DYNAMICS OF PERINATAL LOSSES IN ALMATY

Динамика и уровень перинатальной смертности за последние десятилетие свидетельствовали о том, что в г. Алматы имеет устойчивую тенденцию к снижению до 8,8‰ к 2019 году. В структуре перинатальной смертности большая часть приходится на антенатальную (5,5-6,5‰); около трети - на раннюю неонатальную смертность (3,2 до 2,3‰). В структуре причин неонатальных потерь наблюдалось устойчивое снижение дыхательных и сердечно-сосудистых нарушений в 2,3-3,8 раза - с 5 до 1,3‰, врожденных аномалий с 4,4 до 0,9‰, неонатальные потери от инфекционных болезней остаются стабильными. Сохраняющие риски инфекционной патологии, особенно в беспрецедентной ситуации в период пандемии диктуют необходимость пересмотра подходов к оказанию перинатальной помощи населению и разработкой новой концепции перинатальной помощи с существенными изменениями в подходах инфекционного контроля, развития превентивной перинатологии с более эффективной антенатальной охраной здоровья плода. The dynamics and level of perinatal mortality over the past decade testified to the fact that in Almaty it has a steady downward trend to 8.8 ‰ by 2019. In the structure of perinatal mortality, most of it falls on antenatal (5.5-6.5 ‰); about a third - for early neonatal mortality (3.2 to 2.3 ‰). In the structure of the causes of neonatal losses, there was a steady decrease in respiratory and cardiovascular disorders by 2.3-3.8 times - from 5 to 1.3 ‰, congenital anomalies from 4.4 to 0.9 ‰, neonatal losses from infectious diseases remain stable. The persisting risks of infectious pathology, especially in an unprecedented situation during a pandemic, dictate the need to revise approaches to providing perinatal care to the population and develop a new concept of perinatal care with significant changes in approaches to infection control, thedevelopment of preventive perinatology with more effective antenatal fetal health care.

The role of cationic channels of the potential TRPC receptor in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerulopathy in children, with a prevalence of approximately 16 per 100,000 of child population worldwide. Any chronic glomerular disease has the same type of development mechanism. Regardless of the damaging factor, after the death of a significant part of the nephrons, there occurs a steady decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, while morphologically we most often determine focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Studying the causes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is an urgent problem in pediatric nephrology. Recently, there has been discussed the role of the cation channels of the potential receptor TRPC of podocytes in the development of proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The article provides data on the role of TRPC receptors in the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The authors present their our own data demonstrating gene expression of the cationic channels family of the potential receptor TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5 and TRPC6 in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, depending on the morphological picture of the disease and sensitivity to steroid therapy.

Simulating Personal Carbon Trading (PCT) with an Agent-Based Model (ABM): Investigating Adaptive Reduction Rates and Path Dependence

A decade after the publication of seminal papers on personal carbon trading (PCT), few empirical studies on its implementation exist. Investigating how to design, set up and implement a PCT scheme for a community or country raises several difficulties. For instance, it is unclear how to introduce a reduction rate of CO2 allowances to ensure a steady decrease in CO2 emissions from households. Computational approaches have been introduced to address these challenges of PCT by providing an opportunity to test counterfactual scenarios. Among the benefits of an agent-based modeling approach (ABM) is the potential to directly address dynamic developments and introduce counterfactual situations. In this paper, we review existing modeling approaches and present an ABM for PCT. With simulations of an artificial population of 1000 and 30,000 agents, we address questions on the price and reduction rate of allowances. A key contribution of our model is the inclusion of an adaptive reduction rate, which reduces the yearly allocated amount of allowances depending on a set CO2 abatement target. The results confirm that increased emissions targets are related to higher allowance prices and a higher proportion of buying households. Our analysis also suggests a significant path dependence in the dynamics of allowance prices and availability, but that adaptive reduction rates have little impact on outcomes other than the price. We discuss data availability and computational challenges to modeling a PCT scheme with an ABM. Ideal data to populate an ABM on PCT are not available due to the lack of real-world implementations of a PCT. Nonetheless, meaningful insights about the dynamics and the focal variables in a PCT scheme can be generated by the exploratory use of an ABM.

