Are Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated with Worse Cognitive Function in Older Adults?

Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with an increased risk for dementia, but this relationship and modifying factors are poorly understood. This study is the first to our knowledge to comprehensively examine the effect of ACE on specific cognitive functions and measures associated with greater risk and resiliency to cognitive decline in independent community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Verbal/nonverbal intelligence, verbal memory, visual memory, and executive attention were assessed. Self-report measures examined depression, self-efficacy, and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC). The ACE questionnaire measured childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Results: Over 56% of older adults reported an adverse childhood event. ACE scores were negatively associated with income and years of education and positively associated with depressive symptoms and SCC. ACE scores were a significant predictor of intellectual function and executive attention; however, these relationships were no longer significant after adjusting for education. Follow-up analyses using the PROCESS macro revealed that relationships among higher ACE scores with intellectual function and executive attention were mediated by education. Conclusions: Greater childhood adversity may increase vulnerability for cognitive impairment by impacting early education, socioeconomic status, and mental health. These findings have clinical implications for enhancing levels of cognitive reserve and addressing modifiable risk factors to prevent or attenuate cognitive decline in older adults.

ON THE NEW MODEL OF ADAPTIVE INTELLOGENCE

В статье рассматривается традиционное понимание адаптивной функции интеллекта, обоснованное в трудах Ж.Пиаже, Г.Култона и многих других авторов. Даются исчерпываю щие представления о принципиально новых подходах к пониманию адаптивно интеллектуальной функции, разработанных в контексте общей теории психотерапии. Приводится краткое и развернутое определение новой модели адаптивного интеллекта. Обсуждаются эвристическ ие следствия данной модели в психотерапии, в частности в мета модели социальной психотерапии, в сфере деятельности научных и религиозных институтов, а также в сфере научной этики. Делаются выводы о состоятельности и перспективности использования данной мод ели в науке и практике. The article examines the traditional understanding of the adaptive function of intelligence, substantiated in the works of J. Piaget, G. Coulton and many other authors. Exhaustive ideas about fundamentally new approaches to understanding the adaptive-intellectual function, developed in the context of the general theory of psychotherapy, are given. A short and detailed definition of a new model of adaptive intelligence is given. The heuristic consequences of this model in psychotherapy, in particular in the meta-model of social psychotherapy, in the field of activities of scientific and religious institutions, as well as in the field of scientific ethics are discussed. Conclusions are made about the consistency and prospects of using this model in science and practice.

Late-onset nephrotic syndrome with thyroid hypoplasia and nup85 mutation in Galloway-Mowat syndrome: A case report

Galloway-Mowat syndrome is an autosomal recessive rare hereditary disorder with progressively worsening renal function, neurological and psychomotor abnormalities, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, and thyroid, adrenal, and ovarian hypoplasia/agenesis. Here, we present the case of a 9-year-old girl who presented with late-onset steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome with rapid worsening of renal function, microcephaly, hypertelorism, high-arched palate, delayed speech and developmental milestones, poor intellectual function, short stature, hypertension, and hypothyroidism. Magnetic resonance imaging brain was suggestive of cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, hypomyelination, and optic atrophy. Renal biopsy was suggestive of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Whole-genome exon sequencing revealed a homozygous mutation in the NUP85 gene. The clinicians should be aware of this rare syndrome and consider it as a possibility in any patient presenting with nephrotic syndrome, microcephaly, and neurological abnormality.

REALISME EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MALAYSIA DALAM KARYA INDIE

Indie masterpieces are still not well received by the community now as it is still viewed as masterpieces that bring negative elements, taboos, aggressive attributes and unlike usual masterpieces such as prime literary masterpieces or serious masterpieces that have intellectual and aesthetic functions. This research will look into intellectual function of Indie masterpieces, whereby examining economy development thinking that is brought up in four Indie masterpieces, Aku Rindu 90’s, Surat-Surat Untuk Kaherah, Kunang Pesisir Morten and Budak Kelas Belakang. This research is carried out qualitatively by using Georg Lukacs’ realism criticism perspective to identify aesthetic values that are brought up based on the principles outlined by Georg Lukacs, such as art socialisation process as one of the effective medium to support economy, literature masterpieces as tools to fight economy domination, free literature criticism principles as well as literature masterpieces as transformational forces. Focused structural analysis was used to identify Indie writers’ thinking towards developing community economy. Three objectives were set, which were to identify economy development thinking in Indie masterpieces, analyse Indie writers’ masterpieces that are of same level with serious masterpieces, and lastly rectify community’s perception towards Indie masterpieces which are developing fast in Malaysia. The research findings show that Indie masterpieces also bring intellectual function and serious thinking that could bring impact towards community development especially towards community economic stability. The findings of this research also clarify problems that often shadowing Indie masterpieces. It is clear that Indie masterpieces do not bring negative elements, taboos and aggressive attributes, instead they show intellectual functions and have aesthetic values. Keywords: Indie masterpieces, Indie writers’ thinking, economy development, Georg Lukacs’ realism criticism Abstrak: Karya Indie pada masa ini masih belum dapat diterima sepenuhnya oleh masyarakat dan masih dianggap sebagai karya yang membawa unsur negatif, tabu, bersifat agresif serta di luar daripada kebiasaan seperti karya sastera perdana atau karya serius yang mempunyai fungsi intelektual dan estetika. Maka kajian ini akan meneliti fungsi intelektual karya Indie, iaitu meneliti pemikiran pembangunan ekonomi yang dikemukakan dalam empat buah karya Indie, Aku Rindu 90’s, Surat-Surat Untuk Kaherah, Kunang Pesisir Morten dan Budak Kelas Belakang. Kajian ini dijalankan secara kualitatif menggunakan perspektif kritikan realisme Georg Lukacs bagi mengenal pasti nilai estetika yang ditampilkan berdasarkan prinsip yang digaris Georg Lukacs seperti, proses sosialisasi seni sebagai satu daripada media yang efektif bagi mendukung ekonomi, karya sastera sebagai alat menentang dominasi ekonomi, prinsip sastera kritis yang membebaskan dan karya sastera sebagai daya transformasi. Analisis struktural berfokus digunakan untuk mengenal pasti pemikiran penulis Indie ke arah membangunkan ekonomi masyarakat. Tiga objektif ditentukan, iaitu untuk mengenal pasti pemikiran pembangunan ekonomi yang terdapat dalam karya Indie menganalisis karya penulis Indie yang setanding dengan karya serius, dan akhir sekali bagi membetulkan persepsi masyarakat terhadap karya Indie yang kian pesat berkembang di Malaysia. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan karya Indie turut membawakan fungsi intelektual atau pemikiran serius yang mampu memberi impak ke arah pembangunan masyarakat terutamanya ke arah menstabilkan ekonomi masyarakat. Dapatan kajian ini juga telah dapat merungkaikan permasalahan yang sering membayangi karya Indie. Ternyata karya Indie tidaklah membawa unsur negatif, tabu dan bersifat agresif, tetapi turut menampilkan fungsi intelektual dan mempunyai nilai estetika. Kata kunci: Karya Indie, pemikiran penulis Indie, pembangunan ekonomi, kritikan realisme Georg Lukacs

