Incremental validity of narrative identity in predicting psychological well-being

The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend previous research that demonstrated the incremental validity of narrative identity in predicting psychological well-being among Korean adults. We recruited 147 Korean adults living in South Korea who completed a battery of questionnaires that assessed the Big Five traits, extrinsic value orientation, self-concept clarity, and psychological well-being. Participants then wrote a story about how they had become the persons they were, which was subsequently coded in terms of agency. We found that psychological well-being was positively related to extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and self-concept clarity, but negatively to neuroticism and extrinsic value orientation. The positive relation between agency, coded from narratives, and psychological well-being was significant both with and without controlling for the other variables. These results showed that narrative identity has incremental validity in predicting well-being among individuals who live in a culture where collectivism and individualism coexist.

Examining the Values Allocated to the Natural Environment: Non-human beings in focus: The Case of Some Selected Districts in East Gojjam Zone

Value is a worth given to something either for its consequential utility for the valuers or a worth given for its own sake. While the former way of evaluation is called extrinsic value, the latter is called intrinsic value. Any kind of approach we adapt to anything emerges from a kind of value we allocate to the thing in question, i.e., kind of value people attribute to the natural environment in general and to non-human, in particular, determine people's treatment, evaluation, action and attitude toward the being in focus. Supposing that the ever-increasing environmental crisis is anthropogenic, this paper is trying to examine the kind of value allocated to the environment and non-human beings in East Gojjam. A qualitative approach and case study design were employed to achieve the objective. Both Primary and secondary dated dates were collected. To collect data, focus group discussion, semi-structured interview, key informant interview, and document review were employed as data collecting instruments. Hence, the participants: officials and exports from the office of wildlife protection, office of natural resource management as well as the office of forest enterprise, local people and religious leaders were purposively selected, and the sample size was determined by data saturation. Finally, the collected data was analyzed thematically. The research found out that the kind of value ascribed to environments is extrinsic. Treating animals and plants as the mere means for the manifold end of human being paves the way for human beings to have untrammeled intervention in the environment.

Value Taxonomy

‘Value Taxonomy’ has two objectives. First, it presents a range of approaches to classifying values. In doing so, it brings to the fore key notions and distinctions that play important roles in value theory in general, but especially in this work, such as intrinsic/final value, final/non-final value, intrinsic/extrinsic value, and relational/non-relational value; derivative and non-derivative value; attributive and predicative use. In value theory, the nature of the value-making features functions as a gateway to how we should understand many of the above distinctions. The chapter considers therefore some advantages and disadvantages of this approach. Second, ‘Value Taxonomy’ introduces some of the key issues in formal and substantive value theory, respectively, for a reader who is not familiar with contemporary value theory.

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY VILLAGE GUIDES IN KUNDASANG AND KAMPUNG SAYAP

The study aims to identify the issues and challenges faced by village guides in the highlands along the west coast of Sabah. The destinations chosen in this study were the famous Kundasang located in the district of Ranau and Kampung Sayap a blooming highland destination in the district of Kota Belud. A qualitative approach was used to identify the issues and challenges faced by the village guides. The methodology used was divided into three stages. At stage 1, the researchers hiked along with the village guides to personally encounter the experience the hiking journey with the village guide. At stage 2, the village guides were placed in groups and a list of questions were brought forward for them to express the grievances they face while performing their guide duties and the desire to obtain certain assistance from the stakeholders to improve their socioeconomic status. Finally at stage 3, the village chief was included in the discussion in providing recommendation on how to improve the services as well as the standard of living of the village guides. The study revealed that the ratio of tourist to the village guide is too high, inability to communicate in English, do not have the knowledge on the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic value of the flora and fauna, lack of facilities, the village guides were mainly man, changes in the weather condition, schedule is too tight and the demand is seasonal. Many of the guides did not have a village guide licence because they did not have school certificates. Thus recommendations were given to focus on capacity building, working condition, status of the tour guide, safety, security and well being of guides.

