Features of the subsurface water composition formation in the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin of the Middle Ob region fields

The formation of the deep oil and gas bearing horizons hydrogeological conditions in the Middle Ob region and the West Siberian megabasin as a whole contains many questions and is a subject of discussion. This is due to numerous hydrogeodynamic and hydrogeochemical anomalies that do not have an unambiguous explanation. The hydrogeological conditions feature of the area under consideration is inversion hydrogeochemical zonation in the Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic sediments, as well as the presence of low-mineralized formation waters of hydrocarbonate-sodium composition. The change in the genetic type of waters, the mineralization decrease, the calcium ion content decrease and an increase in the hydrocarbonate ion amount in the Mesozoic hydrogeological basin, is associated with the transformation of mineral and organic matter in sedimentary rocks during their immersion, occurring at the elision stage of the basin development.

Study of the Effect of Doping ZrO2 Ceramics with MgO to Increase the Resistance to Polymorphic Transformations under the Action of Irradiation

The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of doping ZrO2 ceramics with MgO on radiation swelling and polymorphic transformations, as a result of irradiation with heavy ions. Interest in these types of materials is due to the great prospects for their use as structural materials for new-generation reactors. The study established the dependences of the phase composition formation and changes in the structural parameters following a change in the concentration of MgO. It has been established that the main mechanism for changing the structural properties of ceramics is the displacement of the cubic c-ZrO2 phase by the Zr0.9Mg0.1O2 substitution phase, which leads to an increase in the stability of ceramic properties to irradiation. It has been determined that an increase in MgO concentration leads to the formation of an impurity phase Zr0.9Mg0.1O2 due to the type of substitution, resulting in changes to the structural parameters of ceramics. During studies of changes in the strength properties of irradiated ceramics, it was found that the formation of a phase in the Zr0.9Mg0.1O2 structure leads to an increase in the resistance to cracking and embrittlement of the surface layers of ceramics.

The formation of (Ni-Co-Sb)-Ag-As ore shoots in hydrothermal galena-sphalerite-fluorite veins

Unusual hydrothermal native As-sulfide ± native Ag ± arsenide ± antimonide ± sulfosalt ore shoots and their co-genetic sulfide-fluorite-barite-quartz host veins, which are common in the region and in whole Central Europe, were investigated at three localities in the Schwarzwald, SW Germany, to understand the physico-chemical processes governing the change from a normal (= common) hydrothermal to an exceptional ore shoot regime. Based on fluid inclusions, the formation of the gangue minerals is the result of binary mixing between a NaCl-rich brine and a CaCl2-rich brine (both ~ 20 wt% NaCl aq.). This mixing correlation, major and minor fluid composition, formation temperature (~ 150 °C), and δ34S signature are identical (within error) in ore shoots and host veins. Thermodynamic modeling indicates that ore shoot formation must have resulted from a change in redox conditions by a local influx of a volumetrically minor reducing agent, probably hydrocarbons. The elemental content and the mineralogy of each ore shoot locality (Ag-As-rich: Münstertal; Ag–Ni-As-rich: Urberg; Ag–Ni-As-Sb-rich: Wieden) reflect the metal content of the binary mixed fluid, while mineral textures, successions, and assemblages are thermodynamically and, regarding sulfur, kinetically controlled. The formation of vein and ore shoot sulfides requires an addition of sulfide, most probably from the sulfide-bearing host rocks, because thermodynamic and kinetic reasons suggest that the two major vein-forming and metal-bearing fluids are not the source of the sulfur. The final ore shoot textures are influenced by later hydrothermal remobilization processes of As and Ag. This results in a number of sulfosalts, mostly proustite-pyrargyrite. Interestingly, the greater thermodynamic stability of Sb-endmember sulfosalts enables them to form even in As-dominated fluid systems.

Honing in on bioluminescent milky seas from space

Milky seas are a rare form of marine bioluminescence where the nocturnal ocean surface produces a widespread, uniform and steady whitish glow. Mariners have compared their appearance to a daylit snowfield that extends to all horizons. Encountered most often in remote waters of the northwest Indian Ocean and the Maritime Continent, milky seas have eluded rigorous scientific inquiry, and thus little is known about their composition, formation mechanism, and role within the marine ecosystem. The Day/Night Band (DNB), a new-generation spaceborne low-light imager, holds potential to detect milky seas, but the capability has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we show initial examples of DNB-detected milky seas based on a multi-year (2012–2021) search. The massive bodies of glowing ocean, sometimes exceeding 100,000 km2 in size, persist for days to weeks, drift within doldrums amidst the prevailing sea surface currents, and align with narrow ranges of sea surface temperature and biomass in a way that suggests water mass isolation. These findings show how spaceborne assets can now help guide research vessels toward active milky seas to learn more about them.

Lewy Body Disease

Fritz Heinrich Lewy described the intracytoplasmic inclusions found in the neurons for the very first time. In 1919 these inclusions were termed as “LBs” by Tretiakoff. LBs were found in the brain of the patients suffering from Lewy body disease (LBD). LBD is characterized by the presence of Parkinsonian symptoms in the earlier stages and dementia in the later stages of the disease. LBs were classified on the basis of the region of the brain in which they are distributed and so is the case of the LBD means the type of the LBD depends on the anatomical areas of the brain involved. LBD is not a single disorder. It is a spectrum of disorders. This chapter addresses the entire profile of LBs, types, composition, formation, and various LB pathologies as well as diagnostic criteria and pharmacotherapy.

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY AS A PART OF THE MATRIX OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE (IN VIEW OF ENGLISH AND BULGARIAN ACADEMIC LANGUAGES)

The article discusses medical terminology and its contemporary developmental perspectives in English and Bulgarian academic languages based on extensive illustrative material. The research focus is on the following active term-forming processes: lexico-semantic, lexico-morphological, lexico-syntactic, word borrowing and related linguistic phenomena - specialization, metaphorization, metonymization, affixation, composition, formation of medical terms-word combinations, direct translation, free translation, introduction of English medical terminology into Bulgarian, etc. Multidimensionality of medical terminology base in terms of cognitive, linguistic, socio-communicative and pedagogical aspects has been proved. The basic postulates of the last three modern theories of terminology are summarized.