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2022 ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Richard A. I. Drew ◽  
Meredith C. Romig

Abstract Given the rich rainforest flora of Papua New Guinea, which includes some 8000 known plant species, it is understandable why this land mass contains such a rich dacine fauna, with the largest number of species of any land mass across the entire Asian/Pacific region. Major collections of Dacini have been obtained, over the past two decades, by male lure trapping and host fruit sampling across large areas of Papua New Guinea. These surveys have provided the specimens for the descriptions of the new species in this book. In particular, the use of vanillylacetone has resulted in the collection of a number of previously unknown species.


2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110613
Author(s):  
Qiang Xia ◽  
Lucia V. Torian ◽  
Sarah L. Braunstein ◽  
Oni J. Blackstock

Antiretroviral treatment has greatly improved the survival of people living with diagnosed HIV (PLWDH), but little information is available on the time since diagnosis among them. Using New York City HIV surveillance data, we described the trend in the number of years since diagnosis among PLWDH during 2010-2019 and reported the mean, median, and interquartile range (IQR) of years since diagnosis among PLWDH in New York City in 2019, overall and by gender, race and ethnicity, and transmission risk. The median number of years since diagnosis among PLWDH in New York City increased from 10.5 years (IQR, 6.3-15.6) in 2010 to 16.3 years (IQR, 8.9-22.1) in 2019. By gender, transgender people had the shortest time since diagnosis, with a median of 11.4 years (IQR, 5.6-17.9), compared with men (median = 15.2 years; IQR, 8.1-21.6) and women (median, 18.5 years; IQR, 12.0-23.0). By race and ethnicity, non-Hispanic White people had been living with the diagnosis for the longest time (median = 17.4 years; IQR, 9.5-23.5), and Asian/Pacific Islander people had been living with the diagnosis for the shortest time (median = 10.1 years; IQR, 4.7-17.0). With an expected and continuing increase in the number of years since HIV diagnosis among PLWDH, programs that provide treatment and support services will need to be expanded, updated, and improved.


Author(s):  
Ashley O. London ◽  
Liam W. Gallagher ◽  
Rahul K. Sharma ◽  
Daniel Spielman ◽  
Justin S. Golub ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) are complex, interconnected social determinants of health outcomes. This study uses multivariable analysis on a combination of large national datasets to examine the effects of these factors on 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) and conditional DSS (CDSS) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods A retrospective study of adults with NPC between 2000 and 2017 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, End Results (SEER) registry was performed, using the National Cancer Institute Yost Index, a census tract–level composite score of SES to categorize patients. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox's regression for DSS and CDSS were stratified by SES. Logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors for advanced cancer stage at time of diagnosis and receiving multimodal therapy. Results Our analysis included 5,632 patients. DSS was significantly associated with race and SES (p < 0.01). Asian/Pacific Islander patients exhibited increased survival when controlling for other variables (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73, p < 0.01). Although Black patients were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced disease (Black odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, p < 0.01), Black patients were also less likely to receive multimodal therapy; however, this relationship lost statistical significance once SES was incorporated into the multivariable analysis. DSS was decreased among the lowest (first) and middle (second) tertiles of SES (first HR = 1.34, p < 0.01; second HR = 1.20, p < 0.01) compared with the highest (third). Conclusion Our results indicate that race, ethnicity, and SES significantly affect survival, stage at diagnosis, and treatment of NPC. An interplay of tumor biology and inequalities in access to care likely drives these disparities.


2021 ◽  
pp. 074355842110621
Author(s):  
Josefina Bañales ◽  
Adriana Aldana ◽  
Katie Richards-Schuster ◽  
Alexandra Merritt