Who Loses Motivation and Who Keeps it up? Investigating Student and Teacher Factors for Students’ Motivational Development Across Multiple Subjects

This longitudinal person-centered study investigated the combined role of student (gender, personality, choice of elective major subject) and teacher factors (perceived autonomy support, competence support, social relatedness) in explaining stability and change in profiles of extrinsic and intrinsic value beliefs in Mathematics, German, English, and French across Grades 9 to 11. In N = 850 (54% female, Grade 9: Mage = 15.6 years) Swiss-German upper-secondary school students, multilevel latent transition analyses revealed four rather subject-independent student profiles of extrinsic value beliefs across the four subjects, and five more subject-specific profiles of intrinsic value beliefs. Transitions into profiles with lower extrinsic value beliefs depended mostly on stable student factors such as their gender, elective major subject, and conscientiousness, whereas changes in intrinsic value beliefs depended mostly on students’ year-specific perceived need satisfaction in Mathematics and French. We discuss implications for the prevention of motivational decline.

A Comparative Study of the Motivations to Teach Chinese Between Native and Non-native Pre-service CSL/CFL Teachers

The present study compared the motivations to teach Chinese between native and nonnative pre-service teachers of Chinese as a second/foreign language (CSL/CFL). The participants included 325 native and 325 non-native Chinese-speaking pre-service CSL/CFL teachers registered in the Masters in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages (MTCSOL) programs; the teachers were asked to complete a 24-item questionnaire. Two major findings emerged. First, a similar six-factor teacher motivation was observed for both the native and non-native teachers. Second, the two groups showed non-significant differences in their ratings of the importance of cross-cultural value, intrinsic value, altruistic value, and fallback career choice as types of motivation but differed significantly in their ratings of extrinsic value and social influence. These results highlight the differences and similarities in the motivation of the second language teacher and offer insights into the variables at different levels that might influence the motivation of the second language teacher. Teacher motivation is advised to be taken into account in the training and administration of CSL/CFL teachers to alleviate the problems of teacher shortage outside China.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Value in Erin Brockovich Movie Script

This study focused on analyzing intrinsic and extrinsic value in “Erin Brockovich” by Susanah Grant. This study aimed to describe a character's utterance that contains intrinsic and extrinsic values in Erin Brockovich's movie script. There are two sources of data in this study, they are movie scripts from Erin Brockovich's movie as primary data and audiovisual movies as secondary data. Data is collected through Searching and downloading the movie script of Erin Brockovich, reading the script, looking for sentences containing the intrinsic and extrinsic value, taking note of Intrinsic value and extrinsic value, coding the data and rechecking the data. Techniques of Data analysis are done through the presentation of data, explaining and interpreting data, and concluding data. This study indicated that the Erin Brockovich movie script has two values as intrinsic and extrinsic value. First, the intrinsic value is presented in the form of Erin's care to the people at Hinkley. Second, the extrinsic value is presented in the form of PG&E's selfish attitude towards the people at Hinckley. The writer obtained 21 data. 18 intrinsic value data and 3 extrinsic data of intrinsic value found in this movie script meaning that intrinsic value is more dominant than extrinsic value. Intrinsic value is more dominant than the extrinsic value because in this movie script the focus is more on discussing positive actions carried out by the characters in the movie that are helping people by overcoming cases of water pollution.

What is the purpose of studying history? Developing students’ perspectives on the purposes and value of history education

This paper reports on an intervention study conducted with the A level students whom I teach at a sixth form college in the north-west of England. The study aimed to survey the students’ perceptions of the purposes of history education, and to broaden their understanding of the debate. The study drew upon data from 82 online forum posts from 41 history A level students. It consisted of two stages: the first surveyed students’ initial perceptions of the purposes of history education; the second aimed to further develop students’ perceptions through the deployment of stimulus material and activities designed to broaden students’ understanding of the issue. Following these activities, students’ perceptions were surveyed for a second time to facilitate comparison. The study data indicate that students who have chosen to pursue their historical studies to a higher level tend to appreciate the intrinsic value of knowing history (as opposed to its extrinsic value, such as developing transferable skills or for the sake of employability). The study also indicates that students’ perceptions of the purpose and value of historical study can be significantly altered by teacher intervention, although the long-term impact remains unassessed.