National standards of the impulse electrical voltage of Russian Federation and Republic of Belarus: additional comparisons

The results of additional bilateral comparison of initial standards of the impulse electrical voltage unit were considered. As a result of comparison there were confirmed announced uncertainties and calibration and measurement capabilities of the participants of comparison. The comparison was carried out under guidance of COOMET (project 710/RU-a/16) оn the initiative of national metrology institutes (NMI): VNIIFTRI (Russia) and BelGIM (Republic of Belarus). The comparison involved national standards: the State primary standard unit of the impulse electrical voltage unit (GET 182-2010, VNIIFTRI) and the original standard of the impulse electrical voltage unit BelGIM. Step pulse generator TMG030010SN11-M1 was used as a traveling standard. The values of the impulse electrical voltage, reproduced by means of traveling standard, were measured by national standards.The purpose of comparison was to confirm confidence in the measurement results and calibration certificates, issued by the NMI in the field of impulse electrical voltage measurements. In the comparison VNIIFTRI acted as a pilot laboratory. Measurements of impulse electrical voltage by means of traveling standard were carried out in the following order: first – measurements of impulse electrical voltage on GET 182-2010, then – on the original standard of BelGIM and finally – again on GET 182-2010. Processing of the results of comparison according to χ2(i) criterion showed that χ2(i) criterion values (calculated on the basis of the measurement results) doesn’t exceed a critical value χ2, that is the objective confirmation of announced uncertainties, declared by the participants of comparison.

State primary standard of gas volumetric and mass flow rate units GET 118-2017: history of creation, confirmation of calibration and measurement capabilities

The history of the creation of the State primary standard of gas volumetric and mass flow rate units GET 118-2017 is presented. The significant role of international comparisons was noted at various stages of the creation of GET 118-2017: the comparisons results confirmed and made it possible to include in the KCDB the calibration and measurement capabilities of the Russian Federation in the field of gas volumetric flow measurements, and also helped to determine the direction and list of measures to improve the standard. A patented comparison method for calibrating critical nozzles, implemented in GET 118-2017 for transfer the units of volumetric and mass flow rates of gas to working standards, is described. The design, composition and characteristics of GET 118-2017 are presented. Currently, more than 700 working standards of gas volumetric and mass flow rates used in the Russian Federation and some KOOMET member countries are traced to GET 118-2017, the total number of calls to GET 118-2017 for the transfer of measurement units exceeds 3500 per year.

PTB for Climate Sciences: Combined efforts supporting the European Metrology Network for Climate and Ocean Observation

<p><span>The German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) is organized in typical different sections and divisions, each of them bringing in their own portfolio on specific calibration and measurement capabilities. Customer are being served on various fields of work and metrological SI-traceability strategies are developed for all the units of measurements. However, despite many third-party projects driven by individual PTB groups [1], as for example within the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR, [2]) and its different Environmental calls, PTB has never been seen itself as a climate research institute. With the foundation of the European Metrology Network for Climate and Ocean Observation (EMN) [3], PTB has now brought its various expertise on metrology for climate research to a new level of combination.</span></p><p><span>The presentation highlights the input from three different working groups of PTB to the EMN related to its sections “Atmosphere”, “Ocean”, and “Land” as being addressed by the groups for Spectrometric Gas Analysis [4], Electrochemistry [5], and Infrared Radiation Thermometry [6], respectively. With those expertise PTB seeks to support the idea of the EMN bringing in measurement techniques like in situ laser spectroscopy-based species quantification, FTIR-based analysis of atmospheric gases and related spectral line parameters of key greenhouse gases and offering its consulting services to the EMN in the “Atmosphere” section. On the “Ocean” section of the EMN PTB offers its expertise based on ph-measurements, salinity definitions and respective calibration and measurement capabilities, whereas the “Land” section of the EMN is benefitting from PTB’s application-specific traceability concepts for infrared radiation thermometry and infrared radiometry and for quantitative thermography and for emissivity measurements in the field of satellite-, aircraft- and ground-based optical remote sensing of the atmosphere and Earth (-90 °C to 100 °C).</span></p><p><span>Examples for all three working groups will be presented and discussed in view of there benefit to the EMN. Collaboration with European partners will be shown.</span></p><p><span>Acknowledgements:</span></p><p><span>Parts of the work </span>has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. PTB acknowledges the collaboration with all partners in the EMN for Climate and Ocean Observation.</p><p> </p><p><span>References:</span></p><p><span>[1] EMPIR 16ENV05 MetNO2 (http://empir.npl.co.uk/metno2/), EMPIR 16ENV06 SIRS (https://www.vtt.fi/sites/SIRS/), EMPIR 16ENV08 (http://empir.npl.co.uk/impress/</span><span>)</span></p><p><span>[2] European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research, https://www.euramet.org/research-innovation/research-empir/?L=0</span></p><p><span>[3] European Metrology Network for Climate and Ocean Observation, https://www.euramet.org/european-metrology-networks/climate-and-ocean-observation/?L=0</span></p><p><span>[4] PTB working group Spectrometric Gas Analysis, https://www.ptb.de/cms/en/ptb/fachabteilungen/abt3/fb-34/ag-342.html</span></p><p><span>[5] PTB working group Electrochemistry, https://www.ptb.de/cms/en/ptb/fachabteilungen/abt3/fb-31/ag-313.html</span></p><p><span>[6] PTB working group Infrared Radiation Thermometry https://www.ptb.de/cms/en/ptb/fachabteilungen/abt7/fb-73/ag-732.html</span></p><p> </p>

