A Global, Democratic, Institutional and Humble Cosmopolitanism? Response to Contributors in Symposium on The Humble Cosmopolitan

This article engages contributions from Cricket Keating, Natasha Behl, Fred Lee and Jaby Mathew, and Brooke Ackerly’s introduction, in a symposium on The Humble Cosmopolitan. It first notes insights taken for the development of a democratic cosmopolitanism oriented to political humility from the work of Indian Dalit-rights champion and constitutional architect B.R. Ambedkar, and from interviews conducted with globally oriented Dalit activists. It then considers Mathew’s concerns about accommodation of the moral importance of local democratic practices, and Keating’s about the book’s emphasis on advancing institutional over attitudinal changes. It addresses issues Behl raises around attention to alternate conceptions of citizenship, e.g., ones which would center Dalit women’s voices; and Lee’s concerns about whether the model can recognize the importance of subaltern nationalisms. Responses focus on ways in which the model seeks to enable individuals to challenge political arrogance from a position of co-equal citizenship in regional and global institutions.

A System Justification Theory of Entrepreneurial Attitudinal Change During a Crisis

Entrepreneurship resilience during a crisis is an important research area. However, prior research has not examined cognitive antecedents of entrepreneurial resilience. Using the 2014 oil price crisis in the Middle East as a natural experiment, we draw on system justification theory to understand why and how entrepreneurs differ in the extent of their attitudinal changes toward corruption. We find foreign entrepreneurs substantially increased their willingness to engage in corruption whereas local entrepreneurs did not. Among foreign entrepreneurs, corruption willingness increases more among those from countries where corruption is not the norm, than those from more corrupt home countries.

STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE: THE CONTRIBUTION OF A CITIZEN SCIENCE PROJECT FOR MONITORING COASTAL WATER QUALITY AND (MICRO)PLASTICS

The promotion of positive attitudes towards science is an important goal of science education. This research aimed to identify students' attitudes towards science and whether their participation within a citizen science project has contributed to positive attitudinal changes. So, an attitudinal scale was developed, validated, and applied (as a pre and post-test) to 574 students aged between 12 and 14 years old. Positive attitudes towards science were recorded from the outset among children of both groups. Students' participation within the experimental group enhanced relevant positive attitudinal changes at the level of the critical analysis dimension, related to the perception of skills development such as questioning or critical thinking. Furthermore, positive attitudinal changes were achieved within the affinity dimension, related to perceived self-efficacy and appreciation of science and science classes. Positive attitudinal changes towards science among students indicate that citizen science contributes to enhance affective and attitudinal domains of their scientific literacy. Keywords: attitudes towards science scale, attitudinal changes, citizen science, science education, water quality monitoring

Impact of Vocational Training Programme toward Rural Women Conducted by KVK in Korea District of Chhattisgarh

KVKs impart trainings and education with a view to raise the level of knowledge, attitudinal changes and testing and transferring of recommended improved farm technologies so as to bridge the gap between production and productivity and also to increase self-employment opportunities among the farming community. Rural Women in India, contributing 25% of GDP, is increasingly becoming a Female Activity. The present study was an attempt to evaluate the impact of training on its beneficiaries with reference to know the extent of success in raising the income of beneficiaries. For attaining the objectives, the present investigation was carried out in Baikunthpur block of Koriya district, Chhattisgarh. A total of 60 trainees and 60 non-trainees were selected as sample for the study. The data were collected by personal interview with the help of structured and pre-tested schedule. Percentage and other statistical tools were used to analyze the data. Age, educational status, land holding, number of training attended and progressiveness had significant relation with income and employment generation. Size of family, occupation, annual income, extension participation and risk bearing capacity had non-significant relation with income and employment generation.

