Digital transformation of russian customs authorities’ activities on the example of automatic release technology

The article considers the main factors limiting the use of automatic release technology in electronic customs declarations. The directions of further development of the potential of the investigated technology in the conditions of digitalisation, automation and intellectualisation of customs administration in the Russian Federation have been proposed. In order to expand the coverage of the declaration array by automatic release technology, the main directions for improving the automation mechanism at the release of goods have been designated, trends of automation of customs operations and its influence on the development of foreign economic activity have been defined. The methodological basis of the study was fact-finding, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, system and process approaches, logical and statistical methods.

A Study on the Method to Secure Evacuation Safety of Long-term Care Hospitals for the Elderly through Actual Condition Surveys

In long-term care hospitals, there are many patients with reduced mobility and the fire compartment is difficult, so there is a high possibility of large-scale casualties in the event of a fire. Various studies have been conducted to reduce these risks, but studies on problems related to evacuation safety and improvement measures are lacking. Therefore, this study intends to examine the problems related to evacuation safety through a fact-finding survey targeting two hospitals and to suggest improvement measures. As a result, problems related to 1) maintenance of fire doors, 2) establishment of a horizontal evacuation plan, 3) evacuation mechanism, and 4) recognition and implementation of worker evacuation plans were derived, and improvement measures for each problem were suggested.

UN preventive diplomacy as a toll for preventive conflict situations

Problem setting. The specifics of the development of countries in the modern world are the strengthening of integration processes, the destruction of interstate and interregional barriers, coordination and joint efforts in solving global problems, creating a system of collective security, which caused significant changes in the concept of international security, interaction between countries, their cooperation. Such transformations have also affected the peacekeeping activities of the United Nations, which require it to step up its initiative, find new mechanisms and forms of conflict prevention that would correspond to current trends in the development of states and the specifics of conflict. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Mechanisms of preventive diplomacy are considered by many scientists, both domestic and foreign. Among domestic scientists, special attention is paid to this problem by I. Blyshchenko, M. Matsyakh, O. Gogosha, V. Makarov, I. Komirenko, D. Gorovtsov, A. Melkin, and S. Melnik. Regarding foreign scientists, we should pay attention to the works of such researchers as: G. Nicholson, M. Jensa, W. Latifi, J. Opio, W. Zartman, F. Mancini, A. Williams. It is worth paying attention to the publications of the UN Secretaries General: K. Annan, B. Boutros-Ghali. They detail the key functions of the United Nations, which is a key player in preventive diplomacy. Target of research. The purpose of the article is to define the concept of preventive diplomacy, the range of its subjects, the role in ensuring international and national security. Much attention is paid to the analysis of the activities of preventive diplomacy, which should actively cooperate with each other to effectively prevent conflicts. The authors try to summarize the experience of preventive diplomacy in the field of international and national security, and the obstacles that arise in the modern world in the implementation of its means. Article’s main body. The phrase “preventive diplomacy” came into use by the United Nations during the Cold War. In the late 1950s, UN Secretary-General Dаg Hammarskjöld used the phrase not as a method of preventing potential conflicts, but as a means of preventing conflicts. Boutros Boutros-Ghali’s 1992 Agenda for Peace states that diplomatic measures are best used to reduce tensions before they escalate into conflict and, if they do erupt, to contain the conflict quickly and resolving the controversies that caused it. Preventive diplomacy refers to actions aimed at preventing disputes between the parties, escalating existing disputes into conflicts and limiting the spread of the latter in the event of their occurrence. This definition provides an understanding of the objectives of preventive diplomacy, which the UN has associated with a range of actions, such as facilitation, mediation, conciliation, litigation and arbitration. The main areas of preventive diplomacy are: confidence-building measures, fact-finding, early warning, preventive deployment, and the creation of demilitarized zones. Subjective diplomacy actors such as the UN, the UN Secretary-General as its direct representative, regional bodies, national initiatives, humanitarian organizations and development agencies are widely considered. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The article summarizes the definition of the main problems of modern preventive diplomacy, which negatively affect the implementation of basic means of conflict prevention, confirms the effectiveness of preventive diplomacy in comparison with other instruments for maintaining peace and security in the world.

Developing a university-voluntary sector collaboration for social impact

This article outlines how a team of academics, professional staff and students from a Scottish University in the United Kingdom worked with voluntary sector partners to achieve civic and ‘social purpose’ goals, through setting up a project called The Collaborative. This is a reflective paper that draws on collaborative autoethnography and is written collarboratively by that team of academics, professional staff and students. We explore how universities can achieve their civic engagement goals by serving as anchor institutions, and we develop a conceptual framework for how anchor institutions can enact their institutional mission of ‘social purpose’. We uncover important considerations for university initiatives aiming to improve academic and student engagement with community partners for social change, with three learning points around building relationships, building capacity, and barriers to engagement. Service-learning can be used as a pathway to becoming a civic university, however, there are structural barriers that need to be overcome. This is an account of an ethical fact-finding project, reflecting on our experience of working with the local voluntary sector, designed to facilitate the University’s better engagement with such collaborative ‘social purpose’ ventures.