This descriptive, exploratory, sequential mixed-methods study investigated youths’ articulations about racism via an open-ended survey question, and the extent to which these articulations differed based on youths’ demographic characteristics. This study included 384 youth who identified as African American ( n = 98), Latinx/o/Hispanic ( n = 74), Asian/Pacific Islander ( n = 52), Multiracial ( n = 38), Native American ( n = 20), and White ( n = 100). Youth were between 14 and 18 years of age ( Mage = 16.66, SD = 1.28) and were primarily cisgender girls (51.3%) followed by cisgender boys (44.5%) and transgender (4.2%) youth. Thematic analysis was used to analyze youths’ responses, finding that youth displayed an analysis of intrapersonal/interpersonal racism, structural racism, and color-evasive ideology. Cross-tabulation analysis revealed that youth from lower socioeconomic statues (SES) were more likely than higher SES youth to describe racism as an intrapersonal/interpersonal phenomenon, and girls and transgender youth were more likely than boys to express a structural analysis of racism. Study findings suggest that youths’ beliefs about racism are multidimensional and primarily characterize racism as an intrapersonal/interpersonal phenomenon. Results may be used to inform the development of youth programs that aim to discuss racism in critical ways.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Vili Nosa ◽  
Kitione Veitogavi

The purpose of this study is to undertake a literature review on the theme of medical tourism. We will use Fiji as a case study. The paper uses a systemic review of secondary data with a comprehensive data extraction methodology to match the subject areas with the specific countries being investigated. This literature review used 61 articles. Most medical tourism cases are driven by a desire for more economical healthcare services than those in most medical tourists' home nations. In order to drive essential improvements, the quality of services encourages investment in technology and facilities in medical tourism-active countries. With increased medical tourism investment and patient numbers, Asian Pacific countries have gained substantial foreign revenue. There are also many questions and uncertainties, despite the many positive aspects of medical tourism, such as the lack of a database to store patient records anywhere in the world or on the ground, growing medical tourism difficulties for local health services, and social and political factors such as corruption, political wars, and government uncertainty, all of which can have a significant impact on a country's medical care. Fiji has begun efforts to develop its medical tourism sector, setting up Oceania Hospital, and investing in Ba and Lautoka hospitals, operated and equipped by the Health Care Fiji brand. However, Fiji requires extensive government support, skilled and qualified personnel, valuable partnerships in its local sector, and infrastructural upgrades to incorporate medical tourism fully.   


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kento Tomizawa ◽  
Takahiro Oike ◽  
Ken Ando ◽  
Daisuke Irie ◽  
Makoto Sakai ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) plays a pivotal role in definitive radiotherapy of cervical cancer. Although the combination of a tandem and ovoid applicator with interstitial needles (IC/IS brachytherapy) is an efficient IGABT technique for bulky irregular-shaped tumors, training opportunities for IC/IS brachytherapy remain limited. Thus, we developed a training simulator for IC/IS brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer and tested its feasibility. Methods The training simulator combined a patient-derived soft silicone tumor phantom with an acrylic tube mimicking the vagina. The tumor phantom was modeled on a cervical cancer patient treated with IGABT at our institute between 2012–2020, through detailed inspection of their three-dimensional (3D) high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) at the first brachytherapy session. A true-scale tumor phantom was created from the HR-CTV data using 3D-printing. The feasibility of the training simulator was investigated by comparing treatment plans between the following six sessions (sessions #1–#3, with a Fletcher-Suit Asian Pacific applicator; #4–#6, with a Venezia applicator): in sessions #1 and #4, an expert inserted a tandem and ovoids (T&O); in sessions #2 and #5, a resident inserted a T&O plus four needles; and in sessions #3 and #6, an expert inserted a T&O plus four needles. At each session, the highest possible dose was prescribed to the HR-CTV while keeping the D2cc of the rectum and bladder (derived from the model case) below 6 and 7.6 Gy, respectively. Results The training simulator was developed using the HR-CTV data of a FIGO stage IIIB tumor (68 ⋅ 49 ⋅ 45 mm) selected from one of 495 candidates. The feasibility tests with a Fletcher-Suit Asian Pacific applicator resulted in HR-CTV D90 of 4.23, 5.69, and 6.70 Gy for sessions #1, #2, and #3, respectively. With a Venezia applicator, HR-CTV D90 was 4.16, 6.20, and 6.45 Gy for sessions #4, #5, and #6, respectively. Conclusions The tumor phantom was a good representation that resulted in various HR-CTV D90 doses depending on the physician’s experience and applicator type. Further evaluation of the training simulator is warranted to confirm its educational value for IC/IS brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Nicholas O. Pagan