Attitudes Towards the Sexuality of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review

Current research in attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities yields heterogeneous results. The aim of the present paper was to systematically review current qualitative and quantitative evidence of attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities. A systematic review of current literature (2000–2020) was carried out in the ERIC, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, PUBMED, and WebOfScience databases. Thirty-three articles were included for review. The present review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO database. Included studies presented attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities in samples comprised of staff, family, members of the community, and adults with intellectual disability. Community samples held more positive attitudes, followed by staff and family. Adults with intellectual disabilities reported interest in intimate relationships but perceived barriers in others’ attitudes. Factors such as familiarity, age, gender of the adult with a disability, and culture seemed to have clear relationships. Other factors such as gender or social status remain unclear. In general, attitudes were considered positive. However, a preference for low intimacy and friendship or Platonic relationships was found. Stereotypes towards intellectual disability may have a strong influence. These findings underline the need to investigate and address attitudinal changes to provide adequate support for adults with intellectual disabilities in regard to a healthy relational and sex life.Prospero registration number: CRD42021222918.

Egészségpedagógiai tapasztalatok a gyermekek kézmosásának oktatásában; higiénés nevelés a világjárványban

Összefoglaló. Manapság, a COVID–19-járvány közepette, a megfelelő kézmosás segít megelőzni vagy legalábbis lassítani a fertőző betegségek, például a SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés terjedését. A kézmosás rutinjának megfelelő oktatás multilaterális tevékenységet igényel, amely a fiatalok ismeretén, egészségmagatartásán, attitűdjein, tapasztalatain és motivációján alapul. A TANTUdSZ Ifjúsági Egészségnevelési Program kortársoktató pedagógiai és egészségtudományi egyetemi karok hallgatóival, valamint középiskolai kortárssegítőkkel és mintegy 3000, magyarországi óvodás, általános és középiskolás diák bevonásával valósult meg, különböző egészségfejlesztési területeken. A vizsgálatok egyik célja az oktatási program hatékonyságának értékelése érdekében a gyermekek kézhigiénés ismereteinek és készségeinek elemzése és összehasonlítása volt a beavatkozások előtt és után. A jelen közleményben ismertetett longitudinális felmérés alsó tagozatos tanulók (n = 165) kézmosási készségének és attitűdváltozásainak rövid és hosszú távú változását értékeli három időpontban. A mérések önkitöltős, anonim kérdőívvel és kéziszkenner-technológiával (Semmelweis Scanner) készültek, mely utóbbi mérési eszköz a különböző kézterületek tisztaságát kvantitatív és digitális értékelésekkel detektálta. A beavatkozás eredményes volt mind rövid, mind hosszú távon a bemeneti (kezdeti) mérésekhez képest. Az eredmények azonban különbséget mutattak a gyakorlati készségek elsajátításának folyamatában. Jelentős előrelépés történt a kézmosás attitűdjének változásában. Az életkor-specifikus egészségfejlesztési oktatási programokban, különösen a gyermekpopulációban, hangsúlyt kell fektetni az elméleti, a gyakorlati ismeretek, valamint az egészségmagatartás hosszú távú megőrzésére is. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(46): 1842–1847. Summary. Presently, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, proper hand washing helps prevent or at least slow the spread of infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proper education in hand washing routines requires multilateral action based on young people’s knowledge, health behaviors, attitudes, experiences, and motivations. The TANTUdSZ Youth Health Education Program was implemented with students of contemporary teaching faculties of pedagogical and health sciences as well as with secondary school peer helpers and with the involvement of about 3000 pre-school, primary and secondary school students in Hungary in various fields of health development. One of the aims of the studies was to analyze and compare children’s hand hygiene knowledge and skills before and after the pedagogical interventions in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program. The longitudinal survey described in this paper assesses the short- and long-term changes of primary school students’ (from class 1 to 4; n = 165) hand washing skills and the attitudinal changes in their health behaviors at three time points. Measurements were performed using a self-completion, anonymous questionnaire and hand-held scanner technology (Semmelweis Scanner), the latter measuring device detecting the purity of different hand areas with quantitative and digital evaluations. The educational intervention was effective in both short and long term compared to input (initial) measurements. However, the results showed a difference in the process of acquiring practical skills. There has been a significant progress in changing attitudes to hand washing. Age-specific health promotion education programs, especially in the pediatric population, should also focus on the long-term preservation of theoretical, practical knowledge, and health behaviors. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(46): 1842–1847.

