Blockchain in the Biopharmaceutical Industry

Biopharmaceutical companies and health authorities continuously exchange information to provide safe and effective therapeutics. The interactions between the two require transparency and extensive documentation exchange concerning the processes which extend from the development through the manufacturing phase. The current processes rely on paper documentation, notebooks, and point-to-point electronic data interchange (EDI) for the storage of data. Thereby, generating challenges of data integrity within the internal siloed structures and the traceability of the medicinal products in the pursuit to avoid counterfeiting. With Industry 4.0 and blockchain, the authors envisioned a reinvented workflow that helps to 1) manage data integrity with decentralized trust and 2) improve the track and trace capabilities. Hence, biopharmaceutical companies can manage data in a more trustable manner while maintaining security and privacy, further enabling the external ecosystem with track and trace to ensure complete transparency until the therapeutics reach patients.

Evaluation of Documentation System in Iraqi Construction Projects

In Iraq, the construction industry is considered one of the main sectors that contribute strongly to the Iraqi economy. Documentation is a process of collecting documents from past and current works of corporations, then archiving and classification of information to become easy and useful for reuse in the future. The aim of this study is to investigate the reality of documentation in the Iraqi construction industry and how to improve archiving and classification of documents and how documentation can be useful used in contractor and consultant corporations. This research has been conducted through literature reviews followed by a field survey. 80 questionnaires were distributed to contractors and engineering offices. 70 useful questionnaires were received from respondents with an 87% response rate. The findings indicated that the construction projects in the Diyala governorate are applying documentation. The study found that foundations classified and updating the documents as printed and written files and computer files, but foundations lack computer programs and web models for easy archiving and discovery of documents, documentation system currently used doesn't prevent Confusing, conflict in schemas because they still used Auto CAD and paper documentation. The large number and accumulation of paper documents are also considered the most often problem in the documentation system currently used, and construction projects don't have a database for all information related to projects where, it is limited to cabinets full of paper documents, which causes a waste of time and effort when searching for any document or information related to the projects. The study recommended that companies and foundations have to increase cost and effort consumed in the documentation process, improve the owner and staff abilities in computer and web applications, assign a key person for collection and archiving project documents, establishing an internet website for companies, or using cloud applications for storage of documents and sharing information.

396 A 6-Month Audit of Initial Diabetic Foot Assessment and Documentation for Patients Undergoing Major Lower Limb Amputations in An Orthopaedics Ward

Aim To determine if adequate diabetic foot assessment and documentation were done at the Orthopaedics ward for patients undergoing a below-knee amputation (BKA) or above-knee amputation (AKA). Method Retrospective data from August 2019 to January 2020 were taken from paper documentation and e-records from the Orthopaedics ward and operation theatre. Diabetic foot assessments were based on the ASEANPlus guidelines for diabetic foot wounds which included foot inspection (for dermatological or musculoskeletal abnormalities), vascular (palpation of dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses, ABSI measurement) and neurological assessments (testing of sensation and ankle reflexes). The assessments were deemed “adequate” or “inadequate” based on the information found on documentation. Results Only 67/81 data pieces were available for analysis (AKA=26, BKA=41), with an average age of 60 years. Inspection of the foot was most adequately assessed and documented (100%), followed by vascular and neurological assessment. For vascular assessment, palpation of pulses was done in 94% cases, and ABSI was performed in 76%. For neurological assessment, assessment of sensation was performed in 55%, while ankle reflexes were only assessed and documented in 25% cases. Conclusions Overall, the local practice had poor documentation of diabetic foot assessment, especially in vascular and neurological assessments. Possible reasons for poor practice include lack of guidance for incoming junior doctors starting their Orthopaedics rotation, and subsequently, the lack of skills and confidence in performing said assessments. Measures that could be done to improve the quality of practice include teaching key examinations to junior staff and having closer monitoring of notes documentation during ward rounds.

Traceability to ensure food safety and consumer protection as typified by case studies of three meat processing plants

Ensuring food safety is a legal obligation of the manufacturer or of the entity that places the product on sale. Traceability is one of the tools that are used to ensure food safety. It allows the withdrawal of a dangerous or non-compliant product from the market and determines the source of a threat. The aim of the study was to compare the functioning and effectiveness of traceability systems in selected approved meat industry plants. The system functioning in a large meat processing plant, in which the circulation of documents was implemented in a computer system, was compared with two smaller ones, in which paper documentation was carried out, but supported by a computer system. In these plants, the traceability system was based on internal procedures. Properly developed traceability procedures and simulations support and enable response in a crisis. Computer systems streamline and facilitate the traceability process. However, the comparative analysis showed that the use of paper records allowed for efficient identification of the source of the threat. The possibility of performing product traceability was confirmed in these plants. Internal markings and codes and documentation flow, staff training, and awareness proved helpful.

Audit of documentation of observations on mental health services for older people (MHSOP) wards following implementation of nervecentre

AimsNervecentre is an application that can be used on mobile devices and desktop computers to record and view physical observations amongst other tools. An audit had been done previously assessing the practice of recording observations using paper documentation. That audit had recommended the use of Nervecentre to improve the recording of observations. This audit was undertaken following the introduction of Nervecentre for documentation of physical observations. The aims were to evaluate if the transition to electronic documentation of NEWS (National Early Warning Score) observations on Nervecentre has improved practice in comparison to paper documentation and to evaluate if our practice could be improved by implementing electronic observations for psychiatric observations in addition.MethodData were collected over a 10-day period looking at all the documented observations from all inpatients on the MHSOP wards that met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected on the recording of psychiatric observations (recorded on paper charts) and physical observations (recorded on Nervecentre). The data were collated and analysed. The new data were compared to the original data from prior to the introduction of NerveCentre and the findings were presented at a local meeting.ResultThis audit has highlighted that the documentation of physical observations on MHSOP wards has greatly improved since Nervecentre was introduced. There was an improvement in recording of physical observations in almost all domains measured. NEWS scores were correctly documented 100% of the time compared to 87% previously. Raised NEWS scores were correctly escalated to a senior and reviewed 80% of the time compared to 0% previously. It has also highlighted that the quality of documentation regarding psychiatric observations could be improved as we are not currently meeting local or national guidance.ConclusionThe most likely cause for the improvement in the recording of the physical observations is the implementation of Nervecentre. Nervecentre prompts users when observations are due, removes the risk of calculation errors and allows for observations to be directly escalated. Implementing Nervecentre for psychiatric observations may similarly improve the quality of these observations therefore improving patient safety.