Employing the distinction between explicit and implicit rules as formulated by psychoanalytic theorist and philosopher Slavoj Žižek, this article examines the way in which challenges toward an initial rule-based fantasy take place within transnational families. In particular, the article employs an implicit, unwritten rules framework to assess the effect of transpacific migration on the institution of family within the Chinese American diaspora as represented in post-World War II fiction by Asian Pacific authors C.Y. Lee and Shawn Wong. Suggesting five implicit rules underpinning Chinese American families, the article examines Lee’s The Flower Drum Songto highlight early challenges to these rules before finding in Wong’s Homebasean unflinching adherence to an implicit rule concerning reverence for ancestors. Wong has the advantage of writing in the wake of the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act and of being in a position to trace more and more challenges to the initial fantasy following later waves of transpacific migration. His novel American Kneesis then shown to epitomize the implicit rules being stretched almost to breaking point as, for instance, the criteria for spouse selection becomes no longer Chinese or partially Chineseor even Asian or partially Asian but Americanization.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Septa - Aryanika ◽  
Ratih Henisah ◽  
Dewi Kurniawati ◽  
Is Susanto

This study aims to determine the frequency and process of derivational and inflectional morphemes in Joko Widodo's speech at the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. The study used descriptive qualitative analysis methods. The data were analyzed using Fromkin's principle. The data analysis yielded 133 terms made up of derivational and inflectional morphemes. Derivational morphemes accounted for 50.37 percent of all occurrences in this study, while inflectional morphemes accounted for 49.63 percent. The researchers discovered several derivation processes that modify grammatical classes while remaining unchanged, such as noun form, adjective form, verb form, adverb form, adjective form, noun to noun, and adjective to adjective. In this study, five types of Inflectional morphemes were found: -s (plural and third-person singular), -ing (progressive), -ed (past tense), and -er (comparative).  Morphemes are an important feature of language so it is important for students to learn in school, especially for language learners. Morphological awareness, which we describe as a basic understanding of the morphemic structure of words, is required of the learner. Finally, the implications of this research will be an inspiration for further research in morphological processing, especially regarding derivational and inflectional morphemes. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Koh ◽  
Brian A Ference ◽  
Stephen J Nicholls ◽  
Ann Marie Navar ◽  
Derek P Chew ◽  
...  

The prevalence of dyslipidaemia has been increasing in the Asia-Pacific region and this is attributed to dietary changes and decreasing physical activity. While there has been substantial progress in dyslipidaemia therapy, its management in the region is hindered by limitations in awareness, adherence and healthcare costs. The Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology (APSC) developed these consensus recommendations to address the need for a unified approach to managing dyslipidaemia. These recommendations are intended to guide general cardiologists and internists in the assessment and treatment of dyslipidaemia and are hoped to pave the way for improving screening, early diagnosis and treatment. The APSC expert panel reviewed and appraised the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. Consensus recommendations were developed, which were then put to an online vote. The resulting consensus recommendations tackle contemporary issues in the management of dyslipidaemia, familial hypercholesterolaemia and lipoprotein(a) in the Asia-Pacific region.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 472-472
Author(s):  
Eileen Rillamas-Sun ◽  
Barbara Cochrane ◽  
Kenneth Pike ◽  
Nancy Woods

Abstract Our aim was to examine the relationship of predictors of well-being from prior studies to the well-being profile developed from data from aging WHI participants. Class 1 included women with both low hedonic and eudaemonic well-being scores, class 4 with the highest scores. Classes 2 and 3 had moderate scores, with class 2 having higher hedonic and lower eudaemonic scores and class 3 having lower hedonic and higher eudaemonic scores. We examined associations between predictors and well-being classes. Youngest women were in Class 4 (mean=60.2 years) and oldest in Class 3 (mean=63.2). African American women had higher proportions in in Classes 2 and 3, Latinas in Classes 1 and 3, and Asian/Pacific Islanders in Class 3. College graduates, married women and those with household incomes &gt;$50,000 were most likely in Class 4. Associations with age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status and income were consistent with prior analyses incorporating individual well-being indicators.


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