LANGUAGE BOUNDARIES, PUBLISHING, AND POWER

Applied anthropologists in the English-speaking world tend to disregard publications in other languages; institutions emphasize English-language publishing and give less credence or value to work in other languages. Even applied anthropologists writing in non-English languages often privilege English sources. The invisibility of non-English applied anthropology diminishes the richness of our field, as we miss opportunities to gain insights from different academic, practice, and cultural traditions. This paper, based on a panel held at the 2021 SfAA Meetings, presents reflections on the challenges of language in the circulation of global knowledge for anthropological practice. We highlight the power relations embedded in language, as well as opportunities for applied anthropologists to promote communication and collaboration across boundaries.

Language Ideologies and Multilingual Practices of Post-Soviet Migrants in Western Europe from a Translanguaging Perspective

The main point of this paper is to describe, discuss and analyse multilingual practices of non-Russian migrants from the former Soviet Union from a translanguaging perspective uncovering language ideologies underpinning these practices. Using data collected through a 3-month linguistic ethnography supplemented by linguistic analysis of informal online communication, the Author found that fluid, translingual practices are generally not characteristic for the majority of well-educated post-Soviet migrants. Instead, we observe in the normative linguistic behaviour a lack of need or unwillingness to cross language boundaries and create hybrid linguistic forms.

Constructing a white mask through English: the misrecognized self in Orientalism

By examining relationships between language and race within Bourdieu's theoretical concept of “misrecognition”, this article highlights distinctive ways in which the mental structure of a minority individual becomes Orientalized in relation to a racialized identity construction. Specifically, it examines how English becomes misrecognized as the key to a desired white identity in the case of one prominent Korean intellectual of the 19th century, Yun Chi-Ho (1864–1945). To this end, this article analyses the English diaries written by Yun, which began during his sojourn in the United States (1888–1893). The analysis of the diaries illustrates how Yun subjected himself to an Orientalized gaze in 19th century America, a society marked by racial and language boundaries and how his inferiority complex led him to pursue a white identity with English as a primary tool. While Self-Orientalism is regarded as both a cause and outcome of Asian participation in the construction of the Orient, this article reconceptualizes Self-Orientalism as a process of misrecognition born out of the colonial context of superior-inferior distinction characterized by the boundedness of language and race. The article concludes by broadening out from the case of Yun to illustrate the impact of misrecognition on the continued covert operation of Self-Orientalism in contemporary times.

Phonemic Variation of Urdu Loanwords in Standard British English

Borrowing is one of the most common sources of new words in languages and loanwords are one of the types of borrowings across language boundaries. The English language has adopted many words from other languages throughout history. In this process, loanwords sometimes undergo certain variations. The present study is about phonemic variation of Urdu loanwords in standard British English. A list of 135 Urdu words of daily use that English has borrowed was compiled purposively from Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary, 10th ed. (2020) for analysis. All words in the list were transcribed into IPA. Urdu pronunciation was checked from ("Urdu Lughat," 2017) and Farhang-e-Talaffuz (2017) whereas English pronunciation was checked from Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary 10th ed. (2020) and a comparison was made to highlight phonemic variation. Analysis of data indicates that almost one third loanwords retain their pronunciation and among the rest, the majority of words undergo change of vowel sounds whereas others either change a consonant sound or vowel and consonant both in some cases.

Content Analysis of Language-Sensitive Recruitment Influenced by Corporate Language Policy Using Topic Modeling

Language-sensitive recruitment is a language management tool frequently used by corporate organizations. However, its relationship with corporate policy is lacking; hence, this study aims to consider language-sensitive job advertisements from a computational text analysis perspective and explore the match (or mismatch) between language-sensitive recruitment (English, Japanese, or bilingual) and corporate language policy. This study uses corpus methods combined with topic modeling and text analysis to investigate the influence of corporate language policy on the textual practice of language-sensitive recruitment in a Japanese multinational corporation (MNC). This study finds a considerable discrepancy between recruitment needs and corporate language policy. It also finds that bilinguals still play a key role in crossing language boundaries 10 years post-mandate of the English language policy in this Japanese MNC. The study contributes to business language by exploring an additional scenario for linking language competency with actual recruitment needs. Thus, this study sheds light on the implementation of language-sensitive recruitment in a multilingual corporate context, affecting the communication patterns and recruitment tactics.

