The Effect of Experience on Anxiety in Food Safety Incidents—An Empirical Study on Infant Formula Safety Incidents in China

Infant formula incidents have endangered the dietary safety and healthy growth of infants and young children and are triggers of the public’s negative emotions, attracting widespread public attention. The aim of this research was to explore how perceived knowledge gap, risk perception, past actual risk experience, and media risk experience affect anxiety. The research data obtained from 506 respondents were divided into groups with actual risk experience and without actual risk experience. Then, PLS-SEM was used to analyze the data. The results show that risk perception mediated the relationship between perceived knowledge gap and anxiety. Specifically, for the group with actual risk experience, perceived knowledge gap had a significant direct impact on anxiety; however, there was no moderation effect of media experience on the relationship between perceived knowledge gap and risk perception. For the group without actual risk experience, perceived knowledge gap had no direct effect on anxiety, and media experience had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between perceived knowledge gap and risk perception. The results suggest that in infant formula safety incidents, actual risk experience and media risk experience have different influence mechanisms on anxiety. Actual risk experience will directly and intuitively bridge the relationship between perceived knowledge gap and anxiety. Meanwhile, groups without actual risk experience tend to be influenced by rational risk judgment, and this process is moderated by media risk experience.

Research on Graded Management of Construction Risk Factors of a Subway Station

Based on a subway station project, this paper puts forward the risk factors in the process of subway construction. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to establish the risk factor model of metro station. Establishes the risk judgment matrix at all levels by combining the results of expert investigation method. By evaluating the risk factors of the subway station, the weight values of the above risk factors are calculated and sorted. As a result, the risk management system of subway station is put forward.The research results of this method provide a theoretical basis for the project managers to determine the risk factors, and lay a foundation for the smooth progress of the subway station construction project.

Embedded Microprocessor Wireless Communication Data Collection Aids in Early Warning of Default Risk for Internet Finance Bank Customers

Thanks to the maturity and innovation of embedded technology, products based on embedded platforms continue to penetrate people’s lives and play a pivotal role in various fields of society, while the development of data acquisition systems based on wireless communication of embedded microprocessors is one of the frontier directions of embedded development. Modern commercial bank risk management system includes risk control organization, risk measurement techniques (including risk warning), risk avoidance techniques, and total risk management model. In this paper, a multichannel data acquisition system combined with a wireless sensor platform is designed for early warning of default risk of Internet financial bank customers, which can realize real-time monitoring, acquisition, display, and data storage of DC signals and indoor environment information output from sensor platforms or electronic devices, and for frequent transactions, fund splitting, and mortgage pledging related to complex customers in today’s e-commerce platform, which triggers when the associated enterprise credit risk presents complexity, continuity, wholeness, multiplicity, volatility, severity, etc., it is used to improve risk judgment and risk warning ability, enhance investment risk response ability, and reduce the related losses caused by marketing risk.

Research on Risk Assessment of Corporate Social Responsibility Based on Hesitant Fuzzy Language-Cloud Model

Risk of corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the possibility and consequences of the potential lack of CSR, which will cause damage and loss to society and enterprises. Hence, scientific evaluation of CSR risk is conducive to enterprises to take timely risk response measures and reduce potential risk factors. In order to fully reflect the CSR risk, a comprehensive risk evaluation index system is established from four dimensions of corporate stakeholders, law, environment and charity. In addition, hesitant fuzzy language is used to describe the CSR risk information, so as to reflect the uncertainty in the process of risk judgment. Considering the complexity of the CSR concept and the possible discreteness of risk results, the hesitant fuzzy language-cloud model is established to evaluate CSR risk level. Finally, utilizing China Huaneng Group as a case to apply the CSR risk evaluation model, it is found that the overall CSR risk level of Huaneng is relatively low. Through further comparative and hierarchical analysis, it is found that the CSR risk of community stakeholders is relatively high, and the CSR risk of legal, environmental and charitable is relatively balanced.

