Soybean productivity in the Northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region, depending on agrotechnical techniques

The solution to the problem of feed protein deficiency is possible with an increase in acreage and the selection of agrotechnical methods of soybean cultivation, taking into account the conditions of the natural and climatic zone. One of the main elements of the farming system that allows to increase the yield of soybeans is rational basic tillage, its depth depending on the type of soil, providing favorable conditions for plant growth and development, which has not been studied in the northern forest-steppe in the Tyumen region. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of agrotechnical techniques on soybean productivity in the northern forest-steppe in the Tyumen region. During the research the influence of basic tillage and its depth on agrophysical (soil density, reserves of productive moisture), agrochemical soil parameters, uniformity of sowing depth, germination and preservation of soybean plants has been established. The contamination of crops, the species composition of weeds, and the degree of contamination during soybean cultivation by basic tillage with the use of herbicide during the growing season has been studied. It has been found that the highest level of profitability of 39,7 % was achieved with the differentiated method of tillage, with the mouldboard plowing (20–22 cm) it was less by 7,2 %, with the subsurface tillage (20–22 cm) it was less by 19,3 %. The decrease in the depth of processing leads to the decrease in the level of profitability by 4,0 % with the mouldboard plowing, by 2,2 % with the subsurface tillage and by 7,4 % with the diff erentiated method. With zero tillage, the profitability level was below control by 14,6 %. Thus, the most cost-effective was the differentiated method of tillage (20-22 cm) with the profitability level of 39,7 % and a profit of 9765 rubles/ha.

The effectiveness of the use of Sinorhizobium meliloti in the cultivation of variable alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.)

As a result of three-year studies, we have established a growth in the yield and feed advantages of variable alfalfa in the variants with inoculation of seeds with virulent active strains of rhizobia. The total yield augmentation of green mass in the experimental variants over the three years of alfalfa life were 6.8–13.7 % compared to the control ones. The positive effect of inoculation with virulent active rhizobia strains on the total collection of dry matter was expressed in its increase in experimental conditions by 12.6–21.7 %. The highest yield of green mass, as well as dry matter was obtained in the variant with the inoculation of alfalfa seeds with the main production strain 425. The researched factor has a positive effect on the collection of feed units, digestible protein and feed protein units from 1 ha. The collection of feed units per hectare in the experimental versions increases by 1.1–1.3 times, the collection of digestible protein – by 1.2–1.4 times. The maximum substance of feed units and digestible protein per hectare was observed in the version with seed inoculation with strain 425a. The provision of a feed unit with digestible protein increases by 10.44–18.18 g or by 6.1–10.6 %.

Effect of energy and dose of vitamin E selenium on improving the reproduction performance of Joper brood stock

Production performance in Joper broodstock can be improved through increased feed energy and vitamin E-selenium supplementation. This study used 400 laying hens Isa Brown aged 35 weeks and 15 Sentul rooster aged 68 weeks. This study used a factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors, namely metabolic energy levels (2,700 and 2,800 kcal/kg) and vitamin E-selenium supplementation doses (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) where each treatment used 10 laying hens and repeated 4 times. The dose of selenium is 0.001 ppm/mg vitamin E. The energy level has a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on (feed, protein and energy) intake and HDP. The dose level of vitamin E- selenium in feed had a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on HDP and significant (P < 0.05) on (feed, protein and energy) intake and FCR. The interaction between the two has a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on HDP. The average feed intake 113-115 g/day, protein intake 21.90-22.20 g/day and energy intake 308-317 kcal/bird. HDP 76.70-83.00%. The conclusion of this study is that feed with metabolic energy of 2800kcal/kg and vitamin E-selenium supplementation at a dose of 100 ppm can improve the productivity of Joper broodstock.

Effects of the Soil Moisture Content on the Superoxide Anion and Proline Contents in Soybean Leaves

Background: As an important source of feed protein, soybean is involved in the processing industry, food industry and other fields. Therefore, in recent years, the demand for soybean has increased and soybean planting areas have also increased. However, frequent droughts have a serious impact on soybean yield. Methods: During the flowering period, the soybean plants were subjected to drought treatments of different degrees (0-7 days without water). The superoxide anion and proline contents in the leaves were determined. Then, fitting curves were drawn between the soil moisture content and the superoxide anion and proline contents. Result: The effects of different soil moisture contents on the superoxide anion and proline contents in soybean leaves and the correlation between these contents were analyzed. According to the fitting curves, with a decrease in the volumetric water content of soil, the superoxide anion and proline contents in soybean leaves increased. The superoxide anion contents in drought-tolerant cultivars were significantly lower than those in drought-sensitive cultivars and the proline contents were significantly higher in drought-tolerant cultivars than those in drought-sensitive cultivars. The superoxide anion content in soybean leaves was positively correlated with the proline content in the soil volumetric water content range of 31.5% to 14.5%.

