isothermal reduction
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Author(s):  
Jiwei Bao ◽  
Mansheng Chu ◽  
Zhenggen Liu ◽  
Dong Han ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
...  
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Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137
Author(s):  
Abourehab Hammam ◽  
Yi Cao ◽  
Abdel-Hady A. El-Geassy ◽  
Mohamed H. El-Sadek ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
...  

This study investigates the non-isothermal reduction of iron ore fines with two different carbon-bearing materials using the thermogravimetric technique. The iron ore fines/carbon composites were heated from room temperature up to 1100 °C with different heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C/min) under an argon atmosphere. The effect of heating rates and carbon sources on the reduction rate was intensively investigated. Reflected light and scanning electron microscopes were used to examine the morphological structure of the reduced composite. The results showed that the heating rates affected the reduction extent and the reduction rate. Under the same heating rate, the rates of reduction were relatively higher by using charcoal than coal. The reduction behavior of iron ore-coal was proceeded step wisely as follows: Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe. The reduction of iron ore/charcoal was proceeded from Fe2O3 to FeO and finally from FeO to metallic iron. The reduction kinetics was deduced by applying two different methods (model-free and model-fitting). The calculated activation energies of Fe2O3/charcoal and of Fe2O3/coal are 40.50–190.12 kJ/mole and 55.02–220.12 kJ/mole, respectively. These indicated that the reduction is controlled by gas diffusion at the initial stages and by nucleation reaction at the final stages.


ACS Catalysis ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 5004-5016
Author(s):  
Rachel Martin ◽  
Minkyu Kim ◽  
Christopher J. Lee ◽  
Vikram Mehar ◽  
Stefano Albertin ◽  
...  

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Yuan ◽  
Fuming Luo ◽  
Shifeng Liu ◽  
Mingyuan Zhang ◽  
Dongshan Zhou

The kinetics of the isothermal reduction of iron ore–coke, iron ore–charcoal, and iron ore–biomass (straw) composite pellets were studied at 900–1200 °C. Compared with the other two composite pellets, the composite pellet using biomass as a reducing agent showed a more rapid reduction rate at a relatively low temperature. With an increase in the temperature, the reduction rates of the three different composite pellets tended to be equal. The reducing reactions of the three different composite pellets were all mainly controlled by gasification diffusion. The reduction rates can be described by the interface reaction kinetic model ([1−(1−m)1/3]2=kt). The apparent activation energies of the gasification diffusion of coke, charcoal, and biomass composite pellets at 900–1200 °C were calculated using the Arrhenius equation, and they were 95.81, 71.67, and 58.69 kJ/mol, respectively. The biomass composite pellets exhibited a lower apparent activation energy than the composite pellets with other reduction agents.


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