Recent progress in Tannic Acid-driven antimicrobial/antifouling surface coating strategies

Medical devices and surgical implants are a necessary part of tissue engineering and regenerative medicines. However, the biofouling and microbial colonization on the implant surface continues to be a major...

Tendon Tissue Repair in Prospective of Drug Delivery, Regenerative Medicines, and Innovative Bioscaffolds

The natural healing capacity of the tendon tissue is limited due to the hypovascular and cellular nature of this tissue. So far, several conventional approaches have been tested for tendon repair to accelerate the healing process, but all these approaches have their own advantages and limitations. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are interdisciplinary fields that aspire to develop novel medical devices, innovative bioscaffold, and nanomedicine, by combining different cell sources, biodegradable materials, immune modulators, and nanoparticles for tendon tissue repair. Different studies supported the idea that bioscaffolds can provide an alternative for tendon augmentation with an enormous therapeutic potentiality. However, available data are lacking to allow definitive conclusion on the use of bioscaffolds for tendon regeneration and repairing. In this review, we provide an overview of the current basic understanding and material science in the field of bioscaffolds, nanomedicine, and tissue engineering for tendon repair.

Current topics in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine: a regional perspective from the United Kingdom

This special issue of Emerging Topics in Life Sciences entitled ‘Current Topics in Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine’ brings together expertise from a collaborative organisation known as the Mercia Stem Cell Alliance (MSCA). The alliance was established initially by Professors Sue Kimber (University of Manchester) and Jon Frampton (University of Birmingham) just over 10 years ago and now has multiple regional centres of excellence across the Midlands and North West of the UK, including Aston University, University of Chester, Keele University, Manchester Metropolitan University, Lancaster University, University of Leicester, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moore's University, Loughborough University, University of Nottingham, University of Oxford, University of Sheffield, University of York. Many of these centres have contributed reviews to this issue. The MSCA also partners with industrial and clinical organisations, including the NHS, and is active in bringing stem cells and regenerative medicines to a meaningful translational endpoint (see: http://www.msca.manchester.ac.uk/).

Partnership agreements for regenerative medicines: a database analysis and implications for future innovation

Aim: Partnerships have been leveraged to advance the regenerative medicines (RMs) development. This study analyzed the evolution of partnership landscape for regenerative medicines (RMs). Methods: Partnership agreements publicly announced from January 2014 – June 2020 were described. Results: 1169 partnership agreements with total amount of US$63,496 million were identified. Most agreements concerned RMs that were for oncology (25.3%), in the discovery or preclinical phase (66.9%) and gene-based products (45.3%). The most common partnership type is collaborative agreements without licensing. The partnerships between ‘Biotechnology company and not-for-profit organizations’ represented the largest number (n = 416; 35.6%). ‘Big Pharma’ preferred collaboration and licensing agreements with a higher amount. Conclusion: Collaborations between highly specialized players with complementary expertise promote the successful translation of scientific discovery to RMs.

Stem Cell Technology in Regenerative Medicines and Cancer Treatment: Towards Revolution in Clinical Success

Stem cells are undifferentiated, immature, and unspecialized cells having huge potential for differentiation and proliferation into the specialized functionalized cells. More recently, CSC has been described in breast cancer and brain tumors where they make up as few as 1% of the cells in a tumor. The features of cancer stem cells are just like normal stem cells but their replication rate many times faster than normal cells. Regenerative medicines are based on stem cells, are potentially useful to regenerate damaged cells, tissues, organs and replace cancer cells with normal cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells are the most important candidates for regenerative medicines, tissue engineering, cell reprogramming, and 3D printing. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) have a tumorinitiating capacity and play crucial roles in tumor metastasis, relapse and chemo/ radioresistance. Because CSCs are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs and cause recurrence of cancer and also have the ability to be regenerated; they can cause serious problems in the treatment of various cancers. Numerous biocompatible biomaterials, miRNAs, nanomaterial, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are uses to reprograms stem cells into regenerative medicines for the treatment of cancer. The present paper describes the applications and importance of stem cells in regenerative medicines, cancer stem cells targeting therapies, and the role of miRNAs in cancer stem cells targeting.

