temporal partitioning
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Ecosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin A. Kupferman ◽  
Anthony P. Crupi ◽  
Lisette P. Waits ◽  
Sophie L. Gilbert

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Hart ◽  
Thomas Ibanez ◽  
Kristina Paxton ◽  
Grace Tredinnick ◽  
Esther Sebastián-González ◽  
...  

When acoustic signals sent from individuals overlap in frequency and time, acoustic interference and signal masking may occur. Under the acoustic niche hypothesis (ANH), signaling behavior has evolved to partition acoustic space and minimize overlap with other calling individuals through selection on signal structure and/or the sender’s ability to adjust the timing of signals. Alternately, under the acoustic clustering hypothesis, there is potential benefit to convergence and synchronization of the structural or temporal characteristics of signals in the avian community, and organisms produce signals that overlap more than would be expected by chance. Interactive communication networks may also occur, where species living together are more likely to have songs with convergent spectral and or temporal characteristics. In this study, we examine the fine-scale use of acoustic space in montane tropical wet forest bird communities in Costa Rica and Hawai‘i. At multiple recording stations in each community, we identified the species associated with each recorded signal, measured observed signal overlap, and used null models to generate random distributions of expected signal overlap. We then compared observed vs. expected signal overlap to test predictions of the acoustic niche and acoustic clustering hypotheses. We found a high degree of overlap in the signal characteristics (frequency range) of species in both Costa Rica and Hawai‘i, however, as predicted under ANH, species significantly reduced observed overlap relative to the random distribution through temporal partitioning. There was little support for acoustic clustering or the prediction of the network hypothesis that species segregate across the landscape based on the frequency range of their vocalizations. These findings constitute strong support that there is competition for acoustic space in these signaling communities, and this has resulted primarily in temporal partitioning of the soundscape.


Author(s):  
Dylan J. MacArthur-Waltz ◽  
Rebecca A. Nelson ◽  
Gail Lee ◽  
Deborah M. Gordon

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbances, including land use change and exotic species, can alter the diversity and dynamics of ant communities. To examine foraging behavior in an urbanized habitat in northern California, we surveyed the presence of 9 ant species on 876 trees across 4 seasons during both day and night in a 9.5-hectare urbanized oak-exotic woodland. Ants were more likely to be observed on native, evergreen trees, suggesting that native evergreen species may help maintain ant diversity. Species showed clear patterns of temporal partitioning of foraging activity. Ant species varied in their use of native evergreen Quercus agrifolia trees across season and day/night axes. Of the 3 ant species most frequently observed, Camponotus semitestaceus was most active during spring and summer nights, Formica moki was most active during spring and summer days, and Prenolepis imparis was most active during both day and night during fall and winter. Liometopum occidentale was the second most active species during summer day and night, and winter day. Our findings demonstrate that an oak-exotic urban woodland in Northern California was able to maintain a native ant community, and strong temporal partitioning within that community.


Mammal Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Sévêque ◽  
Louise K. Gentle ◽  
José Vicente López‐Bao ◽  
Richard W. Yarnell ◽  
Antonio Uzal

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1954) ◽  
pp. 20210816
Author(s):  
Karissa O. Lear ◽  
Nicholas M. Whitney ◽  
John J. Morris ◽  
Adrian C. Gleiss

Niche partitioning of time, space or resources is considered the key to allowing the coexistence of competitor species, and particularly guilds of predators. However, the extent to which these processes occur in marine systems is poorly understood due to the difficulty in studying fine-scale movements and activity patterns in mobile underwater species. Here, we used acceleration data-loggers to investigate temporal partitioning in a guild of marine predators. Six species of co-occurring large coastal sharks demonstrated distinct diel patterns of activity, providing evidence of strong temporal partitioning of foraging times. This is the first instance of diel temporal niche partitioning described in a marine predator guild, and is probably driven by a combination of physiological constraints in diel timing of activity (e.g. sensory adaptations) and interference competition (hierarchical predation within the guild), which may force less dominant predators to suboptimal foraging times to avoid agonistic interactions. Temporal partitioning is often thought to be rare compared to other partitioning mechanisms, but the occurrence of temporal partitioning here and similar characteristics in many other marine ecosystems (multiple predators simultaneously present in the same space with dietary overlap) introduces the question of whether this is a common mechanism of resource division in marine systems.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeri Kirischian

