Experiences of violence in daily life among adults in California: a population-representative survey

Background Research on violence exposure emphasizes discrete acute events such as direct and witnessed victimization. Little is known about the broad range of experiences of violence (EVs) in daily life. This study assesses the prevalence and patterns of distribution of 6 EVs in an adult general population. Methods California state-representative survey administered online (English and Spanish), July 14–27, 2020. Adult (age ≥ 18 years) California resident members of the Ipsos KnowledgePanel were eligible to participate. Two EVs concerned community environments: (1) the occurrence of gunshots and shootings in the neighborhood and (2) encounters with sidewalk memorials where violent deaths occurred. Four concerned social networks: direct personal knowledge of individuals who (1) had purposefully been shot by someone else or (2) had purposefully shot themselves, and direct personal knowledge of individuals whom respondents perceived to be at risk of violence, either (3) to another person or (4) to themselves. Main outcome measures, expressed as weighted percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were the prevalence and extent (or dose) of each EV and of EVs in combination and associations between EVs and respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics and firearm ownership status. Results Of 2870 respondents (57% completion rate), 52.3% (95% CI 49.5–55.0%) were female; mean [SD] age was 47.9 [16.9] years. Nearly two-thirds (64.6%, 95% CI 61.9–67.3%) reported at least 1 EV; 11.4% (95% CI 9.7–13.2%) reported 3 or more. Gender was not associated with the prevalence of any experience. Non-owners of firearms who lived with owners reported more extensive EVs through social networks than did firearm owners or non-owners in households without firearms. Knowledge of people who had been shot by others was most common among Black respondents, 31.0% (95% CI 20.9–43.3%) of whom knew 2 or more such persons. Knowledge of people who had shot themselves was greatest among respondents aged ≥ 60 years, but knowledge of persons perceived to be at risk of violence to themselves was greatest among respondents aged 18–29 years. Conclusions and relevance Experiences of violence in daily life are widespread. They occur in sociodemographic patterns that differ from those for direct victimization and suggest new opportunities for research and intervention.

A Study of Our Knowledge of Persons with Special Reference to the Work of Dr. Martin Buber

<p>The field of philosophy is wide and varied, and often appears to be remote from the common life of men. Yet this remoteness is only superficial for the problems with which philosophy deals arise in the first instance from questions which occur to the man in the street, though he may not pursue them systematically. He cannot avoid meeting them, though he may avoid trying to answer them. What is the meaning of life? What is the meaning of the universe? Is the ordering of nature, of society of the individual organism quite fortuitous or according to some unwritten law? How do we know other people and objects? What is the nature of God? That these questions are dependent upon human reflection is not hard to see. They arise out of reflection, and they depend to a greater or less degree upon reflection for their answer. But we may go further and question reflection itself: What is the nature of reflection? What is its subject matter? Is reflection reliable? In other words, “How do we know?” The examination of this question constitutes that aspect of philosophy known as “Epistemology”, and upon the answer to that question the fate of philosophy depends to a great extent.</p>

A Study of Our Knowledge of Persons with Special Reference to the Work of Dr. Martin Buber

<p>The field of philosophy is wide and varied, and often appears to be remote from the common life of men. Yet this remoteness is only superficial for the problems with which philosophy deals arise in the first instance from questions which occur to the man in the street, though he may not pursue them systematically. He cannot avoid meeting them, though he may avoid trying to answer them. What is the meaning of life? What is the meaning of the universe? Is the ordering of nature, of society of the individual organism quite fortuitous or according to some unwritten law? How do we know other people and objects? What is the nature of God? That these questions are dependent upon human reflection is not hard to see. They arise out of reflection, and they depend to a greater or less degree upon reflection for their answer. But we may go further and question reflection itself: What is the nature of reflection? What is its subject matter? Is reflection reliable? In other words, “How do we know?” The examination of this question constitutes that aspect of philosophy known as “Epistemology”, and upon the answer to that question the fate of philosophy depends to a great extent.</p>

Theology and the Knowledge of Persons

The aim of the paper is to discern between philosophy and theology. A philosopher is looking after impersonal wisdom, a theologian searches for a personal God. This differentiation is fundamental because knowledge of persons differs from knowledge that. The author shows how taking into account the fact that theology is based on the second-person knowledge changes the way one should approach the hiddenness argument. * The paper was originally published in: Fiona Ellis (ed.), New Models of Religious Understanding (Oxford: OUP, 2017), 172–90. Reprinted by the permission of the Author.

Respect for Religiosity: Review of Faith Integration in Health and Wellbeing Interventions with Muslim Minorities

Integration of religion in community health and wellbeing interventions is important for achieving a good life among faith-based populations. In countries hosting Muslim-minorities, however, relatively little is reported in academic literature on processes of faith integration in the development and delivery of interventions. We undertook a review of peer reviewed literature on health and wellbeing interventions with Muslim-minorities, with specific interest on how Islamic principles were incorporated. Major databases were systematically searched and PRISMA guidelines applied in the selection of eligible studies. Twenty-one journal articles met the inclusion criteria. These were coded and analyzed thematically. Study characteristics and themes of religiosity are reported in this review, including the religious tailoring of interventions, content co-creation and delivery design based on the teachings from the Quran and Sunnah, and applicability of intervention structures. We reviewed the philosophical and structural elements echoing the Quran and Islamic principles in the intervention content reported. However, most studies identified that the needs of Muslim communities were often overlooked or compromised. This may be due to levels of religio-cultural knowledge of persons facilitating community health and wellbeing interventions. Our review emphasizes the importance of intellectual apparatus when working in diverse communities, effective communication-strategies, and community consultations when designing interventions with Muslim-minority communities.