A Cognitive Analysis of Poems in A Dream of Red Mansions from the Perspective of Image Schema

This paper adopts a cognitive perspective in the analysis of various image schemas in the novel A Dream of Red Mansions, one of the most influential classical masterpieces in Chinese literature. Two poems from the novel are interpreted from the perspective of link schema, container schema, up-down schema, part-whole schema, and source-path-goal schema, to reveal the personalities, values and life philosophies of the two female protagonists. The contrast between the pessimism and melancholy of Daiyu and the optimism and aspiration of Baochai demonstrates the author’s understanding of that time and society, especially the status and fate of females. The analysis illustrates that image schemas, which involves bodily experience and metaphorical projection from concrete to abstract domains, can surpass language boundaries, reveal emotions and themes, and shed light on cross-cultural studies of literature.

Translanguaging or code-switching?

Recent popularity of “translanguaging” as a concept referring to bilingual practices has challenged the appropriateness of “code-switching” – the term that has been most influential in studies of bilingualism and language mixing. Reassessing the literature on Cantonese-English mixing in Hong Kong, this paper suggests that the kind of spontaneous code-switching in peer talk, largely intra-sentential (or intra-clausal) and intra-turn, can indeed be recast as translanguaging, where speakers transcend language boundaries between Cantonese and English for the purpose of meaning-making. Nevertheless, Hong Kong speakers do constantly draw language boundaries by marking words as English or Cantonese, both in metalinguistic judgment and in real-time language production. Revisiting an unpublished dataset of radio talk, this paper further illustrates a number of sequences in which Cantonese speakers may “languagise” the code-switched words or expressions as “English”. It is concluded that, in a Conversation-Analytic understanding, the difference between “translanguaging” and “code-switching” boils down to “languagising”, and the contrast between the two notions may have been overstated.

CLOUD BASED MULTI-LANGUAGE INDEXING USING CROSS LINGUAL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL APPROACHES

The exponential growth of data sizes created by digital media (video/audio/images), physicalsimulations, scientific instruments and web authoring joins the new growth of interest in cloud computing. The options for distribution and parallelization of information in clouds make the retrieval and storage processes very complicated, especially when faced with real-time data management. The quantity of Web Users getting access to data over Internet is expanding step by step. An enormous measure of data on Internet is accessible in various languages which could be accessed by anyone whenever. The Information Retrieval (IR) manages finding valuable data from a huge assortment of unorganized, organized and semi-organized information. In the present situation, the variety of data and language boundaries are the difficult challenges for communication and social trade over the world. To tackle such obstructions, CLIR, the cross-language information retrieval frameworks, are these days in solid interest. The Query Expansion (Q.E.) is the way toward adding related and important terms to original inquiry to upgrade its indexing ability to improve the significance of recovered files in CLIR. In this exploration work, Q.E. has been investigated for a Hindi-English and Kannada-English CLIR in that Hindi and Kannada queries are utilized to look through English docs. After the interpretation of query, recovered outcomes are positioned making use of OkapiBM25 to organize the most important doc at the top for expanding the significance of recovered docs using QE. We proposed architecture for Hindi-English and Kannada-English CLIR making use of QE. to improve the importance of recovered reports. In the primary investigation, QE. is performed with and without OkapiBM25 ranking. The outcomes show that the pertinence of recovered archives is higher with OKapiBM25 as contrast with the one without positioning. The work docs plainly demonstrate that the presentation of Hindi-English and Kannada-English CLIR framework can be improved altogether with query development using fitting terms located at suitable place and the recovered Snippets can incredibly fill in as the continuous test collection.