Design of a Methodological Intervention for Developing Respect, Inclusion and Equality in Physical Education

The following educational intervention proposal arises from the importance of implementing an education based on fostering values through physical education (PE) lessons. PE has certain characteristics that contribute to enhancing learning at a social, affective and psychological level, in addition to promoting adequate physical development. The proposed design is based on Donald Hellison’s personal and social responsibility model (TPSR), whose main objective is to achieve a teaching methodology that can convey values and skills in the lives of youth at risk of exclusion. Different sports modalities are used in the initiation phase, which make up a ten-week teaching unit and in which the game takes the leading role. The application of this program focuses specifically on students in compulsory secondary education, a stage in which significant changes are experienced in many aspects and levels. However, it is completely adaptable to other developmental stages. In this way, the main objective of this work is to create an intervention proposal that aims to promote, following a set of intervention units of sessions, the development of the three main values in which this work is based: respect, equality and inclusion.

An Assessment of Whether a Carbon Neutral Initiative Can Successfully Be implemented at Victoria University of Wellington

<p>The scientific evidence is now in no doubt - anthropogenic climate change has created a severe global problem and demands an urgent global response. The origin of anthropogenic climate change lies in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Avoiding serious climate change will require reductions in GHG emissions from all sources. Universities can demonstrate leadership in this area by not only conducting research and teaching about climate change, but also by going further and starting to manage and mitigate their own impact on the climate. This thesis assesses whether Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) can become carbon neutral and therefore have no net impact on climate change. Applying a corporate social responsibility model, the interface between the universities as teaching and research institutes and agents of change is investigated. This way, the opportunities, benefits and barriers in place for the university to become carbon neutral are identified and a framework to implement this initiative is developed. The research found several potential short-term and enlightened self-interest benefits available to VUW in becoming carbon neutral. Despite this, many barriers will need to be overcome to achieve neutrality. The main obstacle is gaining a firm commitment from the University Council and senior management. If this commitment is achieved, then VUW is in a strong position to demonstrate leadership both at the level of the local Wellington community and nationally.</p>

An Assessment of Whether a Carbon Neutral Initiative Can Successfully Be implemented at Victoria University of Wellington

<p>The scientific evidence is now in no doubt - anthropogenic climate change has created a severe global problem and demands an urgent global response. The origin of anthropogenic climate change lies in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Avoiding serious climate change will require reductions in GHG emissions from all sources. Universities can demonstrate leadership in this area by not only conducting research and teaching about climate change, but also by going further and starting to manage and mitigate their own impact on the climate. This thesis assesses whether Victoria University of Wellington (VUW) can become carbon neutral and therefore have no net impact on climate change. Applying a corporate social responsibility model, the interface between the universities as teaching and research institutes and agents of change is investigated. This way, the opportunities, benefits and barriers in place for the university to become carbon neutral are identified and a framework to implement this initiative is developed. The research found several potential short-term and enlightened self-interest benefits available to VUW in becoming carbon neutral. Despite this, many barriers will need to be overcome to achieve neutrality. The main obstacle is gaining a firm commitment from the University Council and senior management. If this commitment is achieved, then VUW is in a strong position to demonstrate leadership both at the level of the local Wellington community and nationally.</p>

Modelos de responsabilidad social corporativa en el sector deporte. Una revisión sistemática (Models of corporate social responsibility in the sports sector. A systematic Review)

Las organizaciones deportivas sirven como plataforma para llevar a cabo transformaciones a nivel social, medio ambiental y económico y para promover el bienestar de las personas. De esta manera, se suscitan acciones sostenibles y en búsqueda del éxito organizacional se implementan mecanismos de regulación y se respeta la opinión de los grupos de interés. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es identificar y describir los modelos de responsabilidad social corporativa implementados en el sector deporte. Siguiendo la estructura del protocolo PRISMA se realizó una revisión sistemática en cuatro bases de datos (SportDiscus, Scopus, Scielo y Proquest), utilizando las palabras clave “corporate social responsibility”, “model”, “sport”, “measuring” y “sport organization”, el período de búsqueda fue de 10 años (2011-2020) y se seleccionaron un total de 15 artículos. Entre los resultados se encontró que los modelo de RSC en el sector deporte son escasos y los existentes se basan en escalas, cuestionarios y guiones de entrevista semiestructurada para conocer la opinión de los fanáticos, los deportistas y los gerentes. La evidencia científica indica la necesidad de implementar de manera efectiva los modelos de RSC porque son un canal de motivación, confianza y legitimidad con los deportistas, aficionados y grupos de interés, mejoran la imagen corporativa y la relación con la comunidad. Esta investigación presenta una línea de estudio para investigaciones futuras y sugerencias para que las organizaciones deportivas generen beneficios en los grupos de interés y promuevan valores. Abstract. Sports organizations serve as a platform to carry out transformations at a social, environmental and economic level and to promote the well-being of people. In this way, sustainable actions are raised and in search of organizational success, regulatory mechanisms are implemented and the opinion of stakeholders is respected. The objective of this systematic review is to identify and describe the corporate social responsibility models implemented in the sports sector. Following the structure of the PRISMA protocol, a systematic review was carried out in four databases (SportDiscus, Scopus, Scielo and Proquest), using the keywords "corporate social responsibility", "model", "sport", "measuring" and "sport organization ”, the search period was 10 years (2011-2020) and a total of 15 articles were selected. Among the results, it was found that CSR models in the sports sector are scarce and the existing ones are based on scales, questionnaires and semi-structured interview scripts to find out the opinion of fans, athletes and managers. Scientific evidence indicates the need to effectively implement CSR models because they are a channel of motivation, trust and legitimacy with athletes, fans and interest groups, improve the corporate image and the relationship with the community. This research presents a line of study for future research and suggestions for sports organizations to generate benefits for interest groups and promote values.

