state programs
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2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
M. G. Leshcheva ◽  
Yu. A. Yuldashbayev

Relevance. The current state of rural areas is characterized by poor development of engineering and social infrastructure, low, compared to urban, standard of living, negative forms of migration, natural decline and depopulation of the rural population. Within the framework of state regulation of the process of overcoming the current situation, state support is provided for measures for the development of rural areas put forward on the basis of local initiatives (ofmunicipalities, citizens, professional communities). However, generally accepted scientific recommendations for the formulation of such measures are not currently developed, so the topic of the study is relevant.Methods. The research is based on systematic, dialectical, abstract-logical, and organizational approaches. The object of the study is rural territories, the subject is theoretical and methodological issues related to the formulation of measures for their development.Results. A methodological approach to the formulation of a set of measures for the development of rural areas, taking into account the opportunities provided by the current state programs, is proposed. It includes the following stages: analysis of the state of the rural territory; forecasting the directions and dynamics of its development; determination of objective needs and selection of the most appropriate changes in the properties of the rural territory; formulation of a set of measures and justification of mechanisms for their implementation. In the proposed methodological approach, the rural territory is considered not in isolation, but in a single system of settlement “city — village” based on the use of SWOT and PEST analysis. At the stage of forecasting the directions and dynamics of rural development, a comprehensive use of the normative resource method and the method of extrapolation of time series trends is proposed. The selection of the most appropriate changes in the properties of the rural territory is carried out on the basis of a multi-level approach that allows to identify the problems of rural settlements, individual social groups and rural residents. It is proposed to justify the mechanisms for implementing measures for the development of rural areas based on the resources of municipalities, rural population, private business and state support measures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
O Rushickaya ◽  
A. Zagurskiy

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to study the problems of identification of state development institutions in the agricultural and industrial complex, as an element of the institutional environment, as an integral part of the system of development of the national economy through state regulation of strategic development processes in the agro-industrial complex. Methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis were used in the course of the study. Results and practical significance. The author’s research of the state regulation of the development of the national agro-industrial complex is presented in the context of the study of state programs as a form of state development institution that ensures the effective functioning of the institutional environment. The scientific novelty of the research is presented by the author's non-standard approach to the identification of state development institutions in the agro-industrial complex, the author's vision of the structure of the institutional environment for the development of the agro-industrial complex is presented, based on traditional approaches of institutionalism, two main systems of the development of the agro-industrial complex are derived, formed by the institutional environment, which in interaction form a system of strategic regulation of the national agro-industrial complex.


2021 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Anton Vasiliev ◽  
Dariush Schopper ◽  
Yulia Pechatnova

The article analyzes the legal problems of the integration of science and education, offers an assessment of various organizational forms of integration of science and higher education over the past 30 years. The main provisions, stages of implementation and the results of the implementation of various scientific and educational state programs are studied, statistical data are provided that emphasize the increase in the volume of scientific activities carried out in educational organizations (higher educational institutions). The authors investigate the status of educational organizations as subjects of scientific law, emphasize the imperfection of Russian educational legislation regarding the differentiation of educational institutions of higher education and scientific organizations. The article focuses on the study of the positive and negative consequences of the introduction of a new category of higher educational institutions – flagship universities. After analyzing the problems of legal regulation of flagship universities, the authors come to the conclusion that the logical conclusion of the reform of flagship universities can be the establishment of the status of flagship universities in the legislation on education and a clear separation of flagship and federal universities.