Comparison of CEA and CA15-3 Markers with Serotonin, Ceruloplasmin and Copper in Breast Cancer Recurrence after Chemotherapy

Background: The serotonin, copper, and ceruloplasmin markers are altered in various cancers, including breast cancer. It has been reported that these markers have the potential to be used in the study of cancer recurrence. The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of serotonin, copper and ceruloplasmin besides the routine breast cancer markers such as CEA and CA15-3 in the blood sample of patients with invasive ductal breast cancer, before and after chemotherapy. Methods: This study was performed on 30 patients with breast cancer. Blood samples were taken from the patients before and after chemotherapy. Necessary data including age, tumor grade and status of Her-2, ER, PR receptors were obtained from patient records. Serotonin, CEA and CA15-3 levels were measured by ELISA method. Ceruloplasmin and copper were measured by nephelometry and colorimetric methods, respectively. Results: Results showed a decrease in serotonin, ceruloplasmin, copper, CEA and CA15-3 after treatment but only the levels of serotonin and ceruloplasmin showed a steady decrease. No significant relationship was observed between tumor grade and ER-PR, Her-2 receptors. Conclusion: This study showed that chemotherapy resulted in steady decline in serotonin and ceruloplasmin levels but this decrease was not steady in levels of CA15-3 and CEA. Therefore, if our results are confirmed by further research, they can be considered as a viable alternative to routine markers in cancer recurrence after chemotherapy.

Rotating tongues (Protrudences) of ozone- poor air in the Antarctic ozone hole, sweeping over lower latitudes : signatures in ground-based Dobson data

Using data from ground-based Dobson spectrophotometers, the evolution of Antarctic ozone holes during the southern springs of 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1995 was studied, At the South Pole, the evolution was mostly smooth, steady decrease up to about September end and a steady recovery up to about December end, At latitudes near 65°5, the ozone levels at different latitudes and longitudes showed fluctuations compatible with passing of a noncircular (oval) vortex boundary, (edge, rotating tongue), with a rotation period of 15-20 days, However, often there were depletions in-between, extending to lower latitudes up to ~30°S, indicating corrugations in the oval boundary with effects equivalent to those of more than one rotating tongue, There were other short- spaced (5-8 days) depletions, not necessarily simultaneous at different latitudes in the same longitude, and more copious at lower latitudes, probably indicating the effects of synoptic disturbances on total ozone through tropopause pressure changes and/or ozone mini-holes caused by anticyclonic tropospheric forcing under the southern polar vortex.

Possibilities of application a fixed combination of alogliptin and pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment

Hyperglycemia in T2DM is based on three main mechanisms: insulin resistance, progressive β-cell dysfunction, and excess glucose production by the liver.The onset of T2DM is usually preceded by a long period of insulin resistance. Prescribing sugar drugs that affect different links of pathogenesis, reducing a steady decrease in glycemia. To date, in clinical practice, various combinations of hypoglycemic drugs are used, the choice of which is determined by the characteristics of the course of diabetes in the patient, the presence of concomitant diseases and complications of diabetes, as well as the dominant clinical problem. This resolution provides an expert council opinion on the feasibility of using a combination of alogliptin and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Simultaneous prediction of functionally dependent random variables by maximum likelihood estimation

The paper presents a fundamental parametric approach to simultaneous forecasting of a vector of functionally dependent random variables. The motivation behind the proposed method is the following: each random variable at interest is forecasted by its own model and then adjusted in accordance with the functional link. The method incorporates the assumption that models’ errors are independent or weekly dependent. Proposed adjustment is explicit and extremely easy-to-use. Not only does it allow adjusting point forecasts, but also it is possible to adjust the expected variance of errors, that is useful for computation of confidence intervals. Conducted thorough simulation and empirical testing confirms, that proposed method allows to achieve a steady decrease in the mean-squared forecast error for each of predicted variables.

