Social Sciences and Inequalities in the New Post-COVID-19 “Normal”

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 (either through its direct effects by the disease it causes or the measures taken in an attempt to control its spread) had, and still has, a profound effect at several levels beyond the medical, such as the economic and social, political, scientific, psychological, educational, legal and religious levels, among others. However, studies demonstrate that this influence has not been the same for all due to old inequalities and also the emergence of new inequalities. In this letter to the Editor, the authors discuss some of the contributions of the Social Sciences to the understanding of social inequalities in this new post-COVID-19 “normal” through the mobilization of relevant literature and also their experience in analysing COVID-19 with the eyes of the Social Sciences, notwithstanding their plurality. The results of this analysis allow concluding that the Social Sciences can make a very relevant contribution – in an interdisciplinary way – to the understanding of this phenomenon of the relationship between COVID-19 and inequalities based on socioeconomic factors with the aim of increasing social cohesion and social justice. Received: 4 October 2021 / Accepted: 11 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

هدايات السنة المحمدية المصطفوية مع ذوي الإعاقة البصرية

This study deals with the observance of the Sunnah of the blind with special needs as a model.This research aims to show the Sunnah's interest in the blind through his psychological educational social and legislative support. In this study the researcher followed the inductive analytical method and the results of the study showed the mercy of the Prophet (PBUH) with special needs and providing various kinds of support whether psychological educational or social or legislative. ملخص البحث تمحورت هذه المقالة حول هدايات السنة المحمدية المصطفوية مع ذوي الإعاقة البصرية، حيث هدف هذا البحث إلى بيان اهتمام السنة النبوية بذوي الإعاقة البصرية من خلال دعمهم نفسيا وتعليميا واجتماعيا وتشريعيا، وأكدت الدراسة على ضرورة رعايتهم، بل وكان للنبي ﷺ منهجا فريدا في التعامل معهم، في الوقت الذي لم تعرف فيه الشعوب ولا الأنظمة الوضعية أية حقوق لهذه الفئة، وقد اتبع الباحثان في هذه الدراسة المنهج الاستنباطي التحليلي، وكان أن أظهرت نتائج الدراسة رحمة النبي ﷺ بذوي الإعاقة البصرية، وتقديم الدعم بأنواعه المختلفة لهم، سواء النفسي، أو التعليمي، أو الاجتماعي، أو التشريعي

Split-Second Unlearning: Developing a Theory of Psychophysiological Dis-ease

Psychophysiological “stress” underpins many conditions including anxiety, depression, phobias, chronic fatigue syndrome and non-specific musculoskeletal pain such as fibromyalgia. In this article we develop an understanding of chronic psychophysiological stress from a psychological educational perspective, by drawing on supporting evidence that significant emotional events in early life (traumatic and benign) can influence health and well-being later in life. We suggest that traumatic events instigate psychophysiological “stress” responses and the formation of emotional memory images (EMIs) within very short time frames, i.e., “split-second learning.” Once formed these emotional memories are triggered in daily living “re-playing” psychophysiological stress responses, resulting in chronic psychophysiological “dis-ease.” We describe a novel therapeutic approach to scan clients for mannerisms signifying a subconscious “freeze-like” stress response that involves the client as a curious observer within their own experience, feeding back the non-verbal cues as they arrive in the moment. By breaking down the observable fragments of their split-second Pavlovian response to the trigger, clients can detach their EMI from the psychophysiology stress response, i.e., “split-second unlearning.” Our split-second unlearning model recognizes the EMI as a barrier to moving forward and needs to be unlearned before the client can become naturally adaptive again. We argue that this approach places the client at the center of the work without the need of getting bogged down in a life-long narrative.

Semiotics of mental illness. General psychopathology

The methodology and systematics of the diagnostic process in psychiatry are given, information is given about psychopathological symptoms and dynamics of the main productive and negative syndromes, including addictive, as well as the most significant forms of norm and pathology of personality. The leading features of clinical and psychopathological research in general psychopathology are substantiated. The section "Symptomatology" reveals the psychological and clinical features of the main mental processes. The section "Syndromology" describes the clinical features of the main positive and negative syndromes, their features in children and adolescents. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for psychiatrists, psychiatrists, narcologists, psychotherapists, clinical psychologists undergoing pre- and postgraduate training, students of higher medical and psychological educational institutions, interns, clinical residents, graduate students and doctors of related disciplines.

Konsep Kurikulum Pendidikan dalam Perspektif Az-Zarnûjî

This paper discusses the existence of the educational curriculum as a thought of al-Imam Buhan al-Islam az-Zarnûjî in the book Ta'lîm al-Muta'allim Tharîq at-Ta'allum. The focus of this paper examines the description of the concept and the steps that should be taken by educators and students in learning. This writing method is the historical method. While the approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach with the type of research Library Research (library research) which seeks to describe a variable in the form of symptoms or conditions according to what is in primary and secondary data sources. The results of research on the book Ta'lîm al-Muta'allim Tharîq at-Ta'allum by az-Zarnûjî which outlines 13 chapters, essentially discusses knowledge and acquires it based on strict religious ethics with the involvement of teachers, fellow students and their environment. The thought of az-Zarnûjî will bring up the characteristics of an educational curriculum that prioritizes religious ethics (allogical) with learning techniques that are socio-cultural and psychological-educational.