Combating the ‘myth of physical restraint’ in human trafficking and modern slavery trials heard in the Crown Court

The greatest hurdle to an effective criminal justice response to human trafficking is the prevalence of myths about how exploitation happens and who ‘counts’ as a genuine victim. This includes the myth that, to be a genuine victim, an individual must have been subject to some form of physical restraint. Previous work has demonstrated how this myth undermines trafficking prosecutions in various jurisdictions. It has demonstrated that, in the absence of physical restraint during their exploitation, victims are deemed to lack credibility. However, what is missing in the current body literature is a robust analysis of whether something should be done to address this issue. By engaging with the foundational principle of accurate fact-finding, this article argues that some form of regulation of cross-examination in the English and Welsh jurisdiction, with a view to preventing this myth from manifesting in trials, would be justified.

ADOPTION OF IMPROVED FARM PRACTICES IN MAIZE BY THE FARMERS OF NUAPADA DISTRICT OF ODISHA

Maize (Zea Mays L.) is considered as a unique cereal crop for its diversified use and suitability under various cropping systems. In India it is the third largest cereal crop in terms of acreage. The present study was conducted in Khariar block of Nuapada district of Odisha. Descriptive research design was followed, since the present study is fact-finding and present description of the respondents as well as the area. There are 117 villages in the selected block out of that 12 villages were selected through Random sampling based on existence of Maize cultivation. From the above analysis, it was concluded that majority (85.00%) of respondents were male. Majority (45.00%) of the respondents belonged to both the age group of (20-35) years and (36-55) years. Majority (80.00%) of respondents were married. Majority (70.00%) of respondents were having annual income more than 51,000. Majority (35.00%) of respondents were having education qualification up to High School. Majority (60.00%) of respondents were having land holding of 1-2 hectare. Majority (75.00%) of respondents were occupation Maize Farming and other crops farming collectively. Majority (80.00%) of respondents were having joint family. Majority (65.00%) of respondents were having family size of more than 5 members. Majority (45.00%) of respondents were having semi-cemented house. Majority (40.00%) of respondents were having social participation in Farmers Society. Majority (65.00%) of respondents daily used mobile. Majority (70.00%) of respondents were having maize farming experience up to 1-20 years. Majority (45.00%) of respondents were having medium level knowledge regarding Maize Cultivation Practices. Majority the adoption of Improved Production Technology of Maize was found to be high that is 75.00 percent. According to the response from the respondents, non-performance of visit by agricultural personnel time to time ranked I for constraints faced by the respondents, Lack of hybrid seed ranked II, Lack of credit facility at time ranked III, Lack of proper resources and capital ranked IV and so on. According to the suggestions received from the respondents, Hybrid seed should be available in time, Credit should be available earlier and timely, Availability of fertilizers and other inputs should be in time, Technical advice and training should be given at right time and so on.

An Analysis of Code Mixing in the MOVIE “From London to Bali”

examined is the types and level code-mixing. In types and level code-mixing, researchers used the Suwito theory. As for the types of code-mixing, including inner code-mixing and outer code-mixing, while in code-mixing level consists of six words: word-level code-mixing, phrase-level code-mixing, clause level code, baster level code-mixing, repetition level code-mixing, and code-mixing level idioms. This research design used is qualitative research. Qualitative research, among others, is descriptive. The data is collected more in the form of words or pictures rather than numbers. The qualitative descriptive method is a method that researchers can use to analyze by doing fact-finding with the right interpretation. Qualitative research is closely associated with the context. Based on the results of the analysis from London to Bali, the data was obtained for types of code-mixing consisting of inner code-mixing 115 data, outer code-mixing 46 data, and level code-mixing consisting of word-level code-mixing 145 data, phrase level code-mixing 10 data, code-mixing clause level 4 Data, baster level code-mixing 1 data, repetition level code-mixing 3 data, idiom level code-mixing 0 data.

The resolution of international watercourse disputes: how should states approach the matter?

<p>Disputes concerning international watercourses have been resolved in a variety of ways in the past. This paper builds upon the dispute resolution framework put forward in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses and state practice to develop a dispute resolution framework which will bring more efficient results for riparian states. This process emphasises the important role that fact finding can have in this context. Using this investigative process at an early stage in the dispute resolution process helps to reduce the areas of conflict between the states and provides a platform to encourage negotiations. The framework outlined also allows for recourse to negotiations, and the International Court of Justice (ICJ) or arbitration if a resolution cannot be found. Recourse to the ICJ and arbitral tribunals has been left to the final stage of the framework to reflect state practice in the area. If this style of dispute resolution framework is adopted by states it should allow for disputes to be resolved efficiently. In turn this is likely to increase the awareness and support for fact finding as an alternative means of dispute resolution in international relations more broadly.</p>