Evaluation of Hyperosmotic Sodium Bicarbonate as Adjunct to Ciprofloxacin in the Amelioration of Septicaemia in Salmonella-Induced Bubaline Neonatal Diarrhoea

This study was conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of hyperosmotic sodium bicarbonate (HSB 8.4%), hypertonic saline (HSS 7.5%) and normal saline (NSS 0.9%) solutions associated with experimentally Salmonella-induced diarrhoea in buffalo neonatal calves. For this purpose, 14–17 days old 18 healthy buffalo calves were reared. After 8–12 h of oral administration of Salmonella broth (6.5 × 108 CFU), diarrhoea was induced successfully. Calves were then randomly divided into three equal groups viz., groups A, B and C and treatment was instituted. Group A received NSS (0.9%) @ 60 mL/kg (body weight) B.W, intravenous (IV) once, group B was administered HSS (7.5%) @ 5 mL/kg B.W, IV once and group C instituted with HSB (8.4%) @ 5 mL/kg B.W, IV once. All three groups were additionally treated with ciprofloxacin @ 7 mg/kg B.W, IV bid and flunixin meglumine @ 2 mg/kg B.W, IV tid. Comparative efficacy of all treatment regimens was assessed through haemodynamic measurements, blood gases determination and serum electrolyte analysis. All parameters were noted at baseline (prior to diarrhoea induction), during neonatal diarrhoea, t=3, t=9, t=18, t=36, t=72, t=120, t=168 h after treatment. The HSB treated calves (group C) revived from diarrhoea quickly (within 9 h) and efficiently than NSS (group A) and HSS (group B), exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) enhancement. At t=18 h, values for central venous partial pressure and systemic vascular resistance were 11.67 ± 0.7, 13.67 ± 0.61 and 13.50 ± 0.56 and 1180. 83 ± 6.94, 1180.83 ± 6.94 and 1465.00 ± 6.76 in groups A, B and C, respectively. HSB treated buffalo neonatal calves also showed significant increase in bicarbonate, blood pH, serum electrolytes and partial pressure of venous oxygen. Basis on the results of this study, it was concluded that small-volume administration of HSB profoundly ameliorated deleterious effects of septicaemia and improve haemodynamic stability in Salmonella-induced bubaline neonatal diarrhoea. It provides a practical and economical method to resuscitate dehydrated diarrhoeic calves thus make it convenient to accomplish in on-farm situation. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium J.R. et G. Forst) and winter Savory (Satureja montana L.) Essential Oils and Their Blends against Pathogenic E. coli Isolates from Pigs

Neonatal diarrhoea (ND), post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) and oedema disease (OD) are among the most important diseases affecting pig farming due to economic losses. Among the main aetiological agents, strains of Escherichia coli are identified as the major responsible pathogens involved. Several strategies have been put in place to prevent these infections and, today, research is increasingly studying alternative methods to antibiotics to reduce the antibiotic resistance phenomenon. Essential oils (EOs) are among the alternative tools that are being investigated. In this study, the in vitro effectiveness of winter savory and manuka essential oils and their mixtures in different proportions against strains of E. coli isolated from episodes of disease in pigs was evaluated. The EOs alone demonstrated slight antibacterial effectiveness, whereas the blends, by virtue of their synergistic action, showed remarkable activity, especially the 70%–30% winter savory–manuka blend, showing itself as a potential tool for prevention and therapy.

Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding in buffalo calves in Haryana: A case study

Bovine cryptosporidiosisis primarily associated with neonatal diarrhoea with higher morbidity than mortality in young calves till they attain immunological maturity. The present investigation relates to a report on the shedding of Cryptosporidium oocyst in two buffalo calves of buffalo farm, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar from 1st days up to 3 month of age at 15 days interval using simple conventional microscopy. By using formol-ether concentration technique followed by modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) acid fast staining, Cryptosporidium oocysts were concentrated and identified. The Cryptosporidium oocysts appeared as reddish pink coloured bodies against a bluish/greenish coloured background at oil immersion using ZN staining kit. The maximum oocyst shedding was observed (2.3 oocyst / field) during 16 to 30 days of age. The oocyst shedding gradually decreased with increase in age afterwards clearly indicating the disease of young buffalo calves.

Cryptosporidium oocyst shedding in buffalo calves in Haryana: A case study

Bovine cryptosporidiosisis primarily associated with neonatal diarrhoea with higher morbidity than mortality in young calves till they attain immunological maturity. The present investigation relates to a report on the shedding of Cryptosporidium oocyst in two buffalo calves of buffalo farm, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar from 1st days up to 3 month of age at 15 days interval using simple conventional microscopy. By using formol-ether concentration technique followed by modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) acid fast staining, Cryptosporidium oocysts were concentrated and identified. The Cryptosporidium oocysts appeared as reddish pink coloured bodies against a bluish/greenish coloured background at oil immersion using ZN staining kit. The maximum oocyst shedding was observed (2.3 oocyst / field) during 16 to 30 days of age. The oocyst shedding gradually decreased with increase in age afterwards clearly indicating the disease of young buffalo calves.