A Sociocultural Approach to Children’s Visual Creations

This chapter locates the book within the research on children’s art. It explores interpretations of children’s visual creations throughout the twentieth century and situates the approach of the book within the research landscape. The authors take developmental psychological, educational, and aesthetic approaches to form a sociocultural view of children’s art, challenging many of the previous research assumptions. Through adopting the paradigm of the sociocultural approach, the authors embrace its view of children as competent cultural actors and active participants in cultural production. Thus, the discussion focuses on meaning-making: the authors analyze visual artifacts made by students to understand how they engage with the idea of the difference.

The impact of distancing upon the organizational-legal means of the Russian judicial system

This article examines the impact of the need for maintaining physical and social distancing between people caused by the epidemiological situation upon the organizational-legal means of the Russian judicial system. This implies the concept of “smart” regulation with the use of both traditional means of legal regulation (prohibitions, permits, obligations, sanctions, incentives) and tools of psychological, educational, and information influence. At the same time, distancing is viewed as a factor that prompts changes in the forms of legal activity, as well as the result of transformations taking place in society. Such organizational-legal means affected by the need for physical and social distancing, suggest using video conferencing systems, online sessions, change in the procedure for submitting procedural and other documents, familiarization with audio protocols of court hearing and other documents in digital format, as well as restrictions for presence in the courthouse. The author determines the advantages and disadvantages of the innovations. The conclusion is made that such restrictions must be temporary only to avoid violating the principles of transparency and openness of judicial proceedings.

The main means of ensuring a sentence execution in the form of restriction of liberty

Currently, the Republic of Uzbekistan is actively implementing reforms of the penal legislation and the Penal system. Their main tendency is to abandon the previously dominant opinion about the possibility of reducing crime by toughening penalties and to choose a course for strengthening and developing legal norms that promote greater individualization and differentiation of criminal responsibility. However, we have to admit that the current system of punishments does not have measures that can achieve the goal of correcting convicted persons without elements of isolation from society, but under the supervision of competent law enforcement agencies. The relatively rare use of the restriction of liberty, in the author's opinion, is explained by the insufficient development of the mechanism for its implementation, in particular, the means of ensuring its execution. The execution of a sentence in the form of restriction of liberty is ensured by a whole system of means that are closely interrelated. Conditionally, such means can be divided into two main groups: control-supervisory and psychological-educational means. Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the following conclusions. The enforcing means of liberty restriction are designed to create a reliable legal guarantee of the implementation of the principle of punishment inevitability and the fullest possible realization of the goals of punishment. Currently, there is no practice in Uzbekistan of using electronic means of control and supervision of persons sentenced to restriction of liberty. At the same time, only the implementation of the electronic tracking tools specified in the legislation for the control and supervision of persons sentenced to restriction of liberty, the definition of a specific order and methods of surveillance can affect the development of positive experience in the use of electronic bracelets in the Republic of Uzbekistan. A special category of persons sentenced to restriction of liberty is juveniles. When conducting educational work with them, it is necessary to take into account the factors that affect their behavior. In this regard, it is proposed to create a public organization consisting of juveniles at the age of 14 to 18 years, located at the inspection of the sentences execution of the internal affairs bodies and conducting educational activities with juveniles sentenced to restriction of liberty.

ATTITUDES OF HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS TOWARDS DISTANCE-DIRECTED LEARNING AMID (COVID-19) PANDEMIC

The study aims to reveal the attitudes of Sohar University students toward distance-learning on the spread pandemic (Covid-19). It also identifies the differences in the attitudes of Sohar University students towards distance-learning according to the gender variable, network type, and network strength. The study consists of (200) participants; (100) males and (100) females. A questionnaire was applied on the attitudes of Sohar University students towards distance-learning which included (40) items, distributed in three dimensions: The first dimension is about the methods of teaching in distance-learning, and the second one deals with the process of interaction and communication in distance-learning, while the third one pertains to the process of evaluation used in distance-learning. The results of the study indicated that the attitudes of the participants were moderate towards distance-learning on the spread Corona pandemic (Covid-19). In addition, the existence of statistically significant differences between the level of higher education students ’attitudes towards distance-oriented learning on the spread Corona pandemic (Covid-19) according to the gender variable in all axes in favor of males, the type and strength of the network. Also, the lack of statistically significant differences between the level of higher education students’ attitudes towards learning Remotely during Corona pandemic based on the GPA variable in all axes, and the school year. The study recommended the necessity of providing individual students with social, psychological, educational and technological skills that enhance positive feelings towards remote learning, and achieving their technological, social and psychological presence and interaction on the spread Corona pandemic (Covid-19) using modern electronic technologies.