Determination of productivity of milking cows and emissions of greenhouse gases from organic waste with different approaches to the organization of the technology of their feeding

The analysis of approaches to reduce the consumption of fodder protein and greenhouse gas emissions from organic waste in milk production is carried out, and the need to determine these indicators for various approaches to organizing the technology of their feeding is established. An increase in the content of difficult-to-digest protein in the diets of high-yielding cows made it possible to reduce greenhouse gas emissions per head per day by 14.12 % in CO2 equivalent when using 1.5 kg of TEP-mix in the ration of cows. When using 1.0 kg of TEP-mix, this figure was 6.44 %. In terms of 1 kg of milk with basic fat content, these indicators are 26.72 % and 12.98 %, respectively. A multicriteria analysis of milk production with different approaches to organizing the technology of feeding dairy cows and, in particular, when using the additive TEP-mix with a protected protein showed a significant advantage of research option No. 1 (1.5 kg of TEP-mix). For it, the objective function according to the considered criteria is the smallest and amounts to 0.039 in comparison with the idealized variant. At the same time, the target function of the control variant (without TEP-mix) is 2.67 times worse, and for the experimental variant No. 2 (1.0 kg of TEP-mix) this indicator is 2.12. The use of TEP-mix in feeding cows provided an increase in their milk productivity, milk fat and protein content and, as a result, the profitability of milk production. The studies have found that the use of the proposed approaches to the organization of the technology of feeding cows provides an increase in their productivity, a decrease in the cost of feed protein and an improvement in environmental protection. According to the authors, this is due to an increase in the content of difficult-to-digest protein in the diets of high-yielding cows

Kajian Pengelolaan Biokonversi Sampah Organik melalui Budidaya Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Studi Kasus: PKPS Medan)

The cultivation of maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is a bioconversion technology of organic matter that can be one solution to the problem of organic waste. This study aims to examine aspects of organic waste management through BSF Medan maggot cultivation, including operational technical, financing, institutional, regulatory and community and government participation aspects. This research is a descriptive observational study with an exploratory study approach using the interview method. Descriptive and quantitative data processing and analysis. Based on operational technical aspects, maggot cultivation has succeeded in converting organic waste into a source of animal feed protein and reducing the amount of organic waste. The amount of organic waste that is managed is 90kg/day with an effectiveness of 0.013% the total domestic waste in Medan. The financing and institutional aspects of waste management are managed in an organized manner through a cooperative body, namely the Primary Waste Management Cooperative (PKPS) Medan. The regulatory aspect that is used as reference is Medan Mayor Regulation No. 26 of 2019. Aspects of community participation directly from members of the cooperative and the Laucih wholesale market trader in Medan City. This bioconversion technology is able to overcome the problem of waste in an effort to reduce organic waste.

230 Microalgae as an Alternative Feed Protein: Opportunities and Challenges

A major mission of the animal industry is to help protect global food security with little or no impacts on climate and environment. In fact, the global food security depends on a sustainable protein production and supply. Currently, there is a direct competition between feed and food protein need. As animal feeds use 70–80% of the produced soybean, alternative proteins are required to sustain the industry. This presentation will report research findings from three large consortium projects in exploring the dual application of microalgae as a new generation of feedstock for biofuel production and high-quality feed protein supply. A comprehensive review will be provided on effects of supplemental full- or de-fatted microalgal biomass in diets for broiler chickens, laying hens, pigs, and fish on their production performance, nutrient metabolism and molecular responses, and health values of their products. Discussions will be given on practical concerns over the production cost related to soybean meal, the production volume/scale for a constant supply, and the biosafety and acceptance as a regular ingredient. Future research will be proposed to synchronize the nutritional, health, and sustainability potential of microalgae as a viable feed protein source.

Microalgae: a unique source of poultry feed protein

This chapter reviews effects of supplemental full- or de-fatted microalgal biomass in diets for broiler chickens, laying hens, and other types of poultry on their production performance, meat and egg qualities, nutrient metabolism, and molecular responses. Different sources of microalgal biomass have shown excellent potential to replace a good amount of SBM and(or) corn without adverse effects. Meanwhile, microalgae are used to enrich chicken meat and eggs with n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phytochemicals for adding human health-promoting values to these animal products. The dual application of microalgae for producing biofuels and replacing conventional feed protein stands as propitious mediator to reshape the junction between intensifying animal agriculture and meeting the global needs for energy, food, and environmental sustainability.