Urbanization negatively impacts frog diversity at continental, regional, and local scales

Urban environments are novel ecosystems, with increased chemical, sound, and light pollution differentially impacting many animals. Understanding the impacts of urban environments on biodiversity is the first step to understanding how to best mitigate biodiversity losses in an increasingly urbanizing world. Analyses with broad geographic and taxonomic coverage can offer critical context for informing urban biodiversity conservation. But such studies are currently lacking, especially for under-studied but likely highly impacted taxa such as frogs. Our objective was to document frog diversity in relation to urban environments at continental, regional, and local scales. We used FrogID data — an opportunistic citizen science dataset generated by volunteers recording calling frogs using a smartphone and validated by experts — throughout continental Australia, to calculate species richness, Shannon diversity, and phylogenetic diversity of frogs in urban and non-urban areas, as well as along a continuous urbanization gradient. The overall species richness of frogs was, on average, 57% less in urban than non-urban areas across six ecoregions. Further, we found significantly lower frog diversity in urban environments compared with non-urban environments across the country, with an average reduction of 59% species richness, 86% Shannon diversity, and 72% phylogenetic diversity. We also found evidence for a steady decrease in frog diversity along an urbanization gradient, with no obvious thresholds. Our results highlight the negative impacts of urbanization — at a continental scale — on frog diversity, and clearly highlight the necessity to consider frog diversity in future urban land development decisions.

Amiodarone lung: under recognised but not forgotten

Amiodarone is a common medication used widely in clinical practice. It is a triiodinated antiarrhythmic associated with a variety of adverse effects both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, the most serious being amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT) or amiodarone lung. This can present with a variety of clinical syndromes ranging from subacute symptoms to an indolent and a progressive course thus mimicking an alternative diagnosis. We report a case of amiodarone lung in a female who presented with an acute fulminant progressive pneumonitis despite being on very low dose (100 mg once daily) that proved fatal. Diagnosis was made on postmortem examination due to a diagnostic conundrum. Despite the steady decrease of AIPT with reduced dose, it is vital for the treating clinicians to monitor regularly for adverse effects and review the need for long-term use to prevent complications.

Functional and technological properties and methods of introduction of grain raw materials in the manufacture of meat and vegetable products

Currently, it is possible to ensure the protein balance in food only when combining plant and animal proteins. The functional and technological properties and methods of introducing non-meat ingredients (meal and grain raw materials) in the production of meat and vegetable pates are investigated. The influence of the degree of grinding of cereals on the viscosity properties of flour that has undergone hydrothermal treatment is studied. А direct dependence of the maximum value of the loading force on the degree of grinding of cereals is established, with an increase in the degree of grinding of cereals, the strength characteristics increase. The water-retaining capacity (WRC) of flour proteins was studied, so deodorised non-fat soy flour has the least ability to bind water, with a hydromodule of 1:1.75, 6.1% of water is separated, with a hydromodule of 1:2.25, buckwheat groats did not bind only 6.6% of water. Flour from cereal oat flakes, separation of non-cohesive water (8.5%) with a hydromodule of 1:2.5, with an increase in the hydromodule to 1:3, there is a slight decrease in this indicator by 7.5%. The fat module has a weak effect on the FRC of the flour samples being studied. Flour from cereals has a lower FRC, with fat modules (1:0.5) FRC does not change significantly and is from 0.44 to 0.45 g of oil per 1 g of flour, and for deodorised non-fat soy flour it is 100%. The mathematical description of the process of absorption of water and fat by flour from cereals and soy flour showed a steady decrease in WRC and an increase in WRC with an increase in hydro-and fat modules.