Author(s):  
M. S. Tulegenova ◽  
R. Giese ◽  
Zh. S. Temerbulatova ◽  
A. Zh. Baimukhametova

The current cyclical transition, complicated by the COVID–19 pandemic, has revealed weak links in the economies of many countries, caused by systemic contradictions accumulated over 30 years. Kazakhstan, as a country that has been building market relations only since the end of the 20th century, found itself in the grip of not only economic and political, but also institutional costs. One of the problems hindering the economic development of the nation is the contradictions between the political ambitions of the authorities and the real results of the implementation ofstate programs, the loss of public trust. The purpose of the study isto assessthe quality of economic growth in Kazakhstan. An attempt is made to provide an analysis of the institutional and economic environment and an econometric assessment of the real indicators of the country's development. The methodological basis was the scientific heritage in this area and new theoretical and methodological approaches of modern scientists in the study of issues of socio-economic development. The object of the research is economic development of Kazakhstan. Research results: based on the historical and logical analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of economic development and the constructed regression model of panel data, it is shown that an increase in the level of indicators selected in official statistics has a small effect on economic growth, that is, there is a discrepancy between the target indicators of state programs and actual results. Revealed the institutional features of Kazakhstan's development model that cause economic lag.


2021 ◽  
Vol 152 (6) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Yurii V. Mishin ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr Yu. Mishin ◽  

In modern conditions, implementation of sustainable progressive movement of the country by carrying out large-scale structural changes can be realized only on the basis of a centralized identification of areas, goals, priorities of socio-economic development, as well as indicators of strategies, programs and plans interconnected at all levels of the country's national economy management. Methodologically the article is based on dialectical method of scientific knowledge, as well as systemic and institutional approaches. Scientific periodicals (monographs, scientific articles, etc.) and official documents of legislative and executive authorities of the Russian Federation on the issues of state strategic and long-term planning in Russia and the USSR were used as an information and analytical base. The article dwells on the following issues: 1) as a result of analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources, as well as regulatory and methodological guidelines in the field of state strategic planning, its main shortcomings were identified. According to the authors, these include: dissemination of program-targeted management methods not only into all spheres of socio-economic development, but also to the areas of budget allocations, the lack of sufficient information base of calculations; 2) methodological approach (stages, sequence of work, methods and procedures) to elaborating state programs for the economic development of the country, industries and regions is proposed; 3) application of the methods of hierarchies analysis (MHA) and network modeling (NPM) as the main methods for developing state programs is substantiated; 4) proposals on the composition and structure of the information base for calculating indicators of state programs are given.


Author(s):  
Елена Евгеньевна Тимофеева ◽  
Юлия Евгеньевна Острякова

Доступность жилья является очень многогранным понятием, отражающим социально-экономические процессы, происходящие в обществе, учитывающее ожидания населения и его доходы. Проведен анализ факторов, определяющих ценовую политику в секторе недвижимости. Выявленные факторы разделены на две группы: объективные и субъективные. К группе объективных факторов отнесены такие, которые зависят от макроэкономической ситуации, ситуации на рынке недвижимости и факторы, на которые не могут повлиять домохозяйства. К субъективным отнесены факторы, которые зависят от особенностей самих домохозяйств или могут быть ими изменены. Показано, что влияние выявленных факторов необходимо рассматривать комплексно, что обусловлено их взаимосвязью и непропорциональной взаимозависимостью. На примере мониторинга цен для Иваново показан существенный разброс цен в сегменте жилья как эконом-класса, так и бизнес-класса. Проведены примеры анализа влияния различных факторов на формирование стоимости жилья в различных категориях. Предложено разделение понятий доступное жилье» и «доступное комфортное жилье». В частности, при расчете критериев доступности жилья (независимо от методики расчета) следует брать в расчет среднюю цену за наиболее экономичные варианты новостроек. Приводится обоснование важности участия государства в формировании доступного жилья за счет регулирования доходов граждан, а также внедрения государственных программ поддержки граждан по приобретению жилья. Housing affordability is a very multifaceted concept that reflects the socio-economic processes in society, which take into account the expectations of the population and its income. We carried out analysis of the factors determining the pricing policy in the real estate sector. All identified factors are divided into two groups: objective and subjective. The group of objective factors included those ones that depend on the macroeconomic situation, the situation in the real estate market and which cannot be influenced by households. Subjective factors include the ones that depend on the households or can be changed by them. We show that the influence of the identified factors must be considered comprehensively, which is due to their interrelation and disproportionate interdependence. On the example of price monitoring for the city of Ivanovo (Russia), we demonstrate a significant variation in prices in the segment of housing estate, both economy and business class. We give some examples of the analysis of various factors influence on the formation of cost of housing estate in various categories. We offer differentiation of the concepts of affordable housing estate and affordable comfortable housing . In particular, when calculating the criteria for housing affordability (regardless of the calculation method), the average price for the most economical options for new buildings should be taken into account. As well we offer substantiation of the importance of state participation in the formation of affordable housing estate both by regulating the income of citizens and by introduction of state programs to support citizens in home buying.