Stem Cell Therapies for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration. MS patients typically present with a relapsing-remitting (RR) disease course, manifesting as sporadic attacks of neurological symptoms including ataxia, fatigue, and sensory impairment. While there are several effective disease-modifying therapies able to address the inflammatory relapses associated with RRMS, most patients will inevitably advance to a progressive disease course marked by a gradual and irreversible accrual of disabilities. Therapeutic intervention in progressive MS (PMS) suffers from a lack of well-characterized biological targets and, hence, a dearth of successful drugs. The few medications approved for the treatment of PMS are typically limited in their efficacy to active forms of the disease, have little impact on slowing degeneration, and fail to promote repair. In looking to address these unmet needs, the multifactorial therapeutic benefits of stem cell therapies are particularly compelling. Ostensibly providing neurotrophic support, immunomodulation and cell replacement, stem cell transplantation holds substantial promise in combatting the complex pathology of chronic neuroinflammation. Herein, we explore the current state of preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of stem cells in treating PMS and we discuss prospective hurdles impeding their translation into revolutionary regenerative medicines.

Stem Cells Applications in Therapeutics and Site-Specific Genome Editing Through CRISPR Cas9 System

Stem cells are immature cells that have ability to differentiate into all specific and mature cells in body. The two main characteristics of stem cells are selfrenewable and ability to differentiate into all mature, functional and adult cells types. There are the two major classes a) pluripotent stem cells which have potential to differentiate in all adult cell and b) multipotent stem cells which have capacity to differentiate into many adult cells but not in all cell types. Due to the self-renewable ability stem cells are used in therapeutics, tissue regeneration, disease modeling, regenerative medicines and to treat cardiovascular diseases, neural disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and most importantly to treat carcinomas. The human induced pluripotent stem cells provide a great platform to study and treatment of human diseases because these are able to differentiate into many functional and specialized adult cells of body. The genome editing tools such as CRISPR Cas9 system and TALENs are used to generate multiple DNA variants in hPSCs by inducing site specific mutations, frame shift mutation and deletion. In present days CRISPR Cas9 is more efficient and frequent method for genome editing which is derived from bacterial cell.

Urine-derived induced pluripotent/neural stem cells for modeling neurological diseases

Neurological diseases are mainly modeled using rodents through gene editing, surgery or injury approaches. However, differences between humans and rodents in terms of genetics, neural development, and physiology pose limitations on studying disease pathogenesis in rodent models for neuroscience research. In the past decade, the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) by reprogramming somatic cells offers a powerful alternative for modeling neurological diseases and for testing regenerative medicines. Among the different somatic cell types, urine-derived stem cells (USCs) are an ideal cell source for iPSC and iNSC reprogramming, as USCs are highly proliferative, multipotent, epithelial in nature, and easier to reprogram than skin fibroblasts. In addition, the use of USCs represents a simple, low-cost and non-invasive procedure for generating iPSCs/iNSCs. This review describes the cellular and molecular properties of USCs, their differentiation potency, different reprogramming methods for the generation of iPSCs/iNSCs, and their potential applications in modeling neurological diseases.

An Overview on Biomaterials: Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications

The development of biomaterials have existed from around half a century and manifest its use in different fields. Biomaterials are used in living creature body, looking on its biocompatibility nature. In recent years, advances of biomaterials are showing a marked presence in the fast growing fields of pharmaceuticals and medicines. According to their availability, different types of biomaterials like metal, ceramic, polymer and their composites are used for several purpose in the body. In this review article, types of biomaterials have been discussed with their advantages, disadvantages and recent applications in the pharmaceutical field such as implants used to mimic the structure and function of tissues, dental implants, wound healing, cell regeneration, regenerative medicines, delivery of drugs and different organ regeneration. Organ regeneration leading to replacement of organs such as heart, trachea and lungs etc. by use of specific biomaterials have been reported with the diagnosis of diseases and its treatment.

Stem Cells Applications in Therapeutics and Site-Specific Genome Editing Through CRISPR Cas9 System

Stem cells ae immature cells that have ability to differentiate into all specific and mature cells in body. The two main characteristics of stem cells are selfrenewable and ability to differentiate into all mature, functional and adult cells types. There are the two major classes a) pluripotent stem cells which have potential to differentiate in all adult cell and b) multipotent stem cells which have capacity to differentiate into many adult cells but not in all cell types. Due to the self-renewable ability stem cells are use in therapeutics, tissue regeneration, disease modeling and regenerative medicines and to treat cardiovascular diseases, neural disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and most importantly to treat carcinomas. The human induced pluripotent stem cells provide a great platform to study and treatment of human diseases because these are able to differentiate into many functional and specialized adult cells of body. The genome editing tools such as CRISPR Cas9 system and TALENs are used to generate multiple DNA variants in hPSCs by inducing site specific mutations, frame shift mutation and deletion. In present days CRISPR Cas9 is more efficient and frequent method for genome editing which is derived from bacterial cell.