Substantive Equality Prostitution Law, 1999–2019

The chapter analyzes the impact of Sweden’s substantive equality prostitution law (a.k.a. Nordic Model) as a means of exploring potential challenges to pornography production. Comparisons of prostitution prevalence in Scandinavia, evidence of sex trafficking, sex purchasing, and attitudinal changes in the population are assessed. The law’s reduction of violence and increases in safety in prostitution are documented, along with evidence illustrating the importance of specialized exit programs. Critics, unwarranted skepticism, and symptomatic misinformation from academic sex industry apologists are addressed. Case law, rarely discussed outside Sweden, is critically reviewed, including early precedents that obstructed higher criminal penalties and civil remedies (e.g., damages and public support for prostitution exit). A civil rights amendment is proposed, which could be adopted via judicial interpretation or legislative means. The chapter concludes that comparatively seen, Sweden reduced prostitution extensively while making it safer. Similar effects are hypothesized to hold if the law applied to pornographers.

A Review of Landfills, Waste and the Nearly Forgotten Nexus with Climate Change

Landfills have been considered the most convenient approach for dealing with waste from time immemorial, even though some have led to disasters of catastrophic proportions. Moreover, recent findings by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggest that the decomposing fraction of landfill waste that generates greenhouse gases (GHGs) may not be adequately accounted for and could become a critical issue in our effort to restrict atmospheric temperature increases to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. (According to the IPCC, the maximum atmospheric temperature rise is a factor of cumulative net CO2 emissions as well as net non-CO2 radiative forcing. These anthropogenic forcing agents include methane, nitrous oxide and other trace gases from landfill sites. In that sense, landfills can tip the balance from 1.5 towards 2 degrees of warming). This paper draws on data from a number of countries for review and is a timely reminder that society needs to develop a more environmentally and socially sensitive set of methods that could ultimately replace landfills. The paper first examines problems connected with landfills and evaluates alternatives such as incineration, biomass burning and mechanical biological treatment, which generally present their own problems. The paper then considers the range of materials conventionally dispatched to landfill, dealing with them in the context of a zero-waste philosophy. The conclusions propose more disciplined waste management to embrace collective accountability, wherein those who create the waste—chiefly, households and businesses—would be expected to deal with it responsibly. With attitudinal changes and education, supported by regulatory measures, it should be possible to reach the long-term objective of zero waste and the retirement of the traditional landfill.

Place-Based STEM Education for Sustainability: A Path towards Socioecological Resilience

This article analyzes STEM projects conducted in eight schools with children from 4 to 10 years old in southern Chile. The main purpose of the study was to describe and analyze how these projects can affect students’ and educators’ attitudes and create community capacities to tackle local socioecological challenges. We used an ethnographic design with an intentioned coding process of interviews and participant observations to summarize one year of collaborative and transdisciplinary project building. The results describe the main attitudinal changes of teachers and students and give evidence on how these projects create new links and foster collaborations with local actors and organizations that are usually sidelined from educational experiences. Examples of meaningful learning experiences to tackle sustainability challenges were systematized and shared, to inspire new initiatives, raise new voices, and promote active participation of the new generations to foster socioecological resilience.

Awareness and vaccination status of Hepatitis B among health care workers in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Central India

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to assess awareness about HBV and its vaccination status among HCWs working in our hospital. Randomly selectedHCWs, with equal representation from 5 different groups, viz. consultants, resident doctors, nurses, technicians and house-keeping staff were included. Pre-validated questionnaires, focused on testing elementary knowledge about the virus and its vaccine, were used. HBV vaccination coverage was assessed through personal interview and review of records, if available, and reasons for incomplete vaccination or no vaccination were recorded. Among the 150 HCWs recruited, significant difference in knowledge of HBV and its vaccination was observed among the different strata of HCWs. While consultants were best informed about the virus and the vaccine, awareness was generally poor among the housekeeping staff. Though majority of HCWs (62.67%) reported receiving all 3 doses of HBV vaccine, documentation of the same was maintained by only 30.67% of the participants. The main reason for incomplete vaccination was the long time gap between the doses (40%), while the main reason for not getting vaccinated was lack of awareness about its need (28%). Our study identifies the gap areas in achieving the goal of 100% coverage of HBV vaccination among HCWs. We find that attitudinal changes and sustained awareness campaigns are input to achieving this goal even when employer-mandated supplies are available in the hospital. Maintenance of documentation of vaccination and estimation of anti-HBs titers are other deficient practices that need to be implemented in hospitals.