Interaction effects of professional commitment, customer risk, independent pressure and money laundering risk judgment among bank analysts

Purpose This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of professional commitment, customer risk and independence pressure on money laundering risk judgment among bank analysts. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a within-subjects experimental research design and collects primary data via a questionnaire distributed to bank analysts in banking institutions in Malaysia. Findings Results show that professional commitment, customer risk and independence pressure significantly influence money laundering risk judgment (i.e. customer due diligence and money laundering reporting). The results also show significant interaction effects between customer risk and independence pressure in influencing money laundering risk judgment. Practical implications Professional commitment and situational factors are crucial in putting pressure on bank analysts responsible for performing a thorough check and due diligence to minimize money laundering risk to the bank. Social implications As money laundering is lifeblood of crimes, understanding the factors influencing money laundering risk judgment would assist the affected institutions to manage the risk better and contribute towards the fight against crimes. Originality/value This study focuses on money laundering risk judgment. It contributes to understanding the competency of the gatekeepers, such as bank analysts, in practicing professional commitment and dealing with situational factors.

Confidence in complex risk judgments: the roles of uncertainty, experience, and affect

Disagreement persists about the origin of confidence and the internal signals that influence its formation. Using combined individual participant data from four studies (N = 181), we examined confidence in relation to the perceived source of uncertainty for a risk judgment and explored the roles of domain-specific experience and affective evaluations in the formation of confidence. In each study, participants with domain-specific experience (backcountry skiers) performed complex risk judgments (judging avalanche risk) for multiple highly uncertain contexts (hypothetical scenarios in avalanche terrain). We examined whether more experienced participants could better recognize the inherent uncertainty of the decision environment, and if they did so with greater confidence. For complex tasks such as judging avalanche risk, experience should increase a person’s understanding of the probabilistic, unpredictable nature of that environment. Yet our findings suggests that participants of all levels of experience attributed uncertainty to their own judgment process rather than to the limitations and inherent uncertainty of the environment. We also examined whether participants’ affective evaluations influenced confidence in their risk judgments. Affective evaluations are understood to play a crucial orienting role in the risk judgment process. We found evidence of an interplay between affective and cognitive judgments in the formation of confidence. Participants were more confident when their affective evaluation matched their risk judgment, and less confident when there was a mismatch between the two. Our research illustrates a troubling limitation in the development of confidence with experience and the potential (dis)advantageous effect of affective evaluations on confidence in certain contexts.

The Effects of Tone at the Top and Professional Skepticism on Fraud Risk Judgment Among Internal Auditors in Indonesia

Failure of the internal auditors (IAs) to appropriately apply fraud risk judgment could result in audit failure in revealing fraud and scandals. It leads to significant harmful consequences to the IAs’ profession. In carrying out their duties, IAs sometimes have to face top management pressure. Tone at the top becomes essential in creating an ideal working environment for the IAs. Moreover, the lack of professional skepticism has been one factor causing an auditor’s failure to achieve the optimal result in detecting fraud. The findings from 202 respondents revealed that the IAs who have high professional skepticism are more effective in making fraud risk judgments. However, the direct influence of the tone at the top on fraud risk judgment is not statistically supported. This new finding may help professional regulatory bodies and the internal auditing function consider the profile and its necessary environment to elevate fraud risk judgment to regain public trust in the profession.

Should I judge safety or danger? Perceived risk depends on the question frame

Linguistic polarity is a natural characteristic of judgments: Is that situation safe/dangerous? How difficult/easy was the task? Is that politician honest/dishonest? Across six studies (N = 1599), we tested how the qualitative frame of the question eliciting a risk judgment influenced risk perception and behavior intention. Using a series of hypothetical scenarios of skiing in avalanche terrain, experienced backcountry skiers judged either how safe or how dangerous each scenario was and indicated whether they would ski the scenario. Phrasing risk judgments in terms of safety elicited lower judged safety values, which in turn resulted in a lower likelihood of intending to ski the slope. The frame “safe” did not evoke a more positive assessment than the frame “danger” as might be expected under a valence-consistent or communication-driven framing effect. This seemingly paradoxical direction of the effect suggests that the question frame directed attention in a way that guided selective information sampling. Uncertainty was not required for this effect as it was observed when judging objectively safe, uncertain, and dangerous scenarios. These findings advance our theoretical understanding of framing effects and can inform the development of practices that harness question framing for applied risk perception and communication.