Establishment of torque realisation up to 5 kN·m with a new design of the torque standard machine

<p class="Abstract">A Torque Standard Machine (TSM) with a rated capacity of 5 kN·m was designed and constructed by the Torque Laboratory, National Institute of Metrology (Thailand), NIMT. The machine had initially used a flexure bearing as a fulcrum. It had been developed based on the research of a 10 N·m suspended fulcrum TSM. However, the bearing structure was changed to a combination of eight elastic hinges in order to withstand larger cross-forces for providing greater strength and providing a shorter stabilising time, consuming the lever arm’s swing. With a three-column weightlifting system, the machine provides five measuring ranges ranging from 100 N·m to 5,000 N·m in the same set of stacked weights.</p><p class="Abstract">The measurement results showed the sensitivity of the fulcrum within ± 0.005 N·m from 10 % to 100 % of the measurement range. The sensitivity of the fulcrum is one of the main sources of the uncertainty evaluation of the torque measurement. The Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) of the torque measurement were 0.01 % (<em>k=2</em>) in the measurement range from 500 N·m to 5,000 N·m. To confirm the capability of the measurement, an informal comparison with Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) was conducted. The results were satisfactory, with the |<em>E</em>_n| less than 1.</p>

The improvement of an elastic hinge-type torque standard machine in NIMT

<p class="Abstract" align="left">The National Institute of Metrology of Thailand’s (NIMT) strain-controlled elastic hinge-type torque standard machine was designed to cover a measuring range of 1 N·m to 1 kN·m. The elastic hinge was used both at the fulcrum and the hanger of the lever arms. The designed elastic hinge’s thickness, 0.50 mm, caused a higher stiffness than a sheet metal plate of other types of torque machines. The bending moment of all elastic hinges affected the sum of the torque signal on the lever arm that was used to observe the balancing of the lever. The residual torque sensitivity, which was no better than 0.20 mN·m, significantly affected the uncertainty of the low-range torque realisation.</p><p class="Abstract">The calibration and measurement capabilities of the machine were 0.010 % (<em>k</em> = 2) in the measurement range of 10 N·m to 1 kN·m and 0.030 % (<em>k</em> = 2) in the measurement range of 1 N·m to 10 N·m. In the transducer calibration, the influence of the random bending moment of the elastic hinge affected the repeatability, reproducibility, and linearity of the low torque measurements. The cause of the bending moment of the elastic hinges was a result of the deviation of the centre of gravity (CG) of the weight on the pan from the reference line. To improve CMCs, separate signal calibrations were selected for this experiment i.e. the left hinge, the right hinge, and the fulcrum. The torque in each signal calibration was combined by software and was used to correct the calibration value of the torque.</p>

Improving the measurement standard for the metrological support of the porometry of solid substances and materials

The State Primary Measurement Standard for units of specific gas adsorption, specific surface area, specific volume and pore size of solid substances and materials (GET 210–2014) is currently in operation at UNIIM. The GET 210-2014 has calibration and measurement capabilities for pore size in a range from 2 to 100 nm, while in practice there is a need to control the pore size of solid substances and materials in a range from 100 to 10,000 nm. In order to enhance the calibration and measurement capabilities of the GET 210-2014, it was proposed to include two reference systems implementing the methods of mercury porometry and stationary filtration into the measurement standard. This work considers the state of the metrology of porometry and presents the first results of studies on the metrological characteristics of reference systems implementing the methods of mercury porometry and stationary filtration. Algorithms for calculating the uncertainty of quantities being reproduced via the methods of mercury porometry and stationary filtration and characterizing the porosity of solids have been developed and tested. The reliability of the developed algorithms is confirmed by: the results of participation in 4 international comparisons, the measurements of foreign-made reference materials, along with the results of participation in 6 rounds of interlaboratory comparisons. The measurement standard improvement will provide metrological support to measuring instruments and measurement procedures for sorption properties, porosity and gas permeability of solid substances and materials in various industrial sectors. Thus, the metrological independence of the Russian Federation will be ensured and import substitution of expensive foreign reference materials carried out.