pedestrian dynamics
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

284
(FIVE YEARS 84)

H-INDEX

30
(FIVE YEARS 4)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan-ning Wang ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Jin-wei Chen ◽  
Kaifeng Deng ◽  
Ru-dong Wang

Abstract The study of the panic evacuation process is of great significance to emergency management. Panic not only causes negative emotions such as irritability and anxiety, but also affects the pedestrians decision-making process, thereby inducing the abnormal crowd behavior. Prompted by the epidemiological SIR model, an extended floor field cellular automaton model was proposed to investigate the pedestrian dynamics under the threat of hazard resulting from the panic contagion. In the model, the conception of panic transmission status (PTS) was put forward to describe pedestrians' behavior who could transmit panic emotions to others. The model also indicated the pedestrian movement was governed by the static and hazard threat floor field. Then rules that panic could influence decision-making process were set up based on the floor field theory. The simulation results show that the stronger the pedestrian panic, the more sensitive pedestrians are to hazards, and the less able to rationally find safe exits. However, when the crowd density is high, the panic contagion has a less impact on the evacuation process of pedestrians. It is also found that when the hazard position is closer to the exit, the panic will propagate for a longer time and have a greater impact on the evacuation. The results also suggest that as the extent of pedestrian's familiarity with the environment increases, pedestrians spend less time to escape from the room and are less sensitive to the hazard. In addition, it is essential to point out that, compared with the impact of panic contagion, the pedestrian's familiarity with environment has a more significant influence on the evacuation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Maria Mayr ◽  
Gerta Köster

With the Covid-19 pandemic, an urgent need has arisen to simulate social distancing. The Optimal Steps Model (OSM) is a pedestrian locomotion model that operationalizes an individual's need for personal space. We present new parameter values for personal space in the OSM to simulate social distancing in the pedestrian dynamics simulator Vadere. Our approach is pragmatic. We consider two use cases: in the first, we demand that a set social distance must never be violated. In the second the social distance can be violated temporarily for less than 10s. For each use case we conduct simulation studies in a typical bottleneck scenario and measure contact times, that is, violations of the social distance rule.We conduct regression analysis to assess how the parameter choice depends on the desired social distance and the corridor width. We find that evacuation time increases linearly with the width of the repulsion potential, which is an analogy to physics modeling the strength of the need for personal space. The evacuation time decreases linearly with larger corridor width. The influence of the corridor width on the evacuation time is smaller than the influence of the range of the repulsion, that is, the need for personal space. If the repulsion is too strong, we observe clogging effects.  Our regression formulas enable Vadere users to conduct their own studies without understanding the intricacies of the OSM implementation and without extensive parameter adjustment.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Geoerg ◽  
Jette Schumann ◽  
Maik Boltes ◽  
Max Kinateder

Abstract Despite considerable research efforts, most controlled empirical studies on crowd movement usually rely on homogeneous crowds, i.e., research participants are typically young adults without disabilities. Consequently, little is known about pedestrian movement in more diverse and heterogeneous crowd conditions, e.g., when persons with reduced mobility are present. This gap may be particularly relevant at bottlenecks, along the path of a moving crowd that limit the capacity of pedestrian flow. Here, we present results from 12 studies in which participants (total N = 252) with and without visible disabilities moved together in a crowd. In each study, groups of participants walked together in a hallway with a bottleneck at the end. The point of speed adoption, distances between neighbours, and behavioural activities were analysed. We found (1) that participants with disabilities reduced their speed further away from the bottleneck than participants without disabilities; (2) participants without disabilities stayed closer to neighbors with disabilities than to neighbors without disabilities; and (3) participants interacted and communicated with each other to organise in front of the bottleneck. These results underline the importance of studying representative and heterogeneous samples in crowd dynamics. We also argue that more interdisciplinary research is needed to better understand the dynamics of interactions between neighbors in a crowd. A more nuanced understanding of pedestrian dynamics holds the promise of improving the validity of simulation tools such as movement and evacuation models.


2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (50) ◽  
pp. e2107827118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Parisi ◽  
Alan G. Sartorio ◽  
Joaquín R. Colonnello ◽  
Angel Garcimartín ◽  
Luis A. Pugnaloni ◽  
...  

We characterize the dynamics of runners in the famous “Running of the Bulls” Festival by computing the individual and global velocities and densities, as well as the crowd pressure. In contrast with all previously studied pedestrian systems, we unveil a unique regime in which speed increases with density that can be understood in terms of a time-dependent desired velocity of the runners. Also, we discover the existence of an inaccessible region in the speed–density state diagram that is explained by falls of runners. With all these ingredients, we propose a generalization of the pedestrian fundamental diagram for a scenario in which people with different desired speeds coexist.


2021 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 103464
Author(s):  
Qiancheng Xu ◽  
Mohcine Chraibi ◽  
Armin Seyfried
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
pp. 113407
Author(s):  
Shuchao Cao ◽  
Feiyang Sun ◽  
Mohcine Chraibi ◽  
Rui Jiang

Abstract In this paper, spatial analysis for the nearest neighbors is performed in the unidirectional, bidirectional and crossing flows. Based on the intended direction given in the experiment, different types of neighbors such as U-ped (neighbor with the same intended direction), B-ped (neighbor with the opposite intended direction) and C-ped (neighbor with the intersecting intended direction) are defined. The preferable positions of these neighbors during movement are investigated under various conditions. The spatial relation is quantified by calculating the distance and angle between the reference pedestrian and neighbors. The results indicate that the distribution of neighbors is closely related to the neighbor’s order, crowd density, neighbor type and flow type. Furthermore, the reasons that result in these distributions for different neighbors are explored. Finally neighbor distributions for different flows are compared and the implications of this research are discussed. The spatial analysis sheds new light on the study of pedestrian dynamics in a different perspective, which can help to develop and validate crowd models in the future.


Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Mitko Aleksandrov ◽  
David J. Heslop ◽  
Sisi Zlatanova

This paper presents an approach for the automatic abstraction of built environments needed for pedestrian dynamics from any building configuration. The approach assesses the usability of navigation mesh to perform realistically pedestrian simulation considering the physical structure and pedestrian abilities for it. Several steps are examined including the creation of a navigation mesh, space subdivision, border extraction, height map identification, stairs classification and parametrisation, as well as pedestrian simulation. A social-force model is utilised to simulate the interactions between pedestrians and an environment. To perform quickly different 2D/3D geometrical queries various spatial indexing techniques are used, allowing fast identification of navigable spaces and proximity checks related to avoidance of people and obstacles in built environments. For example, for a moderate size building having eight floors and a net area of 13,000 m2, it takes only 104 s to extract the required building information to run a simulation. This approach can be used for any building configuration extracting automatically needed features to run pedestrian simulations. In this way, architects, urban planners, fire safety engineers, transport modellers and many other users without the need to manually interact with a building model can perform immediately crowd simulations.


Author(s):  
Mehran Sadeghi Lahijani ◽  
Rahulkumar Gayatri ◽  
Tasvirul Islam ◽  
Ashok Srinivasan ◽  
Sirish Namilae
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Sajjadi ◽  
Alireza Hashemi ◽  
Fakhteh Ghanbarnejad

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document