The main motivation factors for the proposed research were the increase of cost-efficiency of FPGA based systems and the simplification of the design process. The first factor is optimization of design in multi-parametric constraint space. The second factor is the design of reconfigurable systems based on higher level of abstraction in a form of macro-functions rather than conventional HDL primitives. Main goal of this work was to create a methodology for automated cost-effective design synthesis of FPGA systems by utilizing temporal partitioning concept. Temporal partitioning provides powerful mechanism that allows to design cost-effective multi-parametrically optimized architectures. Another feature of these architectures is the ability for run-time self-restoration from hardware faults. As the result of the proposed research this methodology was created and successfully verified on the first prototype of Multi-mode Adaptive Reconfigurable System (MARS) with embedded Temporal Partitioning Mechanism (TPM). A special CAD software system was developed for automated application programming, automated task segmentation, and further high-level synthesis of segment specific processors (SSPs). Several novel methodologies were proposed, developed, and verified including: a methodology for creation of macro-operators (MOs) and associated set of optimized virtual hardware components (VHCs); an automated task segmentation methodology and synthesis of segment specific processors from the VHCs; methodology for integration of fault tolerance mechanisms with the self-restoration capability. The latter mechanism made possible the mitigation of transient and permanent hardware faults in run-time. The proof-of-concept component of this research consists of implementation of the above methodologies and mechanisms in the special software CAD system and verification on the experimental setup based on the prototype of system with TPM (MARS platform). As the result, all the developed methodologies and architectural solutions were tested and their effectiveness was demonstrated.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Goldenberg

In recent years with the use of Internet Technologies e-Maintenance systems for remote connectivity, performance monitoring and diagnostics were introduced. As reconfigurable system based on FPGAs are becoming more and more popular due to their low time-to-market and reprogrammable feature, new possibilities for e-Maintenance are opened allowing remote repair of the system by sending new firmware via Internet for reconfiguration of FPGA. Up until recently programming of FPGA has been a complicated hardware design process. However, as FPGAs were evolving, their reconfiguration time was significantly reduced and partial reconfiguration became available, application programming into FPGA can be simplified as presented in [1]. This method is based on temporal partitioning of FPGA and periodically reloading it with segments of application for different tasks. This allows utilization of smaller and thus much cheaper FPGA and also simplifies the programming. With the help of e-Maintenance the whole system can be dynamically reconfigured. Remote programmer can perform partial reconfiguration, close the physical location in FPGA for reconfiguration and upgrade different segments. In this project a research of remote maintenance and reconfigurable systems is conducted and e-Maintenance system is developed for an FPGA-based platform.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeri Kirischian

The main motivation factors for the proposed research were the increase of cost-efficiency of FPGA based systems and the simplification of the design process. The first factor is optimization of design in multi-parametric constraint space. The second factor is the design of reconfigurable systems based on higher level of abstraction in a form of macro-functions rather than conventional HDL primitives. Main goal of this work was to create a methodology for automated cost-effective design synthesis of FPGA systems by utilizing temporal partitioning concept. Temporal partitioning provides powerful mechanism that allows to design cost-effective multi-parametrically optimized architectures. Another feature of these architectures is the ability for run-time self-restoration from hardware faults. As the result of the proposed research this methodology was created and successfully verified on the first prototype of Multi-mode Adaptive Reconfigurable System (MARS) with embedded Temporal Partitioning Mechanism (TPM). A special CAD software system was developed for automated application programming, automated task segmentation, and further high-level synthesis of segment specific processors (SSPs). Several novel methodologies were proposed, developed, and verified including: a methodology for creation of macro-operators (MOs) and associated set of optimized virtual hardware components (VHCs); an automated task segmentation methodology and synthesis of segment specific processors from the VHCs; methodology for integration of fault tolerance mechanisms with the self-restoration capability. The latter mechanism made possible the mitigation of transient and permanent hardware faults in run-time. The proof-of-concept component of this research consists of implementation of the above methodologies and mechanisms in the special software CAD system and verification on the experimental setup based on the prototype of system with TPM (MARS platform). As the result, all the developed methodologies and architectural solutions were tested and their effectiveness was demonstrated.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Goldenberg

In recent years with the use of Internet Technologies e-Maintenance systems for remote connectivity, performance monitoring and diagnostics were introduced. As reconfigurable system based on FPGAs are becoming more and more popular due to their low time-to-market and reprogrammable feature, new possibilities for e-Maintenance are opened allowing remote repair of the system by sending new firmware via Internet for reconfiguration of FPGA. Up until recently programming of FPGA has been a complicated hardware design process. However, as FPGAs were evolving, their reconfiguration time was significantly reduced and partial reconfiguration became available, application programming into FPGA can be simplified as presented in [1]. This method is based on temporal partitioning of FPGA and periodically reloading it with segments of application for different tasks. This allows utilization of smaller and thus much cheaper FPGA and also simplifies the programming. With the help of e-Maintenance the whole system can be dynamically reconfigured. Remote programmer can perform partial reconfiguration, close the physical location in FPGA for reconfiguration and upgrade different segments. In this project a research of remote maintenance and reconfigurable systems is conducted and e-Maintenance system is developed for an FPGA-based platform.


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