How Perception use of e-Filling Technology Enhance Knowledge of Indonesian Disability Taxpayers and Impact Tax Compliance

Taxes are a source of state revenue used to finance government spending and development. One of the taxes that the government imposes on its people is income tax including income from dissability. Referring to the large number of persons with disabilities in Indonesia, indeed there should be no difference in the treatment of the fulfillment of rights between normal people and disabilities. Philosophically and constitutionally, based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, every citizen has a chance which is equally good in terms of work, accessing public facilities, get a decent life and livelihood, and so on. This is emphasized for the fulfillment of the rights of disabilities. Innovation of online accessibility for public services is one solution for disabilities taxpayers in Indonesia. SPT reporting via djponline one of them. The presence of efilling intended for makes disability taxpayers easier to participate in carrying out their tax obligations as citizens, but there is contrast in the field often taxpayers with special needs have not felt much benefit from the existence of this technology, for this reason the researcher decides to examine whether e-filling can affect the increase in taxpayer knowledge among disabilities, 85 samples taken from disabilities SMes in Bandung West Java, The data is processed using the partial least square method and using a quantitative approach, result shown as much as 58.47% the existence of e-Filling enchance the tax knowledge of persons with disabilities and non significance impact the tax compliance, they argue that all it needs is advanced technology on a disability-friendly website..

Training Course Framework Directed towards Persons who Stutter: Concepts and Reflections with Particular Reference to Saudi Arabia

Speech fluency disorder is a common problem among children across the world, though majority of stutters recover either spontaneously or with appropriate interventions including speech therapy and related knowledge and awareness upsurge. This paper describes a skeleton of a new training course intended for the teaching of different perspectives of speech fluency disorder (stuttering) leading to enhancement of knowledge of persons who stutter. Evidently, it is mandatory to develop a comprehensive course before any training course is directed towards adults who have speech fluency disorder. For this purpose, our team discussed iteratively various methods and processes used in the construction of an effective training course framework. As a result, the concise needed short course should have a course framework and a distinctive rationale and justification with aims and specific objectives, important contents, teaching methods, proper evaluation, available digital infrastructure resources and a well-defined suitable time framework. The authors recommend that the semi-theoretical construction of the training course for advancing the knowledge of persons who stutter that is linked with improvement in SFD could be utilized in Saudi Arabia or possibly other Gulf countries with or without modifications.

An Evaluation of Dementia Dialogues®: A Program for Informal and Formal Caregivers in North and South Carolina

In 2019, the University of South Carolina’s Office for the Study of Aging (OSA) remodeled the curriculum for the nationally registered Dementia Dialogues® program that delivers high-quality education to formal and informal caregivers of persons who exhibit signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). This study evaluated new knowledge acquired and program satisfaction by North and South Carolina program participants ( N = 235) after completing updated modules. Pre/post module survey data were analyzed using means and percentiles, McNemar’s test, and paired t tests. Results demonstrated significant positive increases in caregiver knowledge attainment, with differences in overall knowledge change in specific modules among caregivers and noncaregivers ( p < .0001–<.05). Dementia Dialogues® may serve as a useful tool in providing important information that increases caregiver knowledge of persons living with ADRD. Further research is recommended to examine how knowledge improvement translates into caregiving practices.

Demographic factors, attitude and knowledge of persons with special needs towards COVID-19 in Nigeria: Implications for counselling and social policy

This study investigated demographic factors, attitude and knowledge of persons with special needs towards COVID-19 in Nigeria between 12 th and 25 th May, 2020. This cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 72 persons with special needs purposively selected from the six geo-political zones in Nigeria. A questionnaire comprising questions on demographic information (three), knowledge (24) and attitude (28) towards COVID-19 was completed via Google forms by the participants (r = 0.78). There were more males (51, 70.8%) than females (21, 29.2%) and the most common age group was 34-44 years (37.5%). The number of participants with a hearing impairment was 34 (47.2%) and the number with a visual impairment was 26 (36.1%). The results indicate adequate knowledge about the characteristics of COVID-19. It was found that 98.6% of the participants had heard about COVID-19; 94.4% were aware that COVID-19 is a contagious disease, 91.7% stated that COVID-19 is a virus and 88.9% reported correctly that the incubation period is 3-14 days. The knowledge about symptoms of COVID-19 among participants was high (x = 2.63; participants obtained 87.8% of the total achievable score for these questions). The knowledge about prevention and control of COVID-19 among participants needs was very high (x = 2.77; participants obtained 92.3% of the total achievable score for these questions). Attitude of participants towards the COVID-19 outbreak was positive and above average (x = 2.84). However, participants reported that it is hard to get palliatives or financial support from others during COVID-19 lockdown (52.8%) and that they feel frustrated by the uncaring attitude of the government towards them during COVID-19 lockdown (55.6%). On this basis, counselling and social policy implications were suggested including the provision of palliatives by the government and the need for widespread enlightenment among individuals with special needs on prevention of COVID-19.