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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yutaka Umemura ◽  
Kazuma Yamakawa ◽  
Shuhei Murao ◽  
Yumi Mitsuyama ◽  
Hiroshi Ogura ◽  
...  

The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is predominantly used to assess the severity of organ dysfunction in sepsis. However, differences in prognostic value between SOFA subscores have not been sufficiently evaluated. This retrospective observational study used a large-scale database containing about 30 million patients. Among them, we included 38,869 adult patients with sepsis from 2006 to 2019. The cardiovascular and neurological subscores were calculated by a modified method. Associations between the biomarkers of the SOFA components and mortality were examined using restricted cubic spline analyses, which showed that an increase in the total modified SOFA score was linearly associated with increased mortality. However, the prognostic association of subscores varied widely: platelet count showed a J-shaped association, creatinine showed an inverted J-shaped association, and bilirubin showed only a weak association. We also evaluated interaction effects on mortality between an increase of one subscore and another. The joint odds ratios on mortality of two modified SOFA subscores were synergistically increased compared to the sum of the single odds ratios, especially in cardiovascular-neurological, coagulation-hepatic, and renal-hepatic combinations. In conclusion, total modified SOFA score was associated with increased mortality despite the varied prognostic associations of the subscores, possibly because interactions between subscores synergistically enhanced prognostic accuracy.


2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Aaltonen ◽  
Niina Koivuviita ◽  
Marko Seppänen ◽  
Heikki Kröger ◽  
Xiaoyu Tong ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Development of vascular calcification is accelerated in patients with end-stage renal disease. In addition to traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) abnormal bone and mineral metabolism together with many other factors contribute to the excess cardiovascular burden in patients on dialysis. Aortic calcification score and coronary calcification score are predictive of CVD and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between arterial calcification and bone metabolism. Methods Thirty two patients on dialysis were included. All patients underwent a bone biopsy to assess bone histomorphometry and a 18F-NaF PET scan. Fluoride activity was measured in the lumbar spine (L1 – L4) and at the anterior iliac crest. Arterial calcification scores were assessed by computerized tomography for quantification of coronary artery calcification score and lateral lumbar radiography for aortic calcification score. Results This study group showed high prevalence of arterial calcification and 59% had verified CVD. Both CAC and AAC were significantly higher in patients with verified CVD. Only 22% had low turnover bone disease. There was a weak association between fluoride activity, which reflects bone turnover, measured in the lumbar spine, and CAC and between PTH and CAC. There was also a weak association between erosion surfaces and AAC. No significant association was found between calcification score and any other parameter measured. Conclusions The results in this study highlight the complexity, when evaluating the link between bone remodeling and vascular calcification in patients with multiple comorbidities and extensive atherosclerosis. Several studies suggest an impact of bone turnover on development of arterial calcification and there is some evidence of reduced progression of vascular calcification with improvement in bone status. The present study indicates an association between vascular calcification and bone turnover, even though many parameters of bone turnover failed to show significance. In the presence of multiple other factors contributing to the development of calcification, the impact of bone remodeling might be diminished. Trial registration The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov protocol registration and result system, ID is NCT02967042. Date of registration is 17/11/2016. 


Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Nikma Fadlati Umar ◽  
Mohd Ezane Aziz ◽  
Norhafiza Mat Lazim ◽  
Baharudin Abdullah

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of suprabullar pneumatization on the orientation of the frontal sinus outflow structures and its association with the volume of anterior ethmoid sinus. Methods: A retrospective chart review of computed tomography of paranasal sinuses (CTPNS) images was conducted. A total of 370 sides of the CTPNS of 185 patients were analyzed. Results: The course of anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) along the skull base (p = 0.04) and position of AEA at the second lamella (p = 0.04) was significantly associated with the type of suprabullar pneumatization. The AEA is expected to be lower at the skull base and at a longer distance from the second lamella with the increase in grading of the suprabullar pneumatization. The distance of AEA to the second lamella (p < 0.001) and third lamella (p = 0.04) was significantly different depending on the type of suprabullar pneumatization, which indicates AEA is expected to be at a longer distance from the second lamella and third lamella in higher grade suprabullar pneumatization. The type of suprabullar pneumatization has a significant but weak association with the anterior ethmoid sinus volume (p = 0.04). Conclusions: There is a significant effect of the type of suprabullar pneumatization on the orientation of the surrounding anatomical structures at the frontal recess. The type of suprabullar pneumatization is influenced by the anterior ethmoid sinus volume, which suggests it has a possible role in the frontal drainage pathway.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Marfoli ◽  
Federica Viglia ◽  
Micaela Di Consiglio ◽  
Sheila Merola ◽  
Stefano Sdoia ◽  
...  

