Knowledge in Sight: Toddlers Plan Efficient Epistemic Actions by Anticipating Learning Gains

Anticipating the learning consequences of actions is crucial to plan efficient information-seeking. Such a capacity is needed for learners to determine which actions are most likely to result in learning. Here, we tested the early ontogeny of the human capacity to anticipate the amount of learning gained from seeing. In Study 1, we tested infants’ capacity to anticipate the availability of sight. Fourteen-month-old infants (N = 72) were invited to search for a toy hidden inside a container. The participants were faster to attempt at opening a shutter when this action allowed them to see inside the container. Moreover, this effect was specifically observed when seeing inside the container was potentially useful to the participants’ goals. Thus, infants anticipated the availability of sight, and they calibrated their information-seeking behaviors accordingly. In Studies 2-3, we tested toddlers’ capacity to anticipate whether data would be cognitively useful for their goals. Two-and-a-half-year-olds (N = 72) had to locate a target character hidden among distractors. The participants flipped the characters more often, and were comparatively faster to initiate this action when it yielded access to visual data allowing them to locate the target. Thus, toddlers planned their information-seeking behaviors by anticipating the cognitive utility of sight. In contrast, toddlers did not calibrate their behaviors to the cognitive usefulness of auditory data. These results suggest that cognitive models of learning guide toddlers’ search for information. The early developmental onset of the capacity to anticipate future learning gains is crucial for active learning.

Mutual Learning for Policy Impact: Insights from CORE. Adapting research methods in the context of Covid-19

On 25 November 2021, the CORE Knowledge Translation Services team at the Institute of Development Studies, UK, hosted an online clinic session to facilitate the sharing of experiences and mutual learning on how CORE projects have or can adapt their research activities in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. The clinic was attended by 22 CORE members from 12 projects and featured contributions from two CORE projects: The Youth Question in Africa: Impact, Response and Protection Measures in the IGAD Region and A New Digital Deal for an Inclusive Post-Covid-19 Social Compact: Developing Digital Strategies for Social and Economic Reconstruction. This learning guide captures the practical insights and advice from the event, to help inform the practice of participants and other projects across the portfolio.

TEACHER THEORY AND ADAPTABLE MODEL: AN APPLICATION TO TEACHING PROFESSION

<p>The application of teaching profession in the teacher theory and adaptable model defines a teaching work and features that involves the change, novelty, and daily basis of uncertainty. The change is effectively a response to the necessary adaptability among teachers in their function and healthy effectiveness in their work. It assesses the various approaches and adaptability to describe the practice and implication on the development of teachers’ relevance to the knowledge for further experiences. It provides adaptability and technological impact and change in the teaching process. On the other hand, the teacher theory and adaptable model in the application of the teaching profession refers to the following acronym, T stands for Talent, E stands for Enthusiastic, A stands for Adaptable, C stands for Creative, H stands for Honest, E stands for Effective, and R stands for Resourcefulness where the approach and the process consider teaching and learning perspective manner considering the student performance in the learning process. The teaching provides rich knowledge of the profession of teachers as specialists in molding and shaping the future of students in their professional fields. Moreover, the teacher theory and adaptable model cycle highlights the characteristics and features of expert teachers to include content knowledge, extensive pedagogy, diverse learners, adaptation, problem solving strategies and techniques, decision making, event classroom perception, context sensitivity, and respect for students. It stresses the knowledge that holds teachers in the academic assimilation and highlights knowledge in the classroom practical experiences. Furthermore, the application of the theory and adaptable model in the teaching profession is very essential in the structure and understanding the domain of learning and teaching as to affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains in different approaches of teaching as to student reinforcement and learning guide, make relevant learning meaningful, foster learning, self-direction, and incorporate interes t and prior learning knowledge.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0974/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Mutual Learning for Policy Impact: Insights from CORE. Shaping Policy and Practice with Intersectional Gender Responsive Evidence (in the Context of Covid-19)

On the 19 and 20 October 2021, the Institute of Development Studies hosted an online dialogue which aimed to enhance efforts to inform and influence policy, management, and practice with intersectional gender-responsive evidence by sharing learning between CORE cohort members from their approaches and experiences at country and regional levels. The event was attended by over 30 participants from 19 partners across the CORE cohort and highlighted the experiences of CORE partners Glasswing and the Arab Reform Initiative (ARI). This learning guide captures the practical insights and advice from the event, to help inform the practice of participants and other projects across the portfolio.

Teaching & Learning Guide for: Risky-choice framing and rational decision-making

An influential program of psychological research suggests that people’s judgements and decisions depend on the way in which information is presented, or ‘framed’. In a central choice paradigm, decision-makers seem to adopt different preferences, and different attitudes to risk, depending on whether the options specify the number of people who will be saved or the corresponding number who will die. It is standardly assumed that such responses violate a foundational tenet of rational decision-making, known as the principle of description invariance. However, recent theoretical and empirical research has begun to challenge the dominant ‘irrationalist’ narrative. The alternative approaches being developed typically pay close attention to how decision- makers represent decision problems (including their interpretation of numerical quantifiers or predicate choice). They also highlight the need for a more robust characterization of the description invariance principle itself.