Integrity of the Coordinating Construction as a System

The integrity of the coordinating construction is created by its connection with external systems: a text, a surrounding reality, thinking, communication in so-ciety. The leading aspects of the coordinating construction are logical and commu-nicative ones. A formal aspect serves them as means of their expression and it can-not claim to the leading role. It supplies integrity with its two peculiarities: by reduction the whole variety of coordinating constructions to compound sentences and by including the construction into the text. It is necessary to consider that these two peculiarities are the result of the influence exerted by logical and communica-tive content of the coordinating construction. Described situation also takes part in creating the integrity of the coordinat-ing construction. If it were not used, there would not be material for thinking and communication. It seems that its role is settled here. Such conclusion follows from the fact that thinking and needs of communication apply to it «according to one’s opinion»: existedfacts are not called; what is not connected outwardis joined; the speaker begins to inform the facts which he or she does not know exactly. Besides, the construction calls the things which do not exist, some of them are only referred to. The last point of «diminution» of the semantic aspect is the use of the particle «only» as an equal in rights component, the role of which brings to naught in the semantic aspect.The analysis of the coordinating construction integrity registered that two language functions are equally important for it: the function of creating and form-ing thought and the communicative function. The intellectual function takes the first place, indeed. Only thanks to thinking and understanding of multiplicity and its el-ements, «diminution» of the semantic aspect is possible. In other words, there would be no coordinating constructions at all without understanding multiplicity and its elements.

MOTOR AND INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN: A REVIEW

The aim of this narrative review article is to present the effects of physical activity on the motor and cognitive development of children. Early childhood is one of the most critical periods in a child's physical and intellectual development. As much as seventy percent of the brain's connections develop during the pre-school years, these connections form the basis and framework for the child's later abilities and characteristics. A physically stimulating and varied environment undoubtedly has a significant impact on the mental functions of children. The brain is designed to learn and solve problems, initially simple, later complex. The earliest challenges that the brain needs to solve are related to movement. Children solve these problems spontaneously, intuitively, and in an unstructured manner. Later, with more organized movements, children acquire various motor skills, abilities, and sensory experiences, thereby gaining a new understanding of themselves and their surroundings. These insights and experiences will equip the child for the challenges and problems they will face later in life. Children enter into social interactions and group dynamics through movement and acquire a sense of autonomy and independence. A stimulating and varied motor environment undoubtedly has a significant impact on children's intellectual function and, thus, on the development of their potential abilities.

The Effect of Life Quality on Erderly with Hypertension at Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia Hospital

The process of aging affects physical and mental changes which result in decreased endurance, resulting in various diseases such as hypertension. An increase in blood pressure is thought to be influenced by poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of quality of life in the elderly with the incidence of hypertension. This type of research uses quantitative and qualitative approaches (Mixed Methods). The research was conducted at Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia General Hospital. Population of 360 people and sample of 78 people. The research informants were 7 people.. The results showed that the quality of life in the dimensions of independence, intellectual function, and back depression had an effect on the incidence of hypertension at Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia General Hospital, p = 0.000. The most dominant variable or the one with the greatest influence on the incidence of hypertension in this study is the variable level of independence which has a value of Exp (B) / OR = 3,943, meaning that the elderly with independence depending on their activities with other people have the opportunity to experience high category hypertension (Grade 2) of 3.9. times higher than the elderly who are independent. The conclusion of this study is that the incidence of hypertension in the elderly is influenced by quality of life (independence, intellectual function, and depression back). It is recommended that Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia Hospital make a policy on geriatric services by providing counseling services for the elderly, providing counseling on prevention and management of hypertension, such as occupational therapy (healing process through activities).