AbstractSociotropy (anaclitic) and autonomy (introjective) are conceptualised as two personality dimensions that confer vulnerability to depression. According to Blatt and Beck’s theories, sociotropic individuals exhibit distinctive patterns of symptoms such as prominent anxiety, depressed mood, helplessness, crying and somatic concerns, while self-critical ones seem to exhibit a pattern of symptoms including prominent guilt, hopelessness, feelings of failure and worthlessness and other cognitive symptoms.This systematic review was performed with the aim of investigating whether and to what extent psychological dimensions of anaclitic-sociotropic and introjective-autonomy are related to a specific core of depressive symptoms. The search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus) and 27 articles were selected.Results showed a weak association between somatic symptoms and dependent personality traits, while the relationship between self-criticism and cognitive symptomatology was significantly higher. These findings are discussed in the context of future research, necessary to corroborate the existence of a form of depression characterised by somatic features usually ignored by diagnostic criteria, essential to direct psychological treatments to these depressive personality differences.


2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110479
Author(s):  
Chun Lai

Adopting the activity-audience framework, this study examined how different social media activities among a group of ethnic minority students associated with acculturation. It took a Qual-Quant sequential design by interviewing 44 secondary school ethnic minority students in Hong Kong first to conceptualize the potential relationships and then surveying 565 students to test the conceptual model. It found that different social media activities associated differently with acculturation; in contrast to the weak association of communication with friends and schoolmate, consuming mainstream culture-related information and interacting with strangers from the mainstream culture were the important determinators of the students’ bicultural competence and bicultural identity. Cognitive appraisal positively mediated the contribution of information consumption, whereas communication with strangers was mediated positively by behavioral appraisal but negatively by affective appraisal. The findings advocate a differentiated approach toward utilizing the affordances of social media activities for acculturation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saliha A. Sarip ◽  
◽  
Wardah D. Guimba ◽  
Cherrilyn N. Mojica

People have the tendencies to be involved or engaged in transgression. While some may be forgiving and move forward, others hold grudges, resentment, or feel remorse. In the context of social, behavioral science, this is worth investigating. Thus, this study aimed at analyzing the indicatives of forgivingness in a transgression-related act and if these are associated with Gender and age. The main instrument used is the Transgression Narrative Test of Forgivingness (TNTF) which is a tool to measure forgivingness of the Meranao living in Lanao del Sur, Philippines. The respondents were the 150 Meranao Students (senior high and college students). This study employed a quantitative design that described, compared and correlated variables. Findings indicated that Meranao students are most forgiving towards scenarios in which a transgressor causes a friend to fail in the submission of a job application and least forgiving towards a scenario where a transgressor causes one of the family members to die. Meranaos’ age range from 15 to 25 shows no difference in forgivingness between men and women. Results showed a very weak association in age groups. Future researchers may use other situational scales and tools to identify further results and use comprehensive age groups (young, middle-age, and old adult) examining respondents’ forgivingness and its significant differences.


Author(s):  
Dongxue Pan ◽  
Simao Fu ◽  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Tingting Yu ◽  
Sizhe Huang ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives In this study, we evaluated the concordance between the ultrasonographic stage of breast (US B) and Tanner stage of breast (TS B) for overweight and obese girls based on a school population study. Methods We conducted multistage, stratified cluster, and random-proportional sampling and ultimately included 221 girls (aged 6–10 years). Results This study revealed that the concordance was poor (accuracy=0.19 (95% confidence interval: 0.14, 0.25)) between US B and TS B among the 221 participants. When our subjects were stratified by weight, we observed a weak association between US B and TS B in the thin/normal weight group (r=0.34, p=0.001) but not in the overweight (r=0.097, p=0.38) or obese groups (r=–0.19, p=0.206), and as the body mass index (BMI) z-score increased, the overestimation ratio of TS B increased. US B manifested a positive correlation with breast bud diameter (BD) (r=0.885, p<0.001), follicle-stimulating hormone (r=0.235, p=0.009), and luteinizing hormone (r=0.192, p=0.037), but this was not the case with TS B. Conclusions As the BMI z-score increased, the correlation between the two methods declined, and the overestimation ratio of TS B increased. US B is an objective and quantitative method used to evaluate breast development, and whether BD might replace US B as a routine diagnostic method to evaluate breast development in clinical practice needs to be confirmed in larger-sample studies.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saliha A. Sarip ◽  
Wardah D. Guimba ◽  
Cherrilyn N. Mojica