Belated Measures - the Reality of Digital Archaeological Archiving in Poland

Archaeology in Poland, as in any other corner of the world, thrives on the application of digital technologies in fieldwork and subsequent analysis. Unfortunately, legal and administrative solutions have not been responsive enough to keep up with these changes. This article summarises the reality of archaeological digital archiving in Poland, shaped by a legally determined focus on paper documentation and the decentralisation of the state heritage service. The practice of digital archaeological archiving is illustrated by the results of a survey carried out among archaeologists from provincial heritage offices. It has revealed that, while they struggle with a lack of adequate technical measures and skills, they also opt for increasing the significance and proportion of digital archaeological archives and realise what should be done for this Digital Dark Age to end. On a more general level, the existence of digital documentation has already been recognised in laws on archiving and implementation of IT solutions. This article describes the actions taken at a national level to tackle these issues; namely, two state repositories: one for electronic documents and the other for digital resources of science and culture. It also presents current initiatives of the National Institute of Cultural Heritage in this regard.

Civil Proceedings During Quarantine

The article is devoted to the study of issues related to the proceedings in civil court cases during the quarantine period. The importance of ensuring continuous and secure access to justice is obvious to effectively protect violated, unrecognized or disputed rights, freedoms, or interests of individuals, the rights and interests of legal entities, the interests of the state. The article reveals the study of the issue of a person's constitutional right realization to fair judicial protection during a pandemic. Legislation and regulations that contain the main recommendations for courts to administer justice during the quarantine period underwent the analysis. It is substantiated that neither the judicial system nor the guarantees of citizens for judicial protection can be "quarantined" because the main function of the state, even in such conditions, is to ensure the implementation of the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens. It is found out that justice should be not just a form of the judiciary, but an effective tool for protecting rights, freedoms, and interests. The court is the tool that ensures the effectiveness of judicial protection. To overcome the identified gaps, it was concluded that it is necessary to implement all components of electronic litigation, which will make an appeal to court more accessible and understandable, will completely abandon paper documentation in parallel with an electronic one, and in the future will lead to effective civil litigation and timely resolution, within a reasonable period.

DESIGN DOCUMENTATION SHOP-TO-SHOP ROUTING AND ITS STUDY ON TECHNOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS PROCESS MODERNIZATION AS THE STEP OF DIGITALIZATION AT SRC “PROGRESS”

In this paper the existing in PDM-system business-process of design documentation shop-to-shop routing and its study on technological effectiveness at SRC «Progress» is considered. General approach to the organization of dual paper-electronic process at the enterprise is described. This approach allows quick study of design documentation depending on its type (paper or electronic). The analysis of the existing process with definition of its merits and demerits is carried out. Considering analysis results, proposals on process modernization are developed. The project documentation and work plan were prepared. Software is developed for the modernized process. During the tests of process its working capacity was already confirmed and essential decrease in creation time of objects in PDM-system is revealed. As a result this fact will allow to reduce users’ working time. In this particular work the need for the special software is considered, which will automatically translate the existing information objects in PDM-system from old data model to new data model. The direction for business process digitalization and exception of enterprise employees labor costs on paper documentation movement between departments is defined.

Algorithm Directed Troop Medical Care Manual Application for Desktop and Smartphone

ABSTRACT Introduction The U.S. Army medics are often the first responders in the care of sick and injured soldiers on the battlefield, sick call in a Role 2 aid station and garrison clinics. Sick call medics are required to utilize the Algorithm Directed Troop Medical Care (ADTMC) to care for and then render a disposition for these soldiers. The current ADTMC manual is a thick, heavy paper manual. A desktop and smartphone application has been developed that contains the entire ADTMC manual algorithm–based content. Our goal is to enhance the medics’ clinical learning and critical thinking skills while improving their evaluation, disposition, and documentation during patient encounters. Materials and Methods The application was field-tested with the 173rd IBCT (A) while attending a field exercise at Grafenwoehr, Germany. At the unit’s Role 2 tent setup, the use of the paper manual to the utilization of the same material via the ADTMC application was compared by observing the medics’ workflows directly while they were caring for ill and injured soldiers. Results Medics, while examining patients, would demonstrate 50% faster exam time using the application compared to medics using only the manual. Moreover, a 50% decrease in document processing time as a result of digitization of the paper documentation process was confirmed. The application (“app”) enabled the medics to continue their screening assessments and patient disposition duties on a desktop computer or a smartphone without the need to refer to the paper manual. Conclusion Medics, by adopting this tool, will become quicker, more efficient, and develop critical thinking skills. In other words, the ability to objectively evaluate patients in order to form a proper disposition of sick and injured soldiers during training, in the field, as well as in garrison. When utilized properly, the ADTMC application ensures that soldiers reporting to sick call are expeditiously routed to the appropriate level of care, and is a vehicle for further training for medics in the care of soldiers.