The effect of indium introduction method on the properties of Pt/In/Al2O3-Cl reforming catalyst

The effect of 0.3 wt.% indium, which was introduced at the steps of alumina peptization or impregnation, on the properties of platinumalumina reforming catalysts was studied. Doping with indium at the impregnation step produced a smaller decrease in the total acidity of the support and hence in the heptane conversion for the corresponding Pt/In/Al2O3-Cl catalyst. The most pronounced decrease in selectivity of hydrogenolysis and hydrocracking and the maximum i-C5-7 : toluene selectivity ratio were observed for this sample as compared to the undoped catalysts with indium introduction at the peptization step.

Discrete Simulation Model of Industrial Natural Gas Primary Reformer in Ammonia Production and Related Evaluation of the Catalyst Performance

The catalytic steam reforming process of natural gas consumes up to approximately 60% of overall energy used in ammonia production. The optimization of the reforming catalyst performance can significantly improve the operation of the whole ammonia plant. An on-line model uses actual process parameters to optimize and reconcile the data of primary reforming products with possibility to predict the catalyst performance. The model uses a combination of commercial simulator and open-source code based on scripts and functions in form of m. file to calculate various physical properties of reacting gases. The optimization of steady-state flowsheet, based on real-time plant data from the distributed control system (DCS), is essential for the application of the model at the industrial level. The simplicity of the calculation method used by the model provides the fundamental basis for the industrial application in the frame of digitalization initiative. The principal aim of the optimization procedure is to change the working curve for methane regarding its equilibrium curve as well as methane outlet molar concentration. This is the critical process parameter in reforming catalyst operation. Industrial top fired primary reformer unit based on Kellogg Inc. technology design served for the validation of the model. Calculation procedure is used for continuous on-line evaluation of the most commercially available primary reformer catalysts. Based on the conducted evaluation, the model can indicate possible recommendations which can mitigate marginal performance and prolong reformer catalyst lifetime.

Use of a Reforming Catalyst for Hydrogen Production in the Carbonization Process of Torrefied Biomass

The utilization of charcoal from woody biomass is an efficient way to reduce CO2 emissions from the metallurgical industry. The main aim of this work is to study the charcoal production process from torrefied biomass. For this purpose, torrefaction (3 °C min−1, 250 °C, 30 min) and carbonization (3 °C min−1, 750 °C, 30 min) experiments of eucalyptus wood were carried out in a 3.5 L tank reactor. In the carbonization experiments, a thermo-catalytic treatment of the vaporized phase was also performed, with the objective of producing less condensates and H2-rich gases. The results show that the torrefaction pre-treatment does not affect the chemical properties of charcoal but significantly improves the performance of the carbonization process, where more than 50 wt% of charcoal is obtained. In addition, the thermal and thermo-catalytic treatment of the vaporized phase during the carbonization of torrefied biomass yields better results than in the case of fresh biomass. When torrefied biomass is used as raw material and the reforming catalyst is employed to treat the vapors and gases, a proportion of 71 vol% of H2 in the gases is achieved, together with very low quantities of condensates (8.0 wt%). This allows designing a carbonization process in which, in addition to charcoal, pure H2 can also be produced.

Development of production of natural gas primary reforming catalyst

The activity of the prepared catalyst samples was determined according to TU 113-03-352-87 according to the method TU 113-03-313-85 "Nickel GIAP-3-6N catalyst for the conversion of gaseous hydrocarbons". The organization of production is planned at OJSS "Maksam-Chirchik" and is included in the list of innovative works of SJSC "Uzkimyosanoat".