People have the tendencies to be involved or engaged in transgression. While some may be forgiving and move forward, others hold grudges, resentment, or feel remorse. In the context of social, behavioral science, this is worth investigating. Thus, this study aimed at analyzing the indicatives of forgivingness in a transgression-related act and if these are associated with Gender and age. The main instrument used is the Transgression Narrative Test of Forgivingness (TNTF) which is a tool to measure forgivingness of the Meranao living in Lanao del Sur, Philippines. The respondents were the 150 Meranao Students (senior high and college students). This study employed a quantitative design that described, compared and correlated variables. Findings indicated that Meranao students are most forgiving towards scenarios in which a transgressor causes a friend to fail in the submission of a job application and least forgiving towards a scenario where a transgressor causes one of the family members to die. Meranaos’ age range from 15 to 25 shows no difference in forgivingness between men and women. Results showed a very weak association in age groups. Future researchers may use other situational scales and tools to identify further results and use comprehensive age groups (young, middle-age, and old adult) examining respondents’ forgivingness and its significant differences.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Prasetyo ◽  
Ariel Elisa Mongan ◽  
Novie Amelia Chozie ◽  
Joedo Prihartono ◽  
Stefanus Imanuel Setiawan

Abstract Background Repeated bleeding in hemophilic arthropathy (HA) may result in severe degenerative changes and joint destruction. The gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequence MR is proved to be the best method to detect hemosiderin deposition. However, MR is not widely available in developing countries, including Indonesia. Some studies have proposed ultrasonography (US) as an alternative tool in evaluating hemophilic joint. However, there is still some disagreement on the ability of US to detect hemosiderin deposition. Objective To evaluate the association between US and GRE-sequence MR imaging in detecting hemosiderin deposition in hemophilic ankle joint. Material and methods A total of 102 sites from 17 ankle joints of 11 boys with severe hemophilia A underwent US examination using a high-frequency linear array transducer. GRE-sequence MR examination was performed in sagittal view consistent with the sites scanned by US. Both examinations were performed on the same day, but MR interpretation was performed blindly at different times. The association between US and GRE-sequences in detecting hemosiderin deposition was analyzed using McNemar’s test. Results Statistical analysis showed a significant association (p value < 0.001) between US and GRE MR in detecting hemosiderin deposition, but the association is weak (R = 0.26). Sensitivity and specificity of US for detecting hemosiderin deposition were 46.84% (95%CI: 35.51–58.40) and 95.65% (95%CI: 78.05–99.89), respectively, with positive predictive value 97.37% (95%CI: 84.29–99.61), negative predictive value 34.38% (95%CI: 29.50–39.60) and accuracy 57.84% (95%CI: 47.66–67.56). Conclusion There was a weak association between US and GRE-sequences in detecting hemosiderin deposition of hemophilic ankle joint. ​​


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iane dos Santos da Silva ◽  
Thays Andrade Apolinário ◽  
Luciana de Andrade Agostinho ◽  
Carmen Lúcia Antão Paiva

Abstract Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative progressive and fatal disease characterized by motor disorder, cognitive impairment and behavioral problems, caused by expanded repeats of CAG trinucleotides in the HTT gene. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of TBP gene CAG/CAA repeats in conjunction with HTT gene CAG repeats, on the age of HD onset in Brazilian individuals. Individuals diagnosed as molecularly negative for HD, presented 29-39 TBP CAG/CAA (mean = 36 ± 2; median = 36). The most frequent allele had 36 repeats. The heterozygosity was 84%. In individuals diagnosed as molecularly positive for HD, a range of 25-40 TBP CAG/ CAA was found (mean = 36 ± 2; median = 36). The most frequent TBP allele had 38 repeats and the heterozygosity was 81%. We also conducted TBP direct Sanger sequencing of some samples which demonstrated other TBP structures different from the wild-type. The HTT expanded CAG and TBP CAG/CAA repeat sizes jointly explained 66% of the age at onset (AO) in our HD patients. The strongest variable in the model associated to AO was the number of expanded HTT CAG repeats. The difference between the association of HD AO with HTT expanded CAG together with TBP CAG / CAA and the association of HD AO with HTT expanded CAG was 0.001 (∆R2). Therefore, we found a weak association (0.1%) of TBP CAG/CAA repeats on HD AO, if any.


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