Author(s):  
R. Gumerov ◽  
N. Guseva ◽  
L. Solntseva

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation № 633 dated November 8, 2021 «On approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy in the field of strategic planning in the Russian Federation» among the main directions of state policy in this area, scientific and methodological support for strategic planning of socio-economic development and ensuring national security is defined [3]. Within the framework of this direction, a multi-criteria model for assessing the quality of state programs of the Russian Federation has been developed and passed initial testing. New methodological approaches have been transformed into an algorithm and assessment tools, brought to the level of draft Guidelines and tested on the example of several government programs of various formats and areas of implementation. The model includes the author's conceptual apparatus, parameters and evaluation criteria, a regulated sequence of evaluation procedures (algorithm), specific tools, a specially developed tabular format for obtaining and issuing evaluation results. The principal features of the multicriteria model were described earlier [11]. This article presents the first practical results of assessing the quality of individual state programs of the Russian Federation based on the developed model. The obtained results, in turn, can be used for further improvement of the model.


Author(s):  
S. Bratchenko

The subject of this article is the quality of management of State programs (as in the first part of the State program «Industrial Development and Competitiveness», devoted to the automotive industry). Despite a high formal performance rating of the implementation of the State program, the analysis showed that its implementation had virtually no impact on the development of the Russian automobile industry. The work identifies the main reasons for this. All the causes identified are not specific to the automotive industry. On the contrary, they are all of a general, systemic, methodological nature, suggesting that they are characteristic of the management of State programs as a whole. The poor quality of the management of public programmes creates a range of risks to the economic and national security of the country, which are discussed at the end of the paper.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
V. V. Efremov ◽  
Yu. A. Dolgusheva ◽  
B. Ndihokubvayo

Relevance . Epilepsy is a common neurological disease in tropical countries, especially in Africa. Its prevalence in African countries is almost twice as high as in Asia, Europe and North America. Objective: to investigate the characteristics of the spread and risk factors of epilepsy in the countries of the African continent. Materials and Methods : Based on WHO data, an epidemiological analysis of the prevalence and structure of mortality from epilepsy among the inhabitants of continental Africa was carried out. The African continent was clustered into five different regions with conventionally homogeneous sociocultural, climatic and geographic and environmental conditions and, as a consequence, similar dynamics of endemic diseases and infections. Demographic data, etiological factors, risk factors such as infectious diseases (including neglected diseases) with neurological consequences in the form of deaths from epilepsy were compared in five centers in the region. Mathematical and statistical processing of the results was carried out using the SPSS-19 statistical package (SPSS Inc., USA). Results and Discussion . Analysis of socio-demographic characteristics made it possible to establish that mortality from epilepsy is higher: in the countries of the African continent south of the Sahara in comparison with northern Africa; in women compared to men; in the age group younger than 14 compared to older groups and also in countries of subregions with an unsatisfactory state of national health systems and a low level of socio-economic situation in general. Conclusion . State programs aimed at reducing various factors of injury, violence, the prevalence of maternal mortality and hunger, the frequency of suicide among the population can help reduce the prevalence and mortality from epilepsy. In addition, a significant number of risk factors for epilepsy in African countries are virulent and potentially preventable. First of all, these include: neurocysticercosis, schistosomiasis, HIV infection and various forms of meningitis. Health care interventions to prevent these diseases can also significantly reduce the prevalence of epilepsy.


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