pico hydro power plants is also in great demand, especially for rural areas The utilization of micro-hydro in Indonesia, especially low-power micro-hydro, has been utilized by the community in Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province. A 5 kW generator has been operated in Katimbang Village, Borong Rappoa District, Kindang Regency, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province to distribute electrical energy to 15 households This research proposes a new electronic load control scheme for a simple and inexpensive 5 kW micro-hydro power plant, namely a dimmer circuit and stepper motor-based generator load controller. With the consideration that the main components that make up this controller are not expensive GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Quality of electricity in power supply of non-traction consumers of railway transport

The article presents the results of the study of the influence of LED lamps with switching power supplies containing power factor correctors on the quality of electricity in the power supply system of non-traction consumers of railway transport. It is noted that the emission of harmonic components of current by electronic loads can cause deviations in the quality of electricity up to the occurrence of emergency situations due to overloads of low (0.4 kV) and medium (6/10 kV) voltage networks. A non-linear electronic load (LED lamp), although equipped with a power factor corrector, causes the generation of a significant level of current harmonics, which significantly affect the operation of the transformer. As a result, the transformer, calculated taking into account the load factor of 0.7 – 0.8, can not be normally operated in the conditions of using electronic load devices. Mathematical modeling of the correction of the modes of the power supply system with nonlinear single-phase loads is performed, provided that the correction devices made on the basis of several condensers and reactors with nonlinear characteristics are used to balance the modes.

Hybrid Power System for the Range Extension of Security Robots: Prototyping Phase

This paper describes our best practices related to hybrid power system (HPS) development with a focus on the prototyping phase. Based on the main development goals of our security robot, 24 h continuous operation on a single charge as a top priority, the HPS specifications were developed in the previous phase. For long-duration missions, batteries are hybridized with hydrogen fuel cells. By hybridization, the practical issues of fuel cells can be addressed such as lack of durability and low power density. With the developed specifications of the HPS, its components were acquired and installed to build a prototype. Using an electronic load coupled with a charge-discharge system controller, the constructed prototype was tested, discovering the maximum output power (850 W) that the fuel cell can sustain for 24 h. To further increase the energy density of the HPS, its structure was converted to a plug-in hybrid. With the developed HPS simulator, the converted HPS was simulated, predicting an extended hours of operation (2.07 h) based on the larger battery (7S12P) over the widest SOC window (90%). The plug-in HPS prototype was integrated into the security robot. On a dedicated chassis dynamometer, the integrated prototype was tested, demonstrating its capability to continuously operate the security robot for 24 h.

Study of Operation of the Thermoelectric Generators Dedicated to Wood-Fired Stoves

Thermoelectric generators are devices that harvest waste heat and convert it into useful power. They are considered as an additional power source in the domestic sector, but they can also be installed in off-grid objects. In addition, they are a promising solution for regions where there is a lack of electricity. Since biomass heating and cooking stoves are widely used, it is very appropriate to integrate thermoelectric generators with wood-fired stoves. This paper shows the experimental analysis of a micro-cogeneration system equipped with a wood-fired stove and two prototypical constructions of thermoelectric generators dedicated to mounting on the flue gas channel. The first version was equipped with one basic thermoelectric module and used to test various cooling methods, while the second construction integrated four basic thermoelectric modules and a water-cooling system. During the tests conducted, the electricity generated in the thermoelectric generators was measured by the electronic load, which allowed the simulation of various operating conditions. The results obtained confirm the possibility of using thermoelectric generators to generate power from waste heat resulting from the wood-fired stove. The maximum power obtained during the discussed combustion process was 15.4 W (if this value occurred during the entire main phase, the energy generated would be at a level of approximately 30 Wh), while the heat transferred to the water was ca. 750 Wh. Furthermore, two specially introduced factors (CPC and CPTC) allowed the comparison of developed generators, and the conclusion was drawn that both developed constructions were characterized by higher CPC values compared to available units in the market. By introducing thermoelectric modules characterized by higher performance, a higher amount of electricity generated may be provided, and sufficient levels of current and voltage may be achieved.

DC-Link Capacitor Voltage Balancing Control of a Five-Level Regenerative AC Electronic Load Using One-Cycle Control

High voltage electric power equipment requires rigorous regulation testing to specific standards which ensure proper and safe operation in the grid. Manufacturers conduct these tests in order to prove standard compliance and product liability. Variable linear or nonlinear loads are necessary for testing medium voltage (MV) high power AC power converters. Generally, those AC power converters or power supplies require performance validation, burn-in and/or lifetime testing under different load conditions, defined by the end-user or standards for the given applications. For flexible and efficient MV verification testing, this paper presents a five-level multilevel converter-based MV regenerative AC electronic load with one-cycle control (OCC), which is based on five-level diode-clamped multilevel converters with back-to-back structure and can emulate any impedance load. In this paper, especially the dc-link capacitor voltage balance of the proposed multilevel MV regenerative AC load is deeply analyzed. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the dc-link voltage balance performance of the proposed multilevel MV regenerative AC electronic load.

Comparison of electronic load using linear regulator and boost converter

<span lang="EN-US">Direct current (DC) electronic load is a useful equipment for testing the electrical system. It can emulate various load at a high rating. The electronic load requires a power converter to operate and a linear regulator is a common option. Nonetheless, it is hard to control due to the temperature variation. This paper proposed a DC electronic load using the boost converter. The proposed electronic load operates in the continuous current mode and control using the integral controller. The electronic load using the boost converter is compared with the electronic load using the linear regulator. The results show that the boost converter able to operate as an electronic load with an error lower than 0.5% and response time lower than 13 ms.</span>