Daily Living Skills in Adolescent and Young Adult Males With Fragile X Syndrome

By adulthood, most males with fragile X syndrome (FXS) require support to navigate day-to-day settings. The present study cross-sectionally: (1) characterized the profile of daily living skills in males with FXS and (2) examined associated participant characteristics (i.e., fragile X mental retardation protein [FMRP] expression, nonverbal cognition, language, autism symptomatology, and anxiety symptomatology) using the Waisman-Activities of Daily Living questionnaire. Males with FXS (n = 57, ages 15–23 years) needed more help/support in the areas of domestic and community daily livings skills, than in the area of personal daily living skills. Significant associations were observed between reduced daily living skills and lower nonverbal cognition, receptive language, expressive language, and increased autism symptomatology. Receptive language emerged as the strongest unique predictor of daily living skill performance.

Prediction of Self-Control Based on Cognitive Intelligence and Socio-Emotional Behavior Assessments in Early Childhood

Purpose: The infrastructure core of self-control, as an indicator of future success, is unsettled. To better investigate the nature of self-control, and strengthening it, it is necessary to know to what extent is self-control based on cognitive or socio-emotional abilities? Materials and Methods: The authors measured the cognitive intelligence and socio-emotional behavior of 377 healthy Iranian children (girl=46.1%) by Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III) and Kindergarten Inventory of Social-Emotional Tendencies (KIST) at the age range of 42-66 months (mean=54.86, SD=5.88). Then, they assessed their Self-control competency 18 months later, to know which component of WPPSI or KIST could better predict Self-control. Results:.The correlation matrix between all study variables shows that there are more positive significant correlations among Self-control with KIST subsets (5/6) than WPPSI subsets (2/10). The results of automatic linear modelling show that the significant predictors of self-control in the total model (R2=0.161) were Hyperactivity-Maladaptive Behavior (HMB(, (coefficient=.137, importance=0.781), and Daily Living Skills (DLS) (coefficient=.127, importance=0.125), so HMB is the best predictor of self-control among the subsets examined in our research. Therefore, self-control is more related to the socio-emotional than cognitive domain. Conclusion: We suggest children who get a low score in socio-emotional assessments, need early supportive intervention and rehabilitation to prevent the maldevelopment of self-control.

Development of a new Robot and Design of a 4Axes Intervention Program

This is an observational study using descriptive methods and following the guidelines of cross-sectional studies. Taking into account that the children’s needs and abilities are continuously changing, the authors proposed robot-based interventions to enhance independent living skills. Social robots as intervention and therapy agents for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders have been around for quite some time and recent technological advances have brought many changes in their potential and therefore, their popularity. In this article the authors present a panda-robot designed for children with ASD describing its physical appearance, giving information about its features and the ways it can be implemented in an intervention program that is structured in four axes. These four axes include activities that aim towards the development of social, communication, and motor skills and also focus on the implementation of relief and relaxation techniques for children with ASD. Essential guidelines and instructions, as well as certain points of attention, are also discussed.

A scoping review of occupational therapy interventions in the treatment of people with substance use disorders

Purpose Diagnosis of substance use disorders and addictive behaviours are growing worldwide. It is timely to examine and collate literature on the nature of occupational therapy intervention in this field, to increase understanding of current practice and inform future directions. The purpose of this paper is to source and synthesise literature on occupational therapy interventions used in the treatment of people experiencing addiction. Design/methodology/approach Four databases were searched in August 2019. A total of 597 titles were screened, and 18 studies with varying methods met inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis of the included literature was arranged into themes to summarise key findings. Findings Findings were grouped into three themes about occupational therapy provision to people experiencing addiction: single occupation focused intervention; skills training (including sub-themes on daily living skills and vocational skills); and establishing a community-based sober routine. Research limitations/implications Further research on this topic should focus on efficacy of treatments and build on current findings to develop more rigorous research with appropriate sample sizes to support evidence-based practice. Originality/value This study presents a synthesis of how occupational therapy interventions have been used to treat people experiencing addiction issues. Findings indicate occupational therapy appears to fit well within addiction treatment and assert that occupational therapy is most supportive when interventions go beyond the teaching of skills alone to prioritise occupational engagement and client centred practice.

Choosing Performance-Based Outcome Measures of Daily Living Skills and Socialization for Clinical Trials in Autistic Children

Importance: Robust and psychometrically sound performance-based outcome measures are needed for clinical trials of occupational therapy interventions for children with autism. Objective: To demonstrate a systematic approach for choosing psychometrically sound performance-based outcome measures of daily living skills and socialization for use in clinical trials of occupational therapy interventions for children with autism. Design: Rapid literature review to identify appropriate measures for studies with this population followed by quality indicator ratings and a nominal group process. Setting: University. Participants: Four experts in autism and pediatric outcome measurement. Outcomes and Measures: Twenty-one outcome measures of daily living skills and socialization were identified and reviewed. Results: Seven measures met the inclusion criteria. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills and the Evaluation of Social Interaction–Second Edition, received the highest ratings and group consensus. Several other measures were also scored highly. Conclusions and Relevance: Careful assessment of psychometric properties is an important component of choosing outcome measures for a clinical trial, but burden of assessment and study objectives are important considerations. What This Article Adds: This project demonstrates use of a systematic process for choosing outcome measures for a planned clinical trial.

Adaptive Behavior of College Students With Autism

As an increasing number of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) matriculate on college campuses, all stakeholders should be prepared to meet their needs. Despite a body of literature describing adaptive behavior deficits of those with ASD, there is a paucity of research examining these skills among those who are college-ready. The present study investigated the adaptive behavior of a diverse group ( N = 27) of incoming college students with ASD and examined to what extent these skills could predict initial academic success. Despite average intelligence and good academic indicators, deficits in communication, socialization, and daily living skills were found. No models, even those which included intelligence quotient (IQ) and SAT scores, were predictive of first-semester or first-year grade point average (GPA). Importantly, freshman-to-sophomore retention appeared higher than the university average. Findings suggest that practitioners and families should consider adaptive behavior in addition to intellectual and academic capabilities when considering postsecondary opportunities and available supports.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Suicide in Iran: Panel Data Study

Background: A set of experiences that leads to the destruction of individual’s self-esteem are the main causes of suicide. Socioeconomic factors can be reasons for this event. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of socioeconomic variables on suicide. Methods: A panel data model was used to investigate the impact of socioeconomic indexes on the number of suicides in each province of Iran from 2001-2016. The data of socioeconomic variables were obtained from the statistical center of Iran, and data for the number of suicides in each province were obtained from the forensic science department. The analysis was conducted using estimated generalized least squares method by EViews version 8. Results: The lowest and highest number of suicides was in 2001 (4.97 per 100,000 populations) and 2004 (5.97 per 100,000 populations), respectively and the average rate of suicide from 2001 to 2013 was 1.01 also unemployment, divorce, and industrialization rates have high impact on suicides for both sexes in P<0.05. Conclusion: Living skills training should be provided to the members of the societies as a short-term plan and in the long-term, improving the economic condition of people should be conduct to reduce the number of suicides.

A Clinical Case Report on Mitral Stenosis with Mental Retardation with Anemia with Sepsis

Introduction: Mitral stenosis (MS) may be a variety of valvular heart disease. Mitral stenosis is characterized by a narrowing of the mitral valve's orifice. Rheumatic fever is the most common cause of mitral stenosis today, yet the stenosis may appear clinically important just once in a lifetime [1]. Intellectual disability, with a prevalence of approximately 1 chronicle, may be a lifelong neurodevelopment disorder that impacts international cognitive talents and function perform or daily living skills [2]. Clinical Findings: Breathlessness, weakness, high blood pressure, pulmonary thrombus, anemia, disability to talk, face discoloration, not proper communication, weight loss. Diagnostic Evaluation: Blood investigation Hb -9.1gm,mch-82.3fl,mch-29.6piegon,mchc-36%, Total RBC count-5.31million/cu.mm RDW- 12.7% ,hct 35%, Total WBC count- 13,300cu.mm ,monocytes -4%, Granulocytes- 85%, Lymphocytes -10%, Esonophils-1%,Basophilis -0% , Total platelets conut-11.3, cu. mm. Urea 32mg/dl, creatinine-0.9mg/dl,sodium-131mmol/dl , potassium 5.1 mmol/L. Despite the fact that the patient was not diabetic, the random blood sugar test revealed a level of 160 mg/dL. RBC increase, 2D echo impression thrombus present in heart, Intellectual disabilities present, high blood pressure, urine albumin present, Therapeutic Intervention: Blood transfusion, and medical treatment. Conclusion: 48 years old female was admitted to medicine ICU diagnosed with the case of mitral stenosis with mental retardation with anemia with sepsis and she had complained of Breathlessness, weakness, high blood pressure, pulmonary embolism, anemia, disability to talk, face discoloration, not proper communication, weight loss. patient show great improvement after getting the treatment and the treatment was still going on still my last date of care. The patient and her family underwent psychological stress, which was resolved to an extent by being an active listener and providing proper counseling.