Effects of a hybrid teaching model (SEM + TGfU) and the model of personal and social responsibility on sportsmanship and enjoyment in 4° Secondary and 1° Baccalaureate students (Efectos de un modelo híbrido de enseñanza (MED + TGfU) y el modelo de respon

The application of pedagogical models can have positive effects on sportsmanship and students’ enjoyment of Physical Education (PE) lessons. The aim of this study was to compare the influence on sportsmanship and fun of the application of, on the one hand, the combination of the Sports Education Model (SEM) and the Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) model and, on the other, the Personal and Social Responsibility Model (PSRM). The participants in this study were a total of 85 Spanish teenagers, 39 girls and 46 boys, studying Secondary Education. They completed the SSI questionnaires adapted to Physical Education (SSI-PE) to analyse their enjoyment, and the Multidimensional Sportsmanship Orientations Scale (MSOS) to analyse sportsmanship. Results showed significant differences in enjoyment when applying both the hybrid model (SEM+TGfU) and the PSRM model (p < .01). It is concluded that both interventions with the hybrid model and the PSRM generate positive effects on students’ enjoyment. Resumen. La aplicación de modelos pedagógicos puede tener efectos positivos sobre la deportividad y la diversión del alumnado en la clases de Educación Física (EF). El objeto de estudio se basó en comparar la influencia de la aplicación de una hibridación del Modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED) y el Modelo Comprensivo (TGfU), y del Modelo de Responsabilidad Personal y Social (MRPS), sobre la deportividad y la diversión. Para ello, participaron un total de 85 estudiantes, 39 chicas (46%) y 46 chicos (54%), de edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 17 años (16.42 ± 0.50). Los participantes de dos grupos de 4º ESO y dos de 1º BACH, cumplimentaron dos cuestionarios al inicio y al final de la unidad formativa. La versión final española del cuestionario SSI adaptado a la EF (SSI-EF) para analizar la diversión, y la versión española de la Escala Multidimensional de Orientaciones a la Deportividad Multidimensional (MSOS) para analizar la deportividad. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en la diversión percibida al aplicar tanto el modelo híbrido como el MRPS (p < .01). Se concluye afirmando que tanto la intervención a través de un modelo híbrido (MED + TGfU) y mediante el MRPS, genera efectos positivos sobre la diversión del alumnado.

Responsibilities for Climate Damage within Borders: Reconciling Liability with Shared Responsibility

The literature on climate justice has primarily focused on distributing the benefits and burdens of climate change, particularly those related to the costs of mitigation and adaptation. As such, less attention has been paid to emerging political issues surrounding loss and damage caused by the failure of mitigation and adaptation. This paper aims to fill this gap through discussions on reparative justice, which is correlated with the concept of liability. Since the concept of liability has controversial implications in climate politics and theory, investigating reparative justice for climate damage must clarify how the concept of liability can reconcile with the normative theory of political responsibility. This paper begins with the question of how the distributive justice scheme fails to discuss climate damage, by arguing that the scheme does not necessarily recognise a prior injustice and misses the need for reparation for the extensive scope of climate loss and damage. Then, it shows that the concept of reparation, which differs from compensation, holds more promise in giving the proper due for climate loss and damage. Finally, after comparing the liability model and the shared responsibility model proposed by Iris Young, this paper concludes by proposing that the hybrid model of liability and shared responsibility can be used to avoid limitations of the concept of liability.