ЖОВТЕЦЬ ЇДКИЙ (Ranunculus acris L.): АНАЛІТИЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД ПОШИРЕННЯ, ХІМІЧНОГО СКЛАДУ, БІОЛОГІЧНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ ТА МЕДИЧНОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ

Мета. Аналіз джерел наукової літератури щодо ареалу розповсюдження, вмісту біологічно активних речовин та спектра потенційного використання у фармації жовтецю їдкого (Ranunculus acris L.). Матеріали та методи. Аналіз та узагальнення наукової інформації, що стосується поширення, хімічного складу, фармакологічної активності та потенціалу медичного застосування Ranunculus acris. Результати і обговорення. Ranunculus acris – багаторічна трав'яниста рослина родини Жовтецевих (Ranunculaceae), яка поширена в Україні у дикорослому стані. Рослина неофіцинальна; вона використовується в народній медицині різних країн, оскільки виявляє антимікробні, антивірусні, протизапальні, антитоксичні, епітелізуючі та протитуберкульозні властивості. До основних біологічно активних речовин рослини відносять алкалоїди (до 0,1 %), дубильні речовини (більше 2 %), сапоніни, γ-лактони (ранункулін, анемонін, протоанемонін), флавоноїди (кемпферол, кверцетин), дубильні речовини та серцеві глікозиди. Висновки. Враховуючи значний досвід використання Ranunculus acris у народній медицині та дані експериментальних досліджень щодо вмісту біологічно активних речовин і досить широкого спектра його фармакологічної активності, надземні органи рослини можна розглядати як перспективну сировину для наукових досліджень у фармації з метою одержання та виробництва фітопрепаратів.

Identification of Weeds Based on Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning

Weeds can be major environmental and economic burdens in New Zealand. Traditional methods of weed control including manual and chemical approaches can be time consuming and costly. Some chemical herbicides may have negative environmental and human health impacts. One of the proposed important steps for providing alternatives to these traditional approaches is the automated identification and mapping of weeds. We used hyperspectral imaging data and machine learning to explore the possibility of fast, accurate and automated discrimination of weeds in pastures where ryegrass and clovers are the sown species. Hyperspectral images from two grasses (Setaria pumila [yellow bristle grass] and Stipa arundinacea [wind grass]) and two broad leaf weed species (Ranunculus acris [giant buttercup] and Cirsium arvense [Californian thistle]) were acquired and pre-processed using the standard normal variate method. We trained three classification models, namely partial least squares-discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) using whole plant averaged (Av) spectra and superpixels (Sp) averaged spectra from each weed sample. All three classification models showed repeatable identification of four weeds using both Av and Sp spectra with a range of overall accuracy of 70–100%. However, MLP based on the Sp method produced the most reliable and robust prediction result (89.1% accuracy). Four significant spectral regions were found as highly informative for characterizing the four weed species and could form the basis for a rapid and efficient methodology for identifying weeds in ryegrass/clover pastures.

Thlaspi sylvestre Jord. (= T. caerulescens J. & C. Presl), update on the localities and sites of a rare species in the flora of Slovenia / Thlaspi sylvestre Jord. (= T. caerulescens J. & C. Presl), dopolnjena vednost o razširjenosti in rastiščih redke ...

In the Čepovan Valley (Čepovan, hamlet Šulgi), on the northwestern rim of the Banjšice Plateau in the villages of Grudnica (in the Tolmin municipality) and near Sveto to the south of the plateau, we found new localities of Thlaspi sylvestre (T. caerulescens), which complement the existing data on the distribution of this species in Slovenia (Srednji Lokovec, Vrata), and surveyed its sites. Thlaspi sylvestre grows on meadows and pastures in the vicinity of human settlements, in hedges, on road banks, on the forest edge and in an open pioneer forest. Its most common companions are Galium mollugo agg. (G. album), Cruciata glabra, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia and Veronica chamaedrys. Thlaspi sylvestre most frequently occurs in the communities from the class Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. Our findings confirm Tone Wraber’s assumption that it is not indigenous to Slovenia, and was introduced to the Banjšice Plateau as well as to Grudnica and the Čepovan Valley with human assistance (military transport during World War I). Key words: phytogeography, phytosociology, Thlaspi caerulescens, florula castrensis, Čepovan Valley, Grudnica, Banjšice, Slovenia Izvleček V Čepovanski dolini (Čepovan, zaselek Šulgi), na severovzhodnem robu Banjške planote v vasi Grudnica (občina Tolmin) in pri vasi Sveto v južnem delu te planote smo našli nova nahajališča vrste Thlaspi sylvestre (T. caerules­cens), ki dopolnjujejo njeno do zdaj znano razširjenost v Sloveniji (Srednji Lokovec, Vrata), in popisali njena rastišča. Raste na travnikih in pašnikih v okolici človeških bivališč, v mejicah, na cestnih brežinah, na gozdnem robu in v svetlem pionirskem gozdu. Njene najbolj pogoste spremljevalke so vrste Galium mollugo agg. (G. album), Cruciata glabra, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia in Veronica chamaedrys. Najpogosteje raste v združbah iz razreda Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. Potrjujemo domnevo Toneta Wraberja, da ta vrsta v Sloveniji ni samonikla in da se je na Banjšice in tudi v Grudnico in Čepovansko dolino priselila s človekovo pomočjo (vojaškimi transporti med prvo svetovno vojno). Ključne besede: fitogeografija, fitocenologija, Thlaspi caerulescens, florula castrensis, Čepovanska dolina, Grudnica, Banjšice, Slovenija

Additions to terrestrial flora of Tunisia: occurrence and taxonomic notes

We document new records of 11 vascular taxa. Some were found in the wild for the first time and, therefore, are new reports to terrestrial flora of Tunisia. One species, Ranunculus acris L., is reported for the first time for North Africa. Parietaria cretica L. is confirmed for North Africa. Details about the distribution and habitats of the 11 species are provided, and comments on their status and taxonomy are included.

Changes amid constancy: flower and leaf microbiomes along land use gradients and between bioregions

Microbial communities inhabiting above-ground parts of plants affect their host’s development, fitness and function. Although studies on plant-associated microbes are of growing interest, environmental drivers of flower microbiomes in particular are poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated flower and leaf epiphytic bacterial microbiomes of Ranunculus acris and Trifolium pratense using metabarcoding of 16S ribosomal DNA in three German bioregions and along land-use intensity gradients. Our data suggests that the structures of bacterial communities clearly differed between plant species and tissue types. Also, floral bacterial communities of R. acris showed higher variability in comparison to T. pratense. Bacteria usually associated with pollinators were found solely in flower samples, while such usually associated with the rhizosphere were only present in high abundances on leaves. We identified Pseudomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Sphingomonadaceae as the most abundant taxa on flowers, while Sphingomonadaceae, Methylobacteriaceae and Cytophagaceae dominated bacterial communities on leaves. We found strong bacterial turnover already for short geographic distances, which however did not increase with the long distances between bioregions. High land use intensity caused phylogenetically less diverse and more homogenous bacterial communities. This was associated with a loss of rare bacterial families. Intensification of mowing and fertilization affected almost all plant associated bacterial communities, while grazing had only minor effects on bacterial structures of T. pratense flowers. However, dominant taxa were mostly resilient to mowing, grazing and fertilization. Despite that, we identified indicator taxa for regularly disturbed environments in flower microbiomes.

Biodiversity of the projected zakaznyk «Govorunivsky»

According to the results of the field researches, the state of the natural complexes of the territory (about 140 hectares) within the Yampil administrative district of Sumy region is characterized, the expediency of creation of a landscape reserve of the local value "Govorunovsky" in the studied territory is determined. Based on the analysis of flora and vegetation, it has been established that most of the territory of the proposed reserve is occupied by peaty meadows dominated by Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv and a number of typical meadow and meadow-swamp species. They are also growing here Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim., Lysimachia vulgaris L., Veratrum lobelianum Bernh., Cicuta virosa L., Alopecurus pratensis L., Festuca pratensis Huds., Juncus conglomeratus L., Carex hirta L., Ranunculus acris L., Achillea submillefolium Klok. et Krytzka, Epilobium palustre L., Geum urbanum L., Galium mollugo L., Stellaria graminea L., Potentilla anserina L., Humulus lupulus L. In the more dry areas which are strip-shaped along the northern boundary of the projected reserve and, accordingly, the pine forest, grassy groups formed with the dominance of Agrostis canina L. or Nardus stricta L. It is noted that quite active natural restoration of tree species, such as Pinus sylvestris L., Betula pendula Roth, Pyrus communis L., occurs throughout the area of the proposed reserve. It has been shown that the sozological value of the reserve lies in the presence of typical for the floodplains of small rivers of Polissya natural complexes, as well as the presence in the flora of the species of the Red Book of Ukraine ‒ Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soo, a number of valuable medicinal plants (Valeriana exaltata J. C. Mikan, Sanquisorba officinalis L., Achillea submillefolium Klock. et Krytzka, Mentha arvensis L., Thymus marschallianus Willd., Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch. etc.).