Free transport for convex potentials

We construct non-commutative analogs of transport maps among free Gibbs state satisfying a certain convexity condition. Unlike previous constructions, our approach is non-perturbative in nature and thus can be used to construct transport maps between free Gibbs states associated to potentials which are far from quadratic, i.e., states which are far from the semicircle law. An essential technical ingredient in our approach is the extension of free stochastic analysis to non-commutative spaces of functions based on the Haagerup tensor product.

TRENDS OF DIVERSIFICATION OF POWER CARRIERS OF MACHINE UNITS

From the point of view of environmental protection, the development of vehicles and their drives is determined in the future by the constant tightening of exhaust gas requirements. In addition, measures to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are increasingly influencing the concept of vehicle and drive optimization. Since most of the world's energy consumption is taken by transport, mainly cars, manufacturers are often faced with the need to develop and implement new, increasingly energy efficient and environmentally friendly energy methods - for example, the use of unconventional fuels, including: alcohol fuels (ethanol and methanol), biodiesel, Fischer's fluid -Tropsch, hydrogen fuel. So, the long-term guaranteed supply of transport energy, together with sound fuel management, ensures the medium and long-term diversification of energy for its production, especially, including alternative and renewable energy. Much has happened over the past decade, although policy goals remain unchanged for many countries improving energy security and limiting greenhouse gas emissions may be more important than ever. And, unprecedentedly, energy use in transportation is at the heart of these issues. New methods are needed to free transport from its persistent dependence on oil and take a new path. But technology has made interesting progress, and this progress will continue in the coming years, creating new opportunities to achieve these goals. Unsurprisingly, interest in biofuels and their production has skyrocketed over the past decade. Global production of total ethanol doubled between 1990 and 2021. In some regions, especially in Europe, the use of biofuels for diesel engines has also increased significantly in recent years. Perhaps most importantly, countries around the world are now seriously considering increasing the production and use of biofuels, and many countries have formulated policies to ensure this growth.

Monitoring the Realisation of the Right to Basic Education: The South African Jurisprudence and Structural-Process-Outcome Indicators

Under international law, the right to education should be available, accessible, acceptable, and adaptable—or comply with the four As. This right is provided for by the South African Constitution and numerous policies. Yet it remains illusory for thousands of South Africans. Against this backdrop, this article seeks to clarify indicators to monitor the implementation of this right. To this end, unpacking the South African jurisprudence on the right to basic education, it relies on the structural-process-outcome indicators model to unveil what needs to be done to secure a tangible enjoyment of the right to basic education. Based on this approach, it finds that the right to basic education is multidimensional and that its constitutive elements include immediate and non-discriminatory access to school buildings; infrastructure; the right to teachers and non-educational staff; the right to enjoy religion, language, and culture; as well as free transport for learners living far from the school. Ultimately, in light of the South African jurisprudence, the structural-process-outcome indicators explain what is effectively expected to operationalise the four As. Lessons gleaned from this approach will enable all stakeholders in South Africa and other parts of Africa to advance the right to basic education.

Flexibility-Enhancing Charging Station to Support the Integration of Electric Vehicles

This paper discusses the Inspiria charging station facility in Norway, which enables various charging point operators to offer different charging systems for different purposes and needs. The charging station can be considered a specific case of a shared economy, as users share the same infrastructure and much of the same space. By utilizing new technology and the differences in charging needs in an innovative way, the power requirements for charging can be controlled and the severity of high-load periods can be reduced—both within the charging station’s system and outside it. Using historical traffic data from the Inspiria charging station’s area and Monte Carlo simulations, this study investigated the impact of charging on the grid—both in the current period and in the future. Attention was paid to the impact associated with the usage of superfast chargers. The possibility of containing grid disturbances through utilization of local flexibility was investigated. Finally, we investigated the benefits that the charging station model brings to charging point operators and car owners. The research reported provides support for ambitions for accelerated roll-out and increased density of cost-effective charging points, the wider implication of which concerns the transition to fossil-free transport and the utilization of locally generated, renewable energy.

Topological protection versus degree of entanglement of two-photon light in photonic topological insulators

Topological insulators combine insulating properties in the bulk with scattering-free transport along edges, supporting dissipationless unidirectional energy and information flow even in the presence of defects and disorder. The feasibility of engineering quantum Hamiltonians with photonic tools, combined with the availability of entangled photons, raises the intriguing possibility of employing topologically protected entangled states in optical quantum computing and information processing. However, while two-photon states built as a product of two topologically protected single-photon states inherit full protection from their single-photon “parents”, a high degree of non-separability may lead to rapid deterioration of the two-photon states after propagation through disorder. In this work, we identify physical mechanisms which contribute to the vulnerability of entangled states in topological photonic lattices. Further, we show that in order to maximize entanglement without sacrificing topological protection, the joint spectral correlation map of two-photon states must fit inside a well-defined topological window of protection.

Train Accident In Bangladesh

The success of a public transport organisation like the railway depends largely upon the standard of safety and efficiency of the service rendered by it. The lack of public faith in its ability to operate without endangering the life and property of the users may underlnine the financial viability of the organisation. There is no accident-free transport system. However, an accident has more consequences for the railway system than for other modes of transport. This is because railway accidents have a two-fold effect, namely, loss of life and property and an adverse effect on traffic lnobility as it takes time to clear the railway track and malce it fit for further train movement.

The impact effect of underground trains in motion analyzed together with other factors contributing to the stress-strain state arising along the tunnel lining boundary

Introduction. Urban expansion and compaction of urban environments trigger the need for delay-free transport communications between urban districts. An underground railway is a modern means of transport, whose construction and operation are feasible below the ground surface. However, it is a source of vibrations that negatively affect human comfort and high-tech production processes. Train speed, weight, wheel and rail defects, the geological structure of the site, subway route construction conditions, the remoteness of measuring equipment installation points are the main factors that influence the intensity of vibrations of the ground surface or building structures. The effect, produced by moving subway trains on the tunnel lining, as well as the wheel-rail junction interface are analyzed in this work. Materials and methods. The problem of stresses, triggered by underground trains along the boundary of the tunnel lining, can be reduced to the well-known problem of a beam on an elastic foundation. MathCAD software package was used to obtain the analytical solution and diagrams. Results. The co-authors identified the values of stresses arising along the boundary of the tunnel lining as a result of the interface between underground trains and rail junctions. Diagrams that illustrate deflections of a bending curve of an infinite beam, bending moments, and stresses arising along the boundary of the tunnel lining have been made. Values of regular stresses arising along the tunnel boundary are obtained by transforming external loads into Fourier series. Conclusions. The data obtained as a result of the analysis are further used to solve problems of identifying the wave field in a continuous elastic medium using methods of